{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vx05x25w9n/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["David P. Boder Interviews Leon Frim, September 25, 1946, Wiesbaden, Germany"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1946-09-25"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[" German (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Wire recording"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":[" frimL_9-156B_9-157_9-158A (Local)"," frimL_9-156B_9-157_9-158A_SLP.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":[" Wiesbaden (Germany) (Place of recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":[" Interview with Dr. Leon Frim conducted by David P. Boder on September 25, 1946 in Wiesbaden, Germany. (Abstract)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":[" World War, 1939-1945--Refugees (Topical)"," Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives (Topical)"," World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Jewish (Topical)"," Lʹviv (Ukraine) (Geographic)"," Przemyśl (Poland) (Geographic)"," Szebnie (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"," Pustków (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"," Auschwitz (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"," Gleiwitz III (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"," Gross-Rosen (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"," Buchenwald (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"," Weimar (Thuringia, Germany) (Geographic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":[" Frim, Leon, 1892-1981 (Interviewee)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Interviewer)"," Müller, Simone M. (Transcriber)"," Pöhlmann, Sascha (Transcriber)"," Müller, Simone M. (Translator)"," Pöhlmann, Sascha (Translator)"," Schmidt, Christian (Editor)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"," interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Inerviewee Nationality"]},"value":{"en":["Poland"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Gender"]},"value":{"en":["Male"]}}],"summary":{"en":[" Interview with Dr. Leon Frim conducted by David P. Boder on September 25, 1946 in Wiesbaden, Germany."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/066/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583169584","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - frimL_9-156B_9-157_9-158A_SLP.mp3"]},"duration":5199.94269,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/066/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583169584","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iit.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/066/original/frimL_9-156B_9-157_9-158A_SLP.mp3?1583169584","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":5199.94269,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English translation [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Wiesbaden...Wiesbaden Sept...Wiesbaden, Germany, near Frankfurt, September 25th, 1946. We have here a pec...special type of housing of displaced persons. The Jewish group is not located in the armory nor in the camp but is billeted by the UNNRA in private homes. We are going to interview now one of the members of this community. The interviewee is Dr. Leon Frim, a doctor of jurisprudence, who lives here as a displaced person. We are going to hear now from him personally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] So, Doctor, will you tell me, where are you born...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=53.0,59.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e In Lemberg [L’viv].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=59.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And where were you and what happened to you when the war broke out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=61.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e When the Germans came to Przemyśl, where I was a lawyer, they put all Jews into the ghetto. All Jews. And the ghetto was guarded by the SS soldiers, so that nobody was allowed to leave. One could only cross the street in groups in order to go to construction work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=68.0,106.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=106.0,108.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e This was in the year 41.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=108.0,111.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Describe the ghetto a little.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=111.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the ghetto had three sides...three streets, in which the most important houses in Przemyśls [inaudible] were. In these three houses, all 21,000 Jews of the town of Przemyśl were rounded up, which used to live all over the town before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=114.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What did you do in Przemyśl back then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=139.0,144.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I was deprived of my mental work, since no Jew was allowed to be an advocate, and was ordered to do a common job, as a common worker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=144.0,160.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But what was the job?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=160.0,162.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked for a construction company as a painter. When, um, the month of July came, people had already spoken openly about an evacuation [Aussiedlung]. We have had news of other towns that allegedly Jews were lead to an area where they would carry out their forced labor. This turned out to be incorrect and a lie. This was...in July the camp was evacuated by the SS unit...and then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=162.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was this a German unit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=208.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, this was a German unit back then, German SS unit. Then the people were pulled from their apartments, the old ones were taken separately to the side, it was claimed that they would not...um, to this area where the forced labor was to be carried out, they would not endure travelling there, but one did not know what happens to them. When everyone was already in that square there, shots were heard, and we learned, saw back then, that all old persons were shot below a wall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=209.0,250.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How many do you estimate were they, how many people were they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=250.0,253.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Back then there were, those shot were a few hundred, and evacuated from Przemyśl were only about [inaudible] 5,000. This was the first action [Aktion].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=253.0,267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were you and what happened to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=267.0,269.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I remained in the ghetto back then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=269.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=273.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I remained because the whole thing could not be combined, it was done in parts. So, those able to work were left for a while, and, um, weaker ones, then women and children were all put into waggons...and they were directed overnight towards [inaudible] a town that was called Belzec.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=274.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there a Jewish committee in Przemyśl, and what role did the committee play in this selection?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=304.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Back then [inaudible] Przemyśl was only the so-called, well, Judenrat. Judenrat. It has, the Judenrat carried out the directives of the SS authorities, of course under constraint. If this were not carried out, the, well, the Jewish population will suffer from it, since we did not know back then whether we would go to our deaths, in any case also the members of the Judenrat at the time. And on top of that it happened that during the first, um, during the first, um, evacuation, the elder of the Judenrat, I think it was Duldig back then, it was Duldig, Dr. Duldig, he was shot. Then...the second evacuation occurred, and...and it was in the month of November. Back then the second part, I think about 3,500 or once again 5,000 were evacuated, who suffered the same lot...the same lot as the previous ones. At the second evacuation they still let my wife, my son and me remain in the Przemyśl ghetto, and we were led from the ghetto to a labor camp Przekopana near Przemyśl.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How large was your family and how old were your children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=433.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e My family consisted only of my wife, who was about 40 years old then, and my son, who was about 17 years old then. Well, back then we came into this labor camp, and from this labor camp we went into town every day to work. My wife worked in the kitchen of the barracks then, in the camp kitchen. One day when I, um, came home one Sunday with the whole group of laborers, I did not find my wife in the camp any more. I was told, it was an SS unit, and has led all older women back into the ghetto. I was very distressed about this, because I did not know whether my wife really came into the ghetto. When I made sure about it, I discussed with my son that we should get my wife ouf of the camp...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=437.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Out of the ghetto ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=505.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Out of the ghetto, because other actions were talked about already then. We succeeded back then, and my wife, um, who I, who I gave Aryan papers at that time, took the train to Lemberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=505.0,525.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you arrange that? Tell me the details.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=525.0,529.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e A Polish woman from Przemyśl walked behind my wife, my wife went to the station at that time, at that place where we worked, and at the station this Polish woman bought a ticket for my wife, and my wife went to Lemberg then. Before she came to Lemberg, because she already wasn’t in the ghetto any more, and was not allowed to be at our workplace either, she spent many nights, I believe three of four nights, in different cellars, without food and drink, because she could not show herself out in the streets, where the SS patrols were on patrol, and when a Jew was found alone in the street, he was shot immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=529.0,585.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But she had Aryan papers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=585.0,588.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e She only got the Aryan papers from me at that time, when she was to go to the train. After a few days I had a message through that Polish woman that my wife arrived safely in Lemberg, and ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=588.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Why, did that Polish woman go with her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=606.0,608.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, the Polish woman received a card from my wife, a postcard. Um, I wanted to go after my wife to Lemberg with my son, and we even made preparations for that, to, um, well, escape from the camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=608.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have to pay the Polish woman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=628.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: No, I did not pay the Polish woman at that time, she was a friend of our family. Well, after a few days I received a message from this Polish woman, which she had received from my wife, to the effect that she is accommodated well in Lemberg, but that we should absolutely not come to Lemberg with the son, because terrible things occur there. Then two or three such messages came, and, um, on December 28, ‘42, the last message came, and it was the following, as the Polish woman told me: Because I should not receive news about my son and my husband, I do not know if they are still alive, um, I am going from Lemberg to Warsaw, as she said at that time. Back then I, um, investigated the matter and learned that she wanted to go to Przemyśl, that was to learn whether my son and I were still alive. This was the last message from my wife, and until this day, despite all, many investigations, I did not succeed, um, something, um, to learn something about her, so that I am now almost, um, certain, have certainty that my wife is not alive any more. I was now evacuated with my son in the year, um, 44, um, 43. The evacuation was carried out by, um, the SS unit together with, with Eastern men, who were also in SS divisions then. They put us in, um, rail cars to Szebnie...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How many people in a rail car?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=759.0,761.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e In one rail car there were more than 100 people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=761.0,765.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Only men?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=765.0,767.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e There were men and women, so that we had no place to stand, and we have, we almost suffocated at that time, because all openings were shut with boards, and with wire, um, with barbed wire. Only in Szebnie were we unloaded. There was a unit waiting, and the, um, well, under surveillance of this unit we had to, um, run a few kilometers into the camp double quick. On the way a woman, if I’m not mistaken she was called Achtel, was shot because she could not, um, run so fast. All this was late at night. When we arrived in the camp...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=767.0,821.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e One moment. Did men and women go together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=821.0,824.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there were men, women, and also, um, almost non-adult, um, people running together with us. When we, um, well, arrived in the camp very exhaustedly, we were examined. We were looked at ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=824.0,847.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What camp [inaudible]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=847.0,848.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Szebnie, Szebnie, this was a camp near Jasło. We did not know it was an extermination camp. It was in fact an extermination camp. So, um, in the night we arrived, we were [inaudible], and the unit there, and also the Jewish regulators, which means Jewish police[inaudible] in the camp, supervised the whole thing, we were examined, everyone had to undress, and give every object of value he carried with him. They took my watch at that time, my wedding ring, um, and all the money I had, I did not hide anything, because we were told, if something was found with someone, he will be shot there and then. Thus they did with one who tried to hide something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=848.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=913.0,915.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I did not know the person, because, um, I did not know everyone personally. But they said that it was found with someone, I think money or something like that, which he had not declared, and he was shot on the spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=915.0,932.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you see him being shot?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=932.0,933.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I did not see it. But afterwards they put us in a barrack, um, in some shacks, where we hardly found any room to lie next to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=933.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Describe the barrack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=949.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e The barrack was a wooden shack, and it, it was [inaudible], well it was, it was intended for many people, there were no beds, only long boards, and one lay next to the other, even without straw underneath. Thus we waited for early morning, and in the early morning we were given coffee. On the first Sunday there was a roll call. This was the first roll call in camp Szebnie. All Jews, so all inmates of the Jewish shacks, were driven together in a square, we were about 3,500 at that time. There were men, women and also children from different areas, so not only from Przemyśl, but also from other towns, as for example Bochnia. There were even many people from Bochnia among the inmates of the camp. We were told that a Jewish driver [Fahrer]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=951.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A Jewish rabbi [Pfarrer]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1034.0,1035.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Driver, driver, which means a chauffeur, who drove the car of the camp commander, well, um, escaped to Hungary with this car. The, the sentence of the camp commander was, for that, as a, um, punishment ten Jews had to be shot, ten men and ten women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1035.0,1066.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But that’s twenty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1066.0,1068.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Um, five men and five women. One of the guards, I believe it was an SS officer, I did not know about the colors yet at that time, stepped up to us and, um, was supposed to select amongst the standing people those who should be shot. He passed us and I have seen such a scene: when a woman was, um, pointed out as one who should be shot, another woman came forward as her sister, asked that the first one be released, they should shoot her, because her sister, who, um, was selected for death, was married and had a child. An SS man, who stood near her, shot her as she was still speaking, and also her sister, so that one dead body fell upon the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1068.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You saw that yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1141.0,1142.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I saw that myself. Then the other people were selected...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1142.0,1148.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And what was the name of that camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1148.0,1150.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e The camp was called Szebnie, near Jasło. They selected more people, and I saw how they made five Jews and four other women fall to their knees...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1150.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Five men ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1163.0,1164.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Five men and four women fall to their knees ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1164.0,1167.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But why four, two had been shot already.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1167.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: No, well, eleven were shot together, because the sister asked for the life of the other sister, she was shot as well, so that eleven were [inaudible]. Then one of the SS leaders approached the kneeling people, ordered them to bow their head, and at everyone from behind he, um, fired a shot. One of them, before he received the shot, pleaded to be, um, given his life, because he did not escape and did not even know the person who escaped. So he cannot be, um, responsible for another man. Then the SS officer answered him: Be silent, you coward. So he, um, complied and received his coup de grâce. And this person lived on after the first shot, he breathed stertorously/his breath was rattling, so that he had to be given the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth shot in the neck, um, until he was finally dead. The women were dead immediately. This happened before our eyes, two steps away from us. Well then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1170.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How was that explained that he did not die of the first shot, fired at such close range?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1263.0,1269.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e He was apparently a, um, strong man. So he breathed stertorously/rattlingly all the time...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1269.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Stertorously/rattlingly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1277.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Stertorously/rattlingly, so, giving out such an unarticulated voice. And then he still reached with his hand for the place on the head where the shot rang, so that one wondered how much vital force is in that human being there. His last words before being shot were: [inaudible]. I can remember as if it were yesterday. My son held my hand and said all the time, father, do not look. But one had to look. Because there was no other way. After quite a while ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1277.0,1321.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you mean, “one had to look”?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1321.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Because, this happened before our eyes. One could not avert the eye, one was as if paralyzed, we saw that for the first time in our life. So, after... At that time I came to a new shop as a painter, as a painter. For... In a week or less I heard that once again a roll call, um, was to be called.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1324.0,1359.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Didn’t you have roll calls every day?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1359.0,1362.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, there were not roll calls every day. We even believed that roll calls were only assembled in order to shoot people, because at least one man was killed at every roll call. Well, another time they hanged a man, and hanging thus he remained a few hours, so, in this position he remained and asked to be shot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1362.0,1390.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So he was hung by the arms?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1390.0,1392.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e He was hung by the arms. In the presence of his wife and children. And he moaned, and asked to be shot. And he...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1392.0,1403.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Why was he hung?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1403.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e He allegedly insulted an SS man. Whether it was violently or, um, verbally, I don’t know, only that the SS man claimed to have been gravely insulted by this person. A third time I was called to the place where the roll calls were carried out. We were sure that something would happen there. We were surrounded by the SS unit in black uniforms, they were Ukrainians, surrounded with machine guns. We were sure that we would all be killed. But only 440 people were selected to be killed, that was the quota at that time. Well, my son and I had the luck back then to stay longer, we were not selected, but we had to watch how our comrades, who were standing next to us, had to go to this side, who were then, um, loaded on a camion [truck] and led into a forest, where all of them were shot. Afterwards three people were selected among us, they were not told why they would be taken where they would be taken, and they did not return. We heard that they were used for burning the people and then were shot themselves. In any case they did not return into the camp. After a few weeks, well it was already two months of our stay in Szebnie, we were summoned to the place where they had the roll calls. They searched all adults, if a Jew wasn’t hiding, and on this square we stood all day — this was in November — in the rain, without food, drink, tired... We saw then that we were surrounded on all sides by these Ukrainian SS soldiers in black uniforms. Yet there were no machine guns aimed at us. We suspected that something bad was going on. I comforted my son. And, um, after a few hours we heard that only the most important craftsmen, um, who were still needed in the camp, will be left behind, and, um, when their names were read out, I heard to my astonishment that my and my son’s names were read as two painters who had employment in the camp. So we went to this side, where those who were to stay alive, um, gathered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1405.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they hardly said that the others were selected for death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1606.0,1610.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we didn’t know that those were selected for death, but we knew that they were supposed to be displaced somewhere into another camp, as we were told. We learned later that they were all transported over to Auschwitz and ruthlessly found their deaths in the chimneys. We were 120, among them eight painters, and among the painters were my son and I. The next day, we were brought to, um, the camp Pustkow, under surveillance of course. Camp Pustkow or so-called “Heidelager” is near Debica. There we were first taken to disinfection, to disinfection all the others went as well, 120 all in all, and at this disinfection we had to get our clothes from these gas chambers ourselves. The result of this was that a person was, um, gassed there, by accident, because he stood too long in this chamber, and died in the course of events, before his father’s eyes, who was an upholsterer. In this camp Szebnie we, my son and I, worked as painters for ten months. At that time we had, we were completely secluded from the world, this was an exclusively Jewish camp, and nearby was the Polish camp. We never fell together, only once a week, when we were to bathe, did we go over there into the Polish camp under strict surveillance, and after the bath we were led back into our shacks. Thus we spent the time, which means the whole winter and spring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1610.0,1750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have hot water for bathing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1750.0,1753.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there was hot water for bathing, but, when, um, the the facilities did not work, we sometimes went without bathing. We were in poor conditions with the, um, clothing and laundry. One saw to it that we didn’t get lice, not because of us, only, um, because of the, the, the SS unit, so we would not infect it. So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1753.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, describe how you slept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1791.0,1794.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there were two-tier beds there. My son and I, we slept below. It was quite clean there, because we watched the cleanliness for our own sake. We were glad when we were locked into the barracks after the hours of labor, because at that time we were among ourselves, we were allowed to read back then, and some even tried to get a newspaper somewhere, and thus we knew what went on in the world. The food was less than poor. Well, um, we cannot say we were starving at that time, but it was hardly enough to stay able for work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1794.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And for whom did one work there? What was all that necessary for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1845.0,1848.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e The camp was for, because, um, drill ground or something we didn’t know what for and where, for whom we work, orders came in, an SS man, who was camp leader and this leader of the shops, he gave us these orders, and we carried them out. I was employed as a worker, not even as master, and, um, Sundays we had off, Sundays we were off, so, Sunday was meant for cleaning, we have cleaned, and sometimes we even, this was two or three times, put on such evenings, these were performances, Jewish performances, so, we did not report it to anyone, but nobody barred us from it either. Because this was inside the shacks...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1848.0,1914.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were people treated decently, was someone beaten?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1914.0,1918.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e One was beaten very often. Well, if it was, um, a, um, well, a reason for beating or not, I do not know, I have seen many times that a Jew was beaten, but this was such a common scene that I did not even ask why this one was beaten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1918.0,1943.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you mistreated as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1943.0,1945.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I was not mistreated by anyone at that time. I can only remember one case that... A Jew named Unger, I believe, a young man, whom I did not know, um, stood at the gate, to, um, support the surveillance. This means he watched out that nobody who was supposed to enter the camp came into the camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1945.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was not supposed to enter...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1983.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was not supposed to enter. He also had the right not to let SS people in who did not have the necessary papers at the time. This was almost in our Jewish camp, which is why a Jew stood there. He was suspected of, um, having allowed it that someone in the camp traded with soles or something. This fact was established, he was, um, recognized as guilty by the SS camp leader, was put into the bunker and given to understand that, if he did not put himself, um, to death, he will, um, suffer the same lost as anyone who comes into the bunker, this means, die he must. The next day they found him with his veins cut open.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1984.0,2046.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What was this bunker?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2046.0,2049.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I did not see the bunker. I believe it was a kind of cellar, a cellar of concrete. I was never there; I never got in contact with it. I only know this from telling. But I saw the bunker from afar and I know that the person did not come back. They even showed him from afar, the stretcher on which he was carried, the body of this deceased Unger. In July 44, I think this was because of the, um, war events outside, the camp was liquidated. We were put into rail cars, 80 to 100 people each in a rail car, and locked the cars so that we could not breathe. We had no water, no air, and the windows were, um, of these cattle cars, in which we had been led, with boards, um, nailed shut. Some tried to make holes in the wall or the floor of these rail cars in order to get air. Many passed out on the way, and in some places, right behind the station, um, stations, for some moments the doors of the rail cars were opened so that people could empty their bowels. Then we were put into the rail cars again, and again we go. After two days we came to a station, we did not know it was Auschwitz. When we were there, one of the SS guards who led us told us, you will learn in a few minutes what happens to you. We were certain back then that we are in Auschwitz, and someone called to us outside, we do not know who that is, you are already near the chimneys. We are in fact, the rail car in which we were, we do not know where we are, it drove onto this track that led to the chimneys. Panic broke out among us. It was, we were so hot that one could suffocate. Everyone undressed, because it was impossible to bear, it was in July. We lay there at night, many passed out, among them my son, because he did not recognize me at that time. He was told, your father is still alive, he said, no, that is not my father, he did not see in the darkness and he did not even recognize me by my voice. I addressed him, and he lay there like a dead body. Well, we all shouted, mass murderers, because we knew that we would experience death in a few minutes, and, about which we had been told many times. So we stood on this track all night, and only heard negotiations. When the door of the rail car was opened, they let us deboard. At that time we were beaten, why were we naked. This was already below this hall, where one entered to be burned...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2049.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Gassed...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2283.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e To be gassed, yes. Below these gas halls. Well, um, we were ordered to dress. [Silence on the tape] And because in the rail car, in the rail car, it was so hot that it was impossible to bear, and we wanted that, that there was more room. It was such a mass of different bodies. We did not know if someone is dead or if he is just passed out. At that time we shouted from the rail car, we judged from different questions, where someone could find something. And if someone still... [Silence on the tape] Then we learned that an Unterscharführer, who had led us ... [Interruption]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2283.0,2359.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Wiesbaden, Germany, September the 25th, 1946. The interviewee is Dr. Leon Frim, doctor of jurisprudence, 47 years old, and we continue here from spool 156.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2359.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German]Well, let’s go on. So you were in Auschwitz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2377.0,2382.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. In Auschwitz we were subjected to a medical examination. My son and I were found to be able to work. We were sent to a barrack where the numbers were tattooed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2382.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What is your tattoo number?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2400.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e My tattoo number is A.180 41.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2403.0,2415.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e No triangle, no?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2415.0,2417.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no triangle. My son had the same, only the next number. When we had already received the numbers, we were given food to eat. Then they sent us to the clothing chamber, where we got these, um, striped prisoners’ uniforms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2417.0,2438.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they cut your hair off?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2438.0,2441.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they cut out hair still in Przemyśl for the first time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2441.0,2446.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e All over your body?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2446.0,2448.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, only on the head. And then a second time in Pustkow, in the Heidelager, we were shaved then, the whole body. For the third time we were shaved in, um, Auschwitz, bevor bathing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2448.0,2471.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Completely?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2471.0,2472.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2472.0,2473.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So you not only had your hair cut on your head?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2473.0,2475.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, on the whole body. And then we went into this clothing chamber. There we got these striped outfits, wooden shoes. And we gathered outside, were instantly loaded aboard rail cars, and sent to a town, Gleiwitz. In Gleiwitz there were four camps. My son and I, we got into the camp... In Gleiwitz, my son and I got into the camp Gleiwitz III. The camp was made out of bricks. There I got a shop in the cellar and worked there as a painter, as camp painter. In the beginning we had...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2475.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And your son?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2533.0,2535.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e My son worked with me in the beginning. Instead of regular painting I also did artistic painting, and I have, there were these decorations on walls, in the dining hall, well, painted all four walls myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2535.0,2553.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In which dining hall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2553.0,2555.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e This was dining hall of prisoners. Was a big dining hall. I received orders to decorate the dining hall with murals. So, from memory I painted such four large paintings in Gleiwitz in this dining hall, it was, um, spring, summer, fall and winter. Then a commission came and found the work to be good, and, um, I received a pack of tobacco for it. This was the gratification for the work. Often I got some with my son, but this was common food, but we were glad at that time, because my son had it quite good with me. One fine day an SS man discovered a resemblance between my son and me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2555.0,2615.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e They did not know ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2615.0,2617.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e They did not know that I am father and he is son. When he, he asked me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2617.0,2623.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you never summoned to roll call by name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2623.0,2626.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: No, we had numbers. We were numbers, numbered. Well, he asked me, whether he were my brother. I told him, that he was my son. I got for an answer, that it were impossible, to implement such conditions here, as if it were a sanatorium. After a couple of days he was commandeered off and went to heavy work. I asked the camp commandant to let him at least, um, stay with the painter work. And so it was, he was, he was painting in the mines or something, as varnisher. He had to walk to work every day with all the others. So we could only see each other for lunch an in the evenings, and we slept near, next to each other. In January ‘45 an order came that the whole camp was to, um, to move, they told us, um, to leave the barracks and they formed us, even though not everybody had a coat. [Translator’s Note: Frim uses “Jänner,” the Austrian expression for January here, not the German term]. My son had a coat, I was without a coat, we had to go out in the cold and then we got something to eat. When we have been on our way for four to six days....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2626.0,2723.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But you did not eat in the dining hall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2723.0,2726.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no outside did we get this, um, food for our way. And forty on foot did, um, went out of Gleiwitz under the leadership of the SS-guards ... wandered out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2726.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did the SS guards also march?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2744.0,2747.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e The SS guards marched next to us. But the highest were in cars. The SS guards changed all the time, so that there were always other people guarding us. But we did march, um, all the time. Only at noon at the first day did we rest. Then we ate something from our reserves. Well, my son and I were, um, on the first day, it was stolen, all that we had on food was stolen, so that already on the next day we had to beg for food from our comrades, so that they would give us some bread. So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2747.0,2794.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you get the food from you had with you? [interrupting]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2794.0,2797.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e We had gotten the food in Gleiwitz, when we started our way. Everybody got, I think, two breads, two loaves of bread and some margarine. I still had it on the first day, when I, when I was tired, then, I had put it on a wagon, which had all the food for the SS-guards. And the next day I couldn’t find it anymore at the very same spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2797.0,2828.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, you were tired, you were so tired, that you couldn’t carry such a small package.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2828.0,2832.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes, it was winter. We were poorly dressed, and had been marching all day and we weren’t trained for marching, as we had always been in the camp. Well, this was the first march, and on the first day in the evening, we were very tired. And ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2832.0,2854.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2854.0,2855.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e And above this we had to carry the wagons, which weren’t stringed. And on the wagon, well, the wagons which we carried, there was food ... food and also clothing and well the entire luggage of the guards. This we ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2855.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Whose? [Interrupting]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2876.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Of the guards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2876.0,2878.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they not have a car? Or a Auto... or horses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2878.0,2882.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Our forces were cheaper, and so we carried. And we helped with the wagons, even when it was going uphill, we helped to carry and when somebody on the way did not work very well, he was, well, um, he got beaten by the guards. In this way, we almost passed entire Silesia. We got to various areas [inaudible] how the situation, where the [inaudible] how the situation was. Sometimes we even heard, and we heard that liberation was on its way. But the SS-guards had gotten instructions from somewhere to bring us always out of these regions, which were according to their views endangered, but in our views could bring us liberty. In this manner we had been marching for three weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2882.0,2955.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me, couldn’t you run away? Couldn’t you hide or something?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2955.0,2959.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Some ran away during the march. There were cases when they got shot. And some managed. Because I had my son with me, I did not want to try. I always thought that if I had managed to stay alive this far, maybe God would give that everything would become all right. If I had been on my own, I would have followed my son’s advice, who always said, that we should run. But it was difficult, we were surrounded by the SS-guards and I was always trapped by my reason. I did not want to because of my son and I knew that if it were me, it would be a big blow for him. Well, that’s why I let it go and went all the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2959.0,3013.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e In this manner, on our way we hardly got something to eat and only on some places, some boiled potatoes. And we couldn’t wash ourselves during all that time, we looked worse than animals. One didn‘t recognize the other. Well, we were overgrown, savaged, dirty, not washed, starved and not rested. Some nights we spent in, um, in, not in, in barns, yes. Well, but that was not that we should not spend the night outside, but only because that we could not run away. And so we were shut up in different barns. They rounded us up, hundreds of people from various regions, not only our camp, but also other camps met there. Sometimes we were a couple thousand people in one barn. It was so spurious and there were fights, because every one of us had to fight for his place for the night with his comrades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3013.0,3089.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: On our way, I have not yet mentioned this, many of us were shot: When somebody stayed behind, because he couldn’t walk any further, because he was starved, tired and absolutely exhausted, well, then he was simply shot and thrown into the, um, the roadside ditch. Some begged the guards to shot them, because they couldn’t bring themselves any further. With some it happened the way that, if they only stayed behind a little bit, one, um, said that he was suspected of an attempted flight and he was shot for that reason. Before us other camps had passed by and they had marked the way with various corpses. So that when we went along these roads, we, um, saw a lot of corpses in this striped clothing. These were all Jews, exclusively Jews, because only the Jews were marching. We... in this way we reached the camp Groß-Rosen. In Groß-Rosen they placed, they put us in a barrack, which hadn’t been completed yet. It was all during the winter. To get to this barrack we had to take a path, which was so done, that the ground came up until over our knees, but seriously up to our knees. We could not get our feet out of this dirt. Then during the night, when we had already reached the barrack, we fell in ground and lay there until morning. The next morning they drove us out of the barrack and at a square there we got, um, we got food, well soup and some bread and a piece of a sausage for the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3089.0,3221.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How big was the piece of sausage you got?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3221.0,3223.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, the piece of sausage, it was so big that we ate it right there, in one piece. It was meant to be enough for a couple of day days, because we still had a long way to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3223.0,3234.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, approximately, how much was it in gram?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3234.0,3237.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: In gram it could be about ten dekagram, 100 gram, 100 gram. From the camp of Groß-Rosen, they led us, ... well, all the time we were guarded, to the train station. I already had frozen feet. They hurt a lot and it bled, I was afraid to take of my shoes, the wooden shoes, because I knew that something was wrong. I could not help my son and so I went on and it hurt a lot. Sometimes I trampled on the spot, sometimes so fast, ... when we stopped ... that my foot... well, when it was frozen, I couldn’t feel the pain that much, the pain was eased. And then I did march well for some time until it defroze, then it started to hurt. I began to march poorly and my son was dragging me all the time. I always heard his words: Daddy, come daddy, come, because they are already watching you. You are always staying behind. He was afraid that when I stayed behind, I would be shot immediately. They put us in wagons in open wagons, in the train station of Groß-Rosen. And so we were for four days and four nights without something to eat and to drink in this open wagon, with snow, and thunderstorm, until Buchenwald.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3237.0,3347.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e With thunderstorm you mean snowstorms, don’t you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3347.0,3351.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, snowstorms. We weren’t protected from the snow. The only kind of food we got was snow. One took off from the other the snow and in this way we appeased our thirst. When we reached Buchenwald, they told us to get off. Only then did we assure ourselves that at least one fourth had remained in the wagon. These were full of corpses. But three fourths still got off. We walked along the railroad embankment and on the way almost every third person fell over and did not rise again. These people weren’t shot anymore. They found their death through exhaustion. The entire way was like paved with corpses in these stripped uniforms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3351.0,3412.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: But tell me: in these wagons, where you were. How does one die from exhaustion? What are the symptoms?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3412.0,3419.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they lied down, one was almost laying on the other. There were so many people that it was impossible to sit. So, you were standing all the time, when you sat down, you were sitting on someone else. Then you were beaten by someone. It was night, snowstorms. During the days it was almost the same. We were no human beings anymore. We were rid of every kind of morale, so, you battled with the last of your strength, um, this mood we were in then. I am not, um, prepared, for these answers and so, I only speak so, well, so .... I cannot say it literarily... [hesitantly and with pauses]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3419.0,3481.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but I have already told you that we are not looking for literary answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3481.0,3485.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Good but, it is not, ... maybe it is not so, so coherent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3485.0,3489.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e This is very....very....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3489.0,3492.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, when we reached the camp Buchenwald...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3492.0,3497.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Look, if everything you said were so literarily, then there will sometimes be people, who say that I wrote it all down for you. [Interrupting]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3497.0,3504.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Well yes. Well, when we reached Buchenwald, they had us stand for hours under a barrack, because they said that first we had to be disinfected. We waited for three days and three nights for this disinfection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3504.0,3526.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3526.0,3526.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e In Buchenwald outside. They brought us into a, well, I cannot call it barrack, because there were only walls and no roof. It was an, an, um, an unfinished barrack, which did not have a roof. And so we sat on the dirty ground, which was all wet, and there we sat because we were so tired. We all trembled and shivered from cold. And then we, um, ... only got something to eat once a day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3526.0,3558.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Please describe, what were you wearing then? From the skin on. What were you wearing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3558.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e We were still wearing the clothes from Buchenwald. Well, I had...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3563.0,3569.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Buchenwald? [inquiring]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3569.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e From, um, Gleiwitz from Gleiwitz. So, I had underwear, pants, a .... a civilian jacket, somebody had borrowed to me and a stripped [inaudible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3570.0,3589.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A shirt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3589.0,3590.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e And a shirt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3590.0,3591.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A shirt. Stockings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3591.0,3592.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Stockings none.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3592.0,3594.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of shoes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3594.0,3595.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Um, wooden shoes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3595.0,3597.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of a cap?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3597.0,3598.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Such a cap for inmates it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3598.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of material was it made off?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3600.0,3602.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e That was a cloth cap, it was striped [inaudible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3602.0,3606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your underwear made off?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3606.0,3608.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e My underwear was civilian underwear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3608.0,3611.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well yes, but was it flannel or cotton?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3611.0,3614.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e That was some kind of flannel. Oftentimes it was so, I think, stripped, it was particularly for prisoners. It was dark blue with white stripes. It was civilian or I only got always underwear for prisoners. So, my son, he also had one, well underwear, the same one I had. And wooden shoes and a coat. When we finally reached our stations after three days and three nights, well, then it looked this way. They had us, had us go .... all naked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3614.0,3658.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3658.0,3659.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e In a room, in this bathing room. And there they shaved us all, on the entire body. Then we moved into such a, well in such a pot...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3659.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Please describe, what did they use for shaving? [Interrupting]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3673.0,3675.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e These were such electrical machines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3675.0,3678.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but then they only cut your hair, these were no razors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3678.0,3680.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, no, these were such hair machines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3680.0,3683.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Shear machines?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3683.0,3684.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Shear machines, yes, electrical shear machines. But up to the body, they sheared us up to our body. Then we were in such a barrel, well one after the other went. And in it was some kind of disinfectant. And then it, um, burned in our eyes, so that you couldn’t open them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3684.0,3709.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have to dive under?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3709.0,3710.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, every one of us had to dive under for a couple of times. After this christening, um, we all went to that shower. Everyone washed himself and there you got these, um, this clothing. This was already very normal, dirty, a civilian shirt. And I asked them to also give me and my son some underwear, but they would not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3710.0,3743.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So, please describe, what were you wearing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3743.0,3745.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: We only got these civilian shirts and nothing more. Then we went into the uniform store. There I got torn, thin, blue working pants. Around the knees they were all torn. I put them on, over my naked skin, so that my naked feet were visible through these spots, where it was torn. And a shirt for prisoners, a striped shirt for prisoners. My son got pants for prisoners and a shirt for prisoners. And we both got a prisoner’s cap. And then I asked, I addressed a German Capo, he should allow me to at least get these rags of shoes and then he scolded me with the words: You Jew! With the end, at the end of the war you will get your rags. But now you can walk without rags. How dared the Jew! And I did not repeat something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3745.0,3812.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Please explain. He also was a prisoner...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3812.0,3815.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e He also was a prisoner. But the prisoners that guarded us, sometimes treated us so badly. And maybe even worse than the SS guards. They were known for many cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3815.0,3830.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was this Capo Jewish? [interrupting]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3830.0,3832.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, he was German. Then we were sure, that we finally would get to our barrack, to finally come after four days of standing outside without a roof, under a roof. Well, but because there was no space, they had us stay outside for yet another day and another night. We whined from, from, from, um pain. As it was winter outside and we couldn’t warm ourselves, we didn’t have anything to eat and such distress, ... and only in water, um, then. It was the snow we sat on, which melted in this unfinished barrack. This dirty we made a fuss the other day, because we didn’t care anymore, when we would be burned. A little ways off, we saw the [inaudible] Crematorium. We already were with it, with a chimney. We already were related to it, and already we did not care, whether they burned us or not. So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3832.0,3904.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was this in Buchenwald?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3904.0,3905.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: It was in Buchenwald. One bright day, so, after four days of our stay, they brought us to a barrack. In this barrack we hardly knew a place where we could lay. Some of us were selected as Chargen, as so called Buxen-eldest. [Translator’s Note: With “Chargen” Frim is referring to a group of prisoners who were in charge in the barracks, which he calls Buchse/Buxe instead. An alternative term for Frim for those prisoners is Buxen-eldest. The term “Buxe” (Buchse?) itself is not a real German word yet can be found in German and Austrian Corps/Burschenschaften (fraternities)]. Every Buxe held twenty or thirty people. One of us was selected as Buxen-eldest, elected as Buxen-eldest. But they behaved in a ways, just as the Capos. One Buxeneldest, he was Czech, I think, then. When I asked him, he should allow me to lay on the upper not the lower level, on the ground, because the ground was all dirty, he hit me on the head. Did he tell me, that my place was way down. And as I was tired, well, I did....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3905.0,3973.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there others together with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3973.0,3976.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there were also others together. The stronger ones took the places on the higher levels. My son and I we were already so tired, that we could hardly keep ourselves up on our feet, we were simply content to be under a roof. So we crawled into the lowest level, low down on the floor, so that one could not hold the head up. You had to stay there in the lying, um, position. We had no air during the nights, when one wanted to get up, there was hardly a possibility to do so without getting in a fight with your neighbors. Also, the next evening my shoes were stolen and the following day when I told the Buxen-eldest about it, he only laughed at me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3976.0,4028.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were the shoes stolen when you had it on your feet or did you have them close in there with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4028.0,4030.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we had put the wooden shoes under our feet. We were sure that nobody would steal them. When they were stolen, I had this one, who had been in Buchenwald for a long time. He went to a pile, where there was the dirty trash, and there he found two other, um, wooden shoes and brought them to me. These were all [inaudible] and I had feet which were all wound, because they had died off and I put them into these [inaudible].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4030.0,4066.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e So we sat there for three or four days. After this time, they called us to a medical commission. I didn’t know at that time how the commission had decided, but after two or three days, I found out, that my son and I were to go the barrack for the invalids. This was barrack number 65. So, because we had not gotten any food for the entire time, and it was, that we only got food once a day. On the previous day during the roll call, when we had to stand for three hours up to long into the night without any interruption or at least a meal. So, then we got the stamps for the next day and for these stamps one could get on the next day, um, for lunch, well only once lunch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4066.0,4137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e One time it happened to my son, that somebody had stolen his stamps. Then the next day, when he was already at the wagon to get his food, he realized that the stamps were not there anymore. Then he didn’t eat for 24 hours. I had already been for lunch at that time and so I had to beg for food from a comrade and give him something from my portion the next day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4137.0,4166.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e So, then my son started to complain that he had pain in the area of the kidneys. So, when we moved to the barrack 65, he only stayed a night there, on the side of the sick ones and I was on the side of the healthy ones. On the next day he got temperature. But he didn’t want to tell me and I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4166.0,4198.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Describe the barrack [Interrupting]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4198.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e It was, um, on the one side, there were the sick ones [inaudible for about 30 seconds]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4200.0,4207.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How were you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4207.0,4208.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e With my feet that were frozen off, I was on the side of the healthy ones, because one could say that they could operate and it could heal. [inaudible for about 30 seconds]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4208.0,4233.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e So the next day, I learned from a comrade, why, if I tell them, that my son is sick. And I begged them under tears, they should leave me. I told them that I would not separate from my son and that we had been together the entire time. How [inaudible] belongs together. Then someone yelled at me and brought to my consciousness that death would also separate us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4233.0,4267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who said that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4267.0,4268.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e He was an inmate, a Jewish inmate. That sounded plausible to me. I approached a doctor, he was Jewish. He looked at my son and he took the [inaudible], um, the security from me. I begged that they should let him lay out here. [inaudible]This they didn’t allow. I only accompanied him outside and I saw that they gave him something. Then for the last time, I ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4268.0,4317.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: [inaudible for about 20 seconds]... whether he had heard something about him. He comforted my every day. He was Polish. He told me that he had no news. So, it was this way that my son was still in ward. So when at this day, after eight days, I reported to the block-eldest and asked him whether my son had recovered, he explained to me Polish, in the Polish language: I am sorry, I have to, have to, um, tell you, that your son is dead. Then I collapsed. [Frim is almost crying]. He wanted to comfort me. [Frim is speaking very slowly and with a lot of pauses]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4317.0,4384.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e I went back to my place, because then I was already deadly exhausted and sick. My feet were, it got worse and worse. It had already started to bleed, so that I didn’t even go out to the roll calls anymore. I did not tell anybody that I had death in my feet. I only referred to my weakness and so the block-eldet allowed me to not leave the barrack, because he could see that I wasn’t able to stay on my feet. One day one of comrades reported that it smelled in the area of my feet. Then they examined me and they transferred me to the Revier [the hospital ward for the concentration camp inmates] on compulsion. There at first I wanted to find something out about my son, but nobody could tell my anything. Then I lay there for two weeks. It was already too late for medical assistance, so the attending physician told me. That I had let me down, that the blood poisoning had already advanced well beyond the knee and that there was nothing else they could do. So I lay there and yet state of health improved on its own. It withdrew, so that even the physician was amazed and contested improvement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4384.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did it heal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4491.0,4495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e My wounds started to heal. And this, um, this black spot, which was already above my knee, it got lighter and lighter. And I could look reach down to my feet. A lot of people died in there, in this, in this, barrack, which was directly in Buchenwald. Every day, they brought out a lot of corpses. I was in the surgery compartment. There were fewer corpses there. But in the adjacent, in the adjacent compartments, it was full of inside-sick people. With lung disease and with stomach disease. These died by the score. One day a Czech physician approached me, the one that had treated me and he asked, whether there were Jews in here. If so, they should hide underneath the blankets. When one said, why, he said, tomorrow you will know the answer, now hide. So, we Jews hided.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4495.0,4571.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4571.0,4572.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Um, behind the blankets. In the Buchsen we were so close next to each other, that it was impossible to detect one person, if you simply passed by.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4572.0,4583.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you mean that in the Revier there were several people in one bed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4583.0,4586.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e These were no beds, these were long plank beds. So, they were separated into compartments. In one compartment, in which, for example two persons had been able to lay, five or six were lying. So, we lay one next to the other, so that we could not turn. And every one of us had, one had a toe cut off, another was wounded somewhere else. And they were afraid that if the pus would increase that I would harm them. There were questions about me. That I had to stay underneath. So after this night, when they had us hide, we were very nervous the next morning, but nobody of us asked something. But then you heard shooting nearby. We heard that the American army was approaching. And the eleventh the Americans came...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4586.0,4658.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e When?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4658.0,4658.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: On the eleventh, um, April, the American army reached us. So, I can still remember the first American, a tankist [Translator’s note: Possibly, he means a tank driver?], who came into our barrack and he told us so. And then we know that we are in God’s hands. We have heard that the SS guards had retreated. We kept on hearing shooting. We were only afraid that the Germans return. One sad evening was for us, the evening of the next day, when we heard, the, um, the sad message of the death of mister president, um, Roosevelt. We were really very distempered, very affected, when we, um, knew, that we owe him that we remained alive then. So, after a couple of days, I was, um, brought by the American army military into a room. They brought us into better shelters. There was a hospital, which had been opened in the barrack of the SS-guards. There we got better food and better clothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4658.0,4750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] This concludes Spool 157. At, um, Wiesbaden, Germany, September 25, 1946, Dr. Leon Frim, who will conclude on the next, who will conclude with this report on the next spool of Illinois Institute wire recording.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4750.0,4775.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wiesbaden, September 25, 1946 in the colony of displaced persons, who do not live in a camp but in private homes. We will continue from spool 156-157, with the report of Dr. Leon Frim, a lawyer from a Polish, from Przemyśl from Poland. Poland?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4775.0,4799.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Poland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4799.0,4799.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Poland.... [In German] So continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4799.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e um yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [inaudible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4800.0,4810.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e We were moved to better shelters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4810.0,4815.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e The sick ones or everybody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4815.0,4816.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e All, all the sick ones were transferred to better shelters, in better shelters. So the SS-barracks were better barracks and there I regained health fast. When I was almost recovered, when I could already stand up, they moved me to, um, Frankfurt, and because there was no space, to Wiesbaden, where I spent some time in the town hospital and after I left the town hospital I spent a short time in a, um, a, sanatorium Taunusheim, where I fully recovered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4816.0,4872.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who ran the town hospital?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4872.0,4875.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e The town hospital was run by, so the town","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4875.0,4883.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e The Germans? [Interrupting]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4883.0,4883.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the German physicians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4883.0,4886.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did they behave then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4886.0,4888.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e They behaved well towards us. They, well also ... was good, the servants, the medical and the other servants. The ones in the sanatorium Taunusheim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4888.0,4905.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e These were Christian German physicians and nurses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4905.0,4908.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, these were Christian German physicians and Christian nurses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4908.0,4912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e They did not show any rhetoric of Anti-Semitism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4912.0,4915.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, never, did we hear something from then, that was, um, that reminded us of Anti-Semitism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4915.0,4924.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, would you, mister doctor, tell me what you’re doing here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4924.0,4929.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e So, then, when I recovered, there were about twenty of us here in Wiesbaden. There were several people here, who had passed through the same tenure, as I had. We had heard that here was again a very big Jewish community. We did, um approach the circles, the, um, the ones that were leading the community then. And then we founded a Jewish community here. At first the community was headed by Mrs. Gutman, a widow of a, um, lawyer from Wiesbaden and then I was, um, elected head of the Jewish community in Wiesbaden. We had elections the beginning of January for the year 1946. And now the community is, um, run by me together with the support of committee of four people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4929.0,5009.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now tell me, do you intent to stay here in Wiesbaden?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5009.0,5013.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don’t intent to stay here. I was forcefully abducted to Germany. I never intended to come to Germany. And I could not stay here, alone because of what bad had happened to me. So, after these experiences, I cannot stay in Europe. The only possibility of life for me is to emigrate. As I have no relatives here. My wife, as I have told you and my son were killed and as I only have relatives in the United States, have I approached them and since April I am making efforts, to get over to America. I have a second profession. I am artist painter and I also know the profession of building painter, that means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5013.0,5074.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Painter?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5074.0,5075.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that um, building painter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5075.0,5080.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, now tell me, where do you relatives live in the U.S.?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5080.0,5083.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e My relatives live in New York. One is doctor Frank Teller, uh, dentist. [Frim uses the word “dentist” in the original. At the time, this was a German word which now no longer is used, however.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5083.0,5093.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Dentist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5093.0,5094.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, dentist, indeed. I also have his address and could ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5094.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Uh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5100.0,5102.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e And then I have two aunts, One is the sister of my mother, her name is Carla Stuch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5102.0,5109.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where does she live?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5109.0,5111.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e She also lives in New York City. She has two daughter, they are my cousins. And then I have an aunt, her name is, um, Regina Burker. I have the addresses of all these persons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5111.0,5129.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now tell me, under which quota do you go to the United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5129.0,5132.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e They took me in on the Polish quota, even though I was born in Austria. I was born in Lemberg and Lemberg was Austrian then. I had also attended the Austrian-Hungarian Army, in the year of 17 and 18 I served for the Austrian-Hungarian army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5132.0,5157.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] This concludes the interview with Dr. Frank, uh with Dr. Leon Frim, doctor of jurisprudence, 47 years old, who lives now in Wiesbaden, how he says temporarily, is head of the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5157.0,5171.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] Um, do you work something here, do you earn money here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5171.0,5174.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don’t get any reimbursement for this. This is only voluntarily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5174.0,5179.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And you are supported by the UNRRA?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5179.0,5181.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLeon Frim:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the entire community is supported by the UNRRA and we distribute it evenly among our members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5181.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Aha, This kind of a corporate is an arrangement, um, Wiesbaden, September 25, 1946. At the home of the new Jewish community, um, the Illinois Institute of Technology Wire Recording.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5190.0,5199.94269"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7967/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/967/original/export_transcript_FrimAnno.txt?1669925403","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/967/original/export_transcript_FrimAnno.txt?1669925403"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["German transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Wiesbaden...Wiesbaden Sept...Wiesbaden, Germany, near Frankfurt, September 25th, 1946. We have here a pec...special type of housing of displaced persons. The Jewish group is not located in the armory nor in the camp but is billeted by the UNRRA in private homes. We are going to interview now one of the members of this community. The interviewee is Dr. Leon Frim, a doctor of jurisprudence, who lives here as a displaced person. We are going to hear now from him personally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.633,53.787"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Also, Herr Doktor, wollen Sie mir sagen, wo sind sie geboren...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=53.787,59.599"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: In Lemberg [L’viv].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=59.599,61.544"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und wo waren Sie und was hat Ihnen passiert, wenn der Krieg angefangen hat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=61.544,68.825"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Als die Deutschen nach Przemyśl gekommen sind, wo ich Rechtsanwalt war, haben sie alle Juden in das Ghetto gesteckt. Alle Juden. Und das Ghetto war gehütet von den SS-Soldaten, so dass keiner hinausdurfte. Man konnte nur gruppenweise die Straßen überqueren, um sich zur Bauarbeit zu begeben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=68.825,106.886"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: In welchem Jahr war das?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=106.886,108.65"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das war im Jahre 41.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=108.65,111.409"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Beschreiben Sie ein wenig das Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=111.409,114.288"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also, das Ghetto hat drei Seiten...drei Straßen gehabt, in welchen die wichtigsten Häuser Przemyśls [unverständlich] waren. In diesen drei Häusern wurden zusammengerottet alle 21.000 Juden der Stadt Przemyśl, welche verstreut früher in der ganzen Stadt lebten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=114.288,139.672"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was haben Sie damals in Przemyśl getan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=139.672,144.843"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich bin meiner geistigen Arbeit entledigt worden, weil kein Jude Advokat sein durfte, und bin an eine gewöhnliche Arbeit gerichtet worden, also als gewöhnlicher Arbeiter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=144.843,160.536"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aber was war die Arbeit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=160.536,162.707"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich habe in einem Bauunternehmen als Maler gearbeitet. Als, äh, der Monat Juli kam, hatte man schon laut davon gesprochen, dass es zu einer Aussiedlung kommt. Wir haben Nachrichten gehabt von anderen Städten, dass angeblich Juden in eine Gegend geführt werden, wo sie ihre Zwangsarbeit ausüben werden. Es hat sich aber dann als unrichtig und als Lüge erwiesen. Das war im Juli wurde...wurde das Lager entsiedelt von der SS-Mannschaft...und dann...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=162.707,208.327"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: War das eine deutsche Mannschaft?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=208.327,209.94"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, das war damals eine deutsche Mannschaft, deutsche SS-Mannschaft. Dann hat man die Leute herausgezogen aus ihren Wohnungen, die Alten hat man separat auf die Seite genommen, man hat behauptet, dass sie den Weg nicht...äh, also in diese Gegend, wo die Zwangsarbeit vollführt werden sollte, nicht aushalten werden, man hat aber nicht gewusst, was mit denen geschieht. Als alle schon auf dem Platz da waren, hat man Schüsse gehört, also und wir haben erfahren, damals gesehen, dass alle alten Personen unter einer Mauer erschossen wurden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=209.94,250.253"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wieviel schätzen Sie waren das, wieviel Leute waren das?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=250.253,253.313"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Damals waren, von den Erschossenen waren einige hundert, und ausgeführt aus Przemyśl waren damals nur so [unverständlich] 5.000. Das war die erste Aktion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=253.313,267.032"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wo waren Sie und was ist ihnen passiert?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=267.032,269.942"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich bin damals noch im Ghetto geblieben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=269.942,273.063"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Warum? Wieso?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=273.063,274.646"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich bin auf diese Weise geblieben, weil nicht das Ganze zusammengefasst werden konnte, es wurde teilweise getan. Also, die Arbeitsfähigen wurden noch für eine Zeit gelassen, und äh, Schwächere, dann Frauen und Kinder wurden alle einwaggoniert...und sie wurden gerichtet über Nacht [unverständlich] in eine Ortschaft, welche Belzec genannt war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=274.646,304.101"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: War dort in Przemyśl ein jüdisches Komitee, und was für eine Rolle hat das Komitee in dieser Selektion gehabt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=304.101,311.367"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Damals war [unverständlich] Przemyśl nur sogenannte, also, Judenrat. Judenrat. Also das hat, das Judenrat hat ausgeführt die Verfügungen der SS-Behörden, natürlich unter Zwang. Wenn das nicht ausgeführt würde, wird die, also, die jüdische Bevölkerung darunter leiden, weil wir damals noch nicht wussten, ob es in den Tod geht, auf jeden Fall auch die Mitglieder der...des damaligen Judenrates. Und es kam auch dazu, dass bei der ersten, äh, bei der ersten, äh Aussiedlung der Älteste des Judenrates, ich glaube er war damals Duldig, das war Duldig, Dr. Duldig, der ist erschossen worden. Dann...ist es zur zweiten Aussiedlung gekommen, und zwar...und zwar war es im Monat November. Damals hat man den zweiten Teil, ich glaube so 3.500 oder wiederum 5.000 ausgesiedelt, wo die haben denselben Los...dasselbe Los erfahren wie die vorherigen. Bei der zweiten Aussiedlung hat man meine Frau, meinen Sohn und mich, äh, noch im Przemyśl-Ghetto gelassen, und wir wurden vom Ghetto in ein Arbeitslager Przekopana unter Przemyśl geführt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.367,433.149"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie groß war Ihre Familie und wie alt waren Ihre Kinder?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=433.149,437.423"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Meine Familie bestand nur aus meiner Frau, welche damals etwa 40 Jahre alt war, und meinem Sohn, welcher damals etwa 17 Jahre alt war. Also, damals sind wir in dieses Arbeitslager gekommen, und von diesem Arbeitslager sind wir in die Stadt jeden Tag zur Arbeit geführt worden. Meine Frau hat damals in der Kasernenküche gearbeitet, also in der Lagerküche. Eines Tages, als ich, äh, eines Sonntags nach Haus kam mit der ganzen Arbeitsgruppe, fand ich meine Frau nicht mehr im Lager. Da hat man mir gesagt, es war eine SS-Mannschaft, und hat alle älteren Frauen zurück ins Ghetto geführt. Ich war sehr darüber bekümmert, weil ich nicht wusste, ob meine Frau wirklich ins Ghetto kam. Als ich es aber sichergestellt habe, habe ich mit meinem Sohn besprochen, wir sollen meine Frau vom Lager herausbekommen...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=437.423,505.064"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Vom Ghetto herausbekommen...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=505.064,505.938"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Vom Ghetto herausbekommen, weil damals schon über weitere Aktionen gesprochen wurde. Es ist uns damals gelungen, und meine Frau, äh...welche ich, welche ich arische Papiere damals gegeben habe, ist mit der Bahn nach Lemberg gefahren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=505.938,525.448"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie haben Sie das arrangiert? Erzählen Sie mir die Einzelheiten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=525.448,529.79"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Eine Polin aus Przemyśl ist hinter meiner Frau gegangen, meine Frau ist bis zum Bahnhof damals gegangen, an dieser Stelle, wo wir gearbeitet haben, und am Bahnhof hat diese Polin meiner Frau eine Karte gekauft, und meine Frau ist damals nach Lemberg gefahren. Bevor sie nach Lemberg gekommen ist, weil sie schon nicht mehr im Ghetto war, und nicht auch auf unserer Arbeitsstelle sich befinden durfte, hat sie viele Nächte, ich glaube drei oder vier Nächte, in verschiedenen Kellern verbracht, ohne zu Essen und ohne zu Trinken, weil sie sich nicht damals hinaus zeigen durfte auf der Straße, wo die SS-Patrouillen patrouillierten, und wenn ein Jude einzeln auf der Straße aufgefunden wurde, wurde er auf der Stelle erschossen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=529.79,585.412"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aber sie hatte doch arische Papiere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=585.412,588.02"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die arischen Papiere hat sie erst von mir damals bekommen, als sie sich zur Bahn begeben sollte. Nach einigen Tagen habe ich durch diese Polin eine Nachricht bekommen, dass meine Frau glücklich in Lemberg angelangt ist, und...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=588.02,606.563"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wieso, ist diese Polin mitgefahren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=606.563,608.779"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, eine Karte hat die Polin von meiner Frau bekommen, eine Postkarte. Äh, ich wollte mit meinem Sohne meiner Frau nach Lemberg nachkommen, und wir haben sogar Vorbereitungen dafür gemacht, um von dem Lager, äh, also zu flüchten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=608.779,628.95"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Haben Sie der Polin bezahlen müssen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=628.95,630.955"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, der Polin habe ich damals nichts bezahlt, das war eine Freundin unserer Familie. Also, nach einigen Tagen bekam ich von der Polin eine Nachricht, welche sie von meiner Frau bekommen hat, und zwar, dass sie zwar gut untergebracht ist in Lemberg, dass wir aber mit dem Sohne absolut nicht nach Lemberg kommen sollen, weil dort schreckliche Sachen vorkommen. Dann sind noch solche zwei oder drei Nachrichten gekommen, und, äh, am 28. Dezember 42 ist die letzte Nachricht gekommen, und zwar sie lautete auf diese Weise, wie sie mir die Polin mitteilte: Weil ich keine Nachricht über meinen Sohn und meinen Mann bekommen sollte, ich weiß nicht, ob sie noch am Leben sind, äh, begebe ich mich von Lemberg nach Warschau, wie sie damals gesagt hat. Ich habe aber damals, äh, der Sache nachgeforscht, und habe erfahren, dass sie damals sich nach Przemyśl begeben wollte, das war, um zu erfahren, ob mein Sohn und ich noch am Leben sind. Das war die letzte Nachricht von meiner Frau, und bis an den heutigen Tag, trotz aller, vieler Nachforschungen ist es mir nicht gelungen, äh, etwas, äh, über sie zu erfahren, so dass ich jetzt beinahe, äh, gewiss, die Gewissheit besitze, dass meine Frau nicht mehr am Leben ist. Ich bin jetzt mit meinem Sohne dann im Jahre äh, 44, äh, 43 ausgesiedelt worden. Die Aussiedlung haben durchgeführt, äh, die SS-Mannschaft zusammen mit, mit östlichen Männern, welche damals auch in SS-Divisionen waren. Man hat uns in, äh, plombierten Waggonen nach Szebnie...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.955,759.222"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie viele Leute in einem Waggon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=759.222,761.242"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: In einem Waggon waren über 100 Leute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=761.242,765.471"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Bloß Männer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=765.471,767.19"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Es waren Männer und Frauen, so dass wir keinen Platz hatten zu stehen, und wir haben, wir sind damals beinahe erstickt, weil alle Öffnungen mit Brettern verschlagen waren und mit Draht, äh, also mit Stacheldraht, äh, versorgt. Erst in Szebnie hat man uns ausgeladen. Dort hat gewartet eine Mannschaft, und der, äh, also, unter Aufsicht dieser Mannschaft haben wir müssen im Laufschritt einige Kilometer ins Lager, äh, laufen. Unterwegs wurde eine Frau, wenn ich nicht irre hat sie Achtel geheißen, erschossen, weil sie nicht so rasch, äh, laufen konnte. Das war alles in später Nacht. Als wir im Lager angelangten ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=767.19,821.035"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Einen Moment. Sind Männer und Frauen zusammen gegangen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=821.035,824.216"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, es sind Männer, Frauen, und auch, äh, beinahe unerwachsene, äh, Leute zusammen mit uns gerannt. Als wir, äh, also, sehr erschöpft ins Lager kamen, da hat man uns einer Untersuchung unterzogen. Und zwar, man hat uns angeschaut...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=824.216,847.507"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Welches Lager [unverständlich]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=847.507,848.804"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Szebnie, Szebnie, das war ein Lager bei Jasło. Wir haben nicht gewusst, dass es ein Vernichtungslager war. Das war doch ein Vernichtungslager. Und zwar, äh, in der Nacht, als wir neu angekommen sind, hat man uns [unverständlich], und die dortige Mannschaft, und auch die, die Judenordner, das heißt jüdische Polizei[unverständlich] im Lager hat das Ganze geleitet, wir wurden dieser Untersuchung unterzogen, ein jeder hat sich ausziehen müssen, und alle hingeben, was er bei sich an wertvollen Gegenständen hatte. Mir wurde damals die Uhr abgenommen, mein Ehering, äh, und alles Geld, was ich besaß, ich habe nichts versteckt, weil uns angesagt wurde, wenn bei jemandem etwas gefunden wird, wird er an der Stelle erschossen. So tat man es auch mit einem, der versuchte, etwas zu verstecken.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=848.804,913.825"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wer war das?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=913.825,915.468"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Den Menschen hab ich nicht gekannt, weil, äh, ich habe nicht alle persönlich gekannt. Man hat aber damals verlautbart, dass bei einem das gefunden wurde, ich glaube Geld oder sowas, welches er nicht gemeldet hatte, und dann wurde er an der Stelle erschossen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=915.468,932.292"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Haben Sie gesehen, dass man ihn erschießt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=932.292,933.649"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, das habe ich nicht gesehen. Also, nachher hat man uns in eine Baracke, äh, in einige Baracken gesteckt, wo wir kaum Platz fanden, um nebeneinander zu liegen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=933.649,949.535"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Beschreiben Sie die Baracke.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=949.535,951.54"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die Baracke war eine Holzbaracke, und die, das [unverständlich] war, also das waren, das war so gedacht für viele Leute, das waren keine Betten, nur lange Bretter, und einer ist neben dem anderen gelegen, ohne sogar einer Strohunterlage. Wir haben so den Frühmorgen abgewartet, und frühmorgens wurde uns Kaffee verabreicht. Am ersten Sonntag hat man einen Appell zusammengerufen. Das war der erste Appell im Lager Szebnie. Alle Juden, also alle Insassen der jüdischen Baracken, wurden zusammengerottet auf einem Platz, es waren unser damals 3.500. Es waren Männer, Frauen und auch Kinder aus verschiedenen Gegenden, also nicht nur aus Przemyśl, aber auch aus anderen Städten, wie zum Beispiel Bochnia. Bochnia war sogar damals sehr stark verstreten unter den Insassen des Lagers. Man verlautbarte uns, dass ein jüdischer Fahrer...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=951.54,1034.309"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ein jüdischer Rabbi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1034.309,1035.982"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Fahrer, Fahrer, also das heisst Chauffeur, welcher den Wagen des Lagerführers geführt hat, also, äh, nach Ungarn mit diesem Wagen geflüchtet ist. Der, das Urteil des Lagerführers lautete, es müssten dafür, als, äh, Strafe, zehn Juden erschossen werden, und zwar zehn Männer und zehn Frauen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1035.982,1066.963"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aber das sind doch zwanzig.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1066.963,1068.546"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Äh, fünf Männer und fünf Frauen. Einer der Häftlingswärter, ich glaube es war ein SS-Offizier, ich habe mich damals in den Farben noch nicht ausgekannt, ist an uns herangetreten, und hat aus, äh, der Mitte der Stehenden diese wählen sollen, welche erschossen werden sollten. Er ist an uns vorbeigegangen und gesehen habe ich so eine Szene: Als eine Frau, äh, bezeichnet wurde als diese, die erschossen werden soll, hat sich eine andere Frau gemeldet als ihre Schwester, hat gebeten, man soll die erstere freilassen, man soll sie erschießen, weil ihre Schwester sei welche, äh, für den Tod gewählt wurde, verheiratet war und ein Kind hatte. Ein SS-Mann, der bei ihr gestanden, hat sie, als sie noch gesprochen hat, erschossen, und auch ihre Schwester, so dass eine Leiche auf die andere gefallen ist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1068.546,1141.857"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Das haben Sie selbst gesehen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1141.857,1142.702"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das habe ich selbst gesehen. Dann hat man die weiteren Leute gewählt...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1142.702,1148.747"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und wie hat das Lager gehießen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1148.747,1150.134"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das Lager hieß Szebnie, bei Jasło. Man wählte weitere Leute, und ich hab gesehen, wie man fünf Juden und weitere vier Frauen niederknien ließ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1150.134,1163.25"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Fünf Männer...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1163.25,1164.32"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Fünf Männer und vier Frauen niederknien ließ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1164.32,1167.938"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also wieso vier, man hat ja schon zwei erschossen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1167.938,1170.501"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, also elf wurden zusammen erschossen, weil die Schwester um das Leben der anderen Schwester gebeten hat, hat man sie auch erschossen, so dass elf [unverständlich] waren. Dann ist einer der SS-Leiter an die Knienden herangetreten, hat ihnen befohlen, sie sollen den Kopf herunterlassen, und hat einen jeden von hinten einen, äh, Schuss abgegeben. Einer von denen, bevor er den Schuss erhalten hat, hat gebeten, man solle ihm das Leben, äh, schenken, weil er doch nicht geflüchtet hat, und er kennt nicht einmal den Menschen, der geflüchtet ist. Also er kann ja für einen anderen nicht, äh, verantwortlich sein. Da hat ihn der SS-Offizier geantwortet: Schweigen Sie, Sie Feigling. Also der hat, äh, sich gefügt und hat dann seinen Gnadenschuss bekommen. Und dieser eben hat nach dem ersten Schuss noch weitergelebt, hat geröchelt, so dass man ihm noch den zweiten, den dritten, den vierten und den fünften Schuss in den Nacken abgeben musste, äh, bis er endlich tot war. Die Frauen waren sofort tot. Das geschah an unseren Augen, zwei Schritte von uns. Also dann...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1170.501,1263.353"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie hat man das erklärt, dass er nicht von dem ersten Schuss, so nahe gefeuert, gestorben ist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1263.353,1269.619"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Es war ansehend ein, äh, starker Mensch. Also er hat geröchelt die ganze Zeit...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1269.619,1277.353"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Geröchelt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1277.353,1277.941"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Geröchelt, also so solche, unartikulierte Stimme herausgegeben. Und dann hat er mit der Hand noch nach dem Kopf nach dieser Stelle gegriffen, wo der Schuss fiel, so dass man sich gewundert hat, wieviel Lebenskraft in diesem Menschen da war. Seine letzten Worte vor dem Erschießen waren [unverständlich]. Das kann ich mich erinnern als wäre das gestern. Mein Sohn hat mich bei der Hand gehalten und hat die ganze Zeit gesagt, Vater, schau nicht darauf. Aber man hat schauen müssen. Weils nicht anders gegangen ist. Nach einer geraumen Zeit...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1277.941,1321.886"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was heißt „man hat schauen müssen“?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1321.886,1324.132"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Weil, das geschah ja vor unseren Augen. Man hat nicht können das Auge abwenden, man war wie paralysiert, das haben wir zum ersten Mal in unserem Leben gesehen. Also, nach... Ich bin damals als Maler in eine neue Werkstätte gekommen, und zwar als Schriftmaler. Für... In einer Woche oder weniger habe ich gehört, dass wiederum ein Appell, äh, aufgerufen werden soll.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1324.132,1359.33"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Haben Sie denn nicht jeden Tag Appell gehabt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1359.33,1362.014"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, dort waren nicht jeden Tag Appelle. Wir haben sogar geglaubt, dass Appelle nur zum Schießen der Leute zusammengerufen werden, weil bei einem jeden Appell wurde wenigstens ein Mann getötet. Also, ein andermal hat man einen aufgehängt, so hängend ist er einige Stunden, also, in dieser Position ist er geblieben und hat gebeten, man solle ihn erschießen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1362.014,1390.658"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also man hat ihn bei den Armen aufgehängt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1390.658,1392.678"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Bei den Armen hat man ihn aufgehängt. In Gegenwart seiner Frau und seiner Kleine. Und er hat gestöhnt, und hat gebeten, man soll ihn erschießen. Und er...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1392.678,1403.985"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Warum hat man ihn aufgehängt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1403.985,1405.598"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Er hat angeblich beleidigen sollen einen SS-Mann. Ob es tätlich oder, äh, also wörtlich war, weiß ich nicht, nur hat behauptet der SS-Mann, dass er schwer beleidigt wurde von diesem Menschen. Ein drittes Mal hat man mich gerufen auf den Appellplatz. Wir waren sicher, dass da etwas geschieht. Man hat uns mit der SS-Mannschaft in schwarzen Monturen, das waren Ukrainer damals, umzingelt mit Maschinengewehren. Wir waren sicher, dass wir alle getötet werden. Es hat aber damals nur 440 Leute gewählt, um sie zu erschießen, das war das Kontingent damals. Also, mein Sohn und ich haben damals das Glück gehabt, noch weiter zu bleiben, wir sind nicht gewählt worden, aber wir haben schauen müssen, wie unsere Kameraden, die neben uns standen, auf diese Seite gehen mussten, welche dann auch einen, äh, camion [LKW]geladen wurde und in einen Wald geführt, wo alle die erschossen wurden. Nachher hat man von uns drei Leute gewählt, man hat denen nicht gesagt, wozu sie hingebracht werden wohin sie hingebracht werden, und die sind nicht mehr zurückgekehrt. Wir haben gehört, dass sie zur Verbrennen, zum Verbrennen der Leute verwendet waren und damit selber auch erschossen. Auf jeden Fall sind sie nicht mehr ins Lager zurückgekommen. Nach einigen Wochen, also es war schon zwei Monate unseres Verbleibens in Szebnie, hat man uns auf den Appellplatz gerufen. Man hat alle Erwachsenen durchsucht, ob ein Jude sich nicht versteckt hat, und auf diesem Appellplatz sind wir den ganzen Tag — das war im November — gestanden im Regen, ohne zu Essen, zu Trinken, müde... Da haben wir gesehen, dass wir von allen Seiten durch diese schwarz monturierten ukrainischen SS-Soldaten umzingelt waren. Es waren zwar keine Maschinengewehre gegen uns gerichtet. Wir haben vermutet, dass etwas Schlimmes vorgeht. Ich hab meinen Sohn getröstet. Und, äh, nach einigen Stunden haben wir gehört, dass nur die wichtigsten Handwerker, äh, welche noch im Lager benötigt werden, zurückgelassen werden, und, äh, als die Namen dieser verlesen wurden, habe ich zu meinem Erstaunen gehört, dass man auch meinen und meines Sohnes Namen als zweier Maler, die im Lager ihre Beschäftigung haben, vorgelesen hat. Also, wir haben uns auf diese Seite begeben, wo diese, die am Leben bleiben sollten, äh, sich versammelt haben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1405.598,1606.725"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun ja, man hat doch nicht gesagt, dass man die anderen zum Tode auswählt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1606.725,1610.328"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, wir haben nicht gewusst, dass jene zum Tode gewählt sind, aber wir haben gewusst, dass sie irgendwo in ein anderes Lager, wie man uns gesagt hat, verschleppt werden sollen. Wir haben nachher erfahren, dass die alle nach Auschwitz hinübergeführt wurden und dort rücksichtslos in den Kaminen ihren Tod gefunden haben. Unser waren 120, darunter acht Maler, und unter den Malern war mein Sohn und ich. Wir sind am nächsten Tag nach, äh, dem Lager Pustkow hingebracht worden, unter Bewachung natürlich. Lager Pustkow oder sogenanntes Heidelager gibt es bei Debica. Dort hat man uns zuerst zur Desinfektion genommen, zur Desinfektion sind auch alle anderen, also zusammen 120 gegangen, und bei dieser Desinfektion haben wir selbst unsere Kleider aus diesen Gaskammern herausholen müssen. Der Ausgang dessen war dieser, dass ein Mensch dort, äh, also, vergast wurde zufälligerweise, weil er zu lang in dieser Kammer gestanden, und unterwegs ist er gestorben, auf den Augen seines Vaters, welcher Tapezierer war. In diesem Lager Szebnie haben wir, also mein Sohn und ich, zehn Monate lang als Maler gearbeitet. Wir hatten damals, wir waren ganz von der Welt abgeschlossen, das war ein nur jüdisches Lager, und in der Nähe von uns befand sich das polnische Lager. Wir sind nie zusammengefallen, nur einmal in der Woche, wo wir baden sollten, sind wir hinübergegangen unter strenger Bewachung in das polnische Lager, und nach dem Bade wurden wir zurück in unsere Baracken geführt. So verbrachten wir die Zeit, also den ganzen Winter und das Frühjahr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1610.328,1750.674"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Haben Sie heißes Wasser zum Baden gehabt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1750.674,1753.87"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, zum Baden war heißes Wasser, aber, wenn, äh, die die Einrichtungen nicht klappten, sind wir manchmal gegangen ohne zu baden. Sehr dürftig waren wir bedingt mit der, äh, also, Bekleidung und mit der Wäsche. Man hat betrachtet, dass wir keine Läuse bekommen, nicht unseretwegen, nur, äh, wegen der, der, der SS-Mannschaft, dass sie sich nicht von uns ansteckt. Also...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1753.87,1791.436"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun, beschreiben Sie, wie sind sie geschlafen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1791.436,1794.617"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also, es waren dort zweistöckige Betten. Mein Sohn und ich, wir sind unten geschlafen. Es war ziemlich rein dort, weil wir die Reinlichkeit unseretwegen schon beobachtet haben. Wir waren froh, als wir nach den Arbeitsstunden in den Baracken eingesperrt waren, weil damals waren wir unter uns, wir durften damals lesen und sogar haben manche getrachtet, irgendwo eine Zeitung zu bekommen und so wussten wir, was in der Welt vorgeht. Die Nahrung war weniger wie dürftig. Also, äh, wir können nicht sagen, dass wir gehungert haben, damals, aber das hat kaum gereicht, um arbeitsfähig zu bleiben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1794.617,1845.074"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und für wen hat man da gearbeitet? Wozu war das Ganze nötig?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1845.074,1848.411"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das Lager war für, weil, äh, Exerzierplatz oder sowas wir haben nicht gewusst wofür und wo, für wen wir arbeiten, es sind Bestellungen gekommen, das hat ein SS-Mann, welcher Lagerführer war und dieser Leiter der Werkstätten, der hat uns diese Bestellungen gegeben, und wir haben diese ausgeführt. Ich war damals als Arbeiter, nicht einmal als Meister beschäftigt, und, äh, am Sonntag hatten wir frei, Sonntag waren wir frei, also, Sonntag war zur Reinigung bestellt, wir haben saubergemacht, und manchmal haben wir uns sogar, das war zwei- oder dreimal, solche Abende veranstaltet, das waren Vorstellungen, jüdische Vorstellungen, also, wir haben es niemandem gemeldet, aber niemand hat es uns auch verboten. Weil das drinnen in den Baracken war...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1848.411,1914.39"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hat man die Leute anständig behandelt, hat man jemand geschlagen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1914.39,1918.898"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Geschlagen wurde man sehr oft. Also, ob es, äh eine, äh, also, eine Ursache zum Schlagen war oder nicht, das weiß ich nicht, ich hab vielmal gesehen, dass ein Jude geschlagen wurde, aber das war so ein gewöhnlicher Schauspiel, dass ich nicht einmal gefragt habe, warum man diesen schlägt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1918.898,1943.607"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hat man auch Sie misshandelt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1943.607,1945.763"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich bin damals von niemandem misshandelt worden. Ich kann mich nur an einen Fall erinnern, der... Ein Jude namens Unger, glaub ich, ein junger Mensch, den ich nicht kannte, äh, ist an dem Tor gestanden, als, äh, Unterstützung der Bewachung. Das heißt, er gab acht, dass niemand, der Eintritt in das Lager hatte, in das Lager hereinkommt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1945.763,1983.089"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Der nicht Eintritt...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1983.089,1984.235"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Der nicht Eintritt hatte. Er hatte auch das Recht, nicht hereinzulassen SS-Leute, welche gerade nicht die nötige Bescheinigung hatten. Das war schon knapp in unserem jüdischen Lager, deshalb ist ein Jude da gestanden. Der wurde verdächtigt, dass er, äh, es erlaubt hat, dass da im Lager jemand mit Schuhsohlen oder sowas gehandelt hat. Diese Tatsache ist festgestellt worden, er ist als schuldig, äh, von dem SS-Lagerführer anerkannt worden, ist in den Bunker gesteckt worden und man hat ihm zu verstehen gegeben, dass, wenn er sich nicht selbst den Tod, äh, macht, wird er, äh, denselben Los erfahren wie ein jeder, der in den Bunker hineinkommt, das heißt, sterben muss er. Am nächsten Tag hat man ihn gefunden mit aufgeschnittenen Venen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1984.235,2046.383"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was war dieser Bunker?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2046.383,2049.745"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich hab den Bunker nicht gesehen. Ich glaube es war eine Art Keller, also betonierter Keller. Ich war dort nie, also bin nie in Berührung damit gekommen. Das weiß ich nur vom Erzählen. Aber von weitem habe ich den Bunker gesehen und weiß, dass der Mensch nicht mehr zurückgekommen ist. Man hat ihn sogar von weitem gezeigt, die Tragbahre, auf welcher man ihn geführt hat, also die Leiche dieses verstorbenen Unger. Im Juli 44, ich glaube das war aufgrund der, äh, Kriegsvorkommnisse draußen, hat man das Lager liquidiert. Man hat uns einwaggoniert, zu 80 und zu 100 Leute in einen Wagen, und hat die Wagen abgesperrt, so dass wir nicht atmen konnten. Wir hatten kein Wasser, keine Luft, und die Fenster wurden, äh, dieser Viehwägen, in welche man uns geführt hat, hat mit Brettern, äh, zugeschlagen. Manche versuchten Löcher in der Wand oder in den Boden dieser Waggons zu machen, um Luft zu schöpfen. Viele sind unterwegs ohnmächtig worden, und an manchen Stellen, gleich hinter dem Bahnhof, äh, Bahnhöfen, wurden für einige Momente die Türe dieser Waggons geöffnet, dass die Leute ihre Notdurft verrichten können. Dann wurden wir wiederum in die Wagen gesteckt, und wiederum gehen wir. Nach zwei Tagen sind wir auf eine Station gekommen, wir haben nicht gewusst, dass es Auschwitz ist. Als wir dort waren, hat einer dieser SS-Wachleute, die uns geführt haben, hat uns gesagt, ihr werdet in einigen Minuten erfahren, was mit euch vorkommt. Wir waren damals gewiss, dass wir in Auschwitz sind, und jemand hat uns dann draußen angerufen, wir wissen nicht wer das ist, ihr seid schon neben den Kaminen. Wir sind nämlich, der Wagen, in welchem wir uns befanden, wir wissen nicht wo wir sind, ist auf dieses Geleise gefahren, welches in die Kamine führte. Da entstand unter uns eine Panik. Es war, wir waren so heiß, dass man ersticken konnte. Alle haben sich ausgezogen, weil es unmöglich war auszuhalten, das war nun Juli. Wir sind nachts dagelegen, viele sind ohnmächtig worden, darunter mein Sohn, weil er mich damals nicht erkannte. Man hat ihm gesagt, dein Vater lebt ja noch, hat er gesagt, nein, das ist nicht mein Vater, in der Finsternis hat er nicht gesehen und hat mich nicht einmal an der Stimme erkannt. Ich habe ihn angesprochen, und er ist dagelegen wie eine Leiche. Also, wir haben alle geschrien, Massenmörder, weil wir wussten, dass wir in einigen Minuten den Tod erfahren werden, und, über welchen man uns schon vielmal mitgeteilt hat. Also, wir sind so die ganze Nacht auf diesem Geleise gestanden, und haben nur Unterhandlungen gehört. Als man die Wagentüre geöffnet hat, hat man uns aussteigen lassen. Damals wurden wir geprügelt, warum wir nackt sind. Das war schon unter dieser Halle, wo man hineinging, um verbrannt zu werden, also...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2049.745,2283.347"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Vergast...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2283.347,2283.799"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Vergast zu werden, ja. Unter diesen Gashallen. Also, äh, man hat uns befohlen, wir sollen uns anziehen. [Stille auf dem Band] Und weil es im Waggon, im Wagen, so heiß war, dass es unmöglich war auszuhalten, und wir wollten dass, dass es mehr Platz war. Es war so ein Gemenge verschiedener Leiber. Wir wussten nicht, ob jemand tot ist oder ob er nur ohnmächtig ist. Damals haben von dem Waggon nachts herausschrien hat, haben wir uns nach verschiedenen Fragen gerichtet, wo jemand etwas finden konnte. Und wenn jemand noch etwas... [Stille auf dem Band] Dann haben wir erfahren, dass ein Unterscharführer, der uns geführt hat... [Unterbrechung]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2283.799,2359.119"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Wiesbaden, Germany, September the 25th, 1946. The interviewee is Dr. Leon Frim, doctor of jurisprudence, 47 years old, and we continue here from spool 156.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2359.119,2377.06"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Also, nun weiter. So waren Sie in Auschwitz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2377.06,2382.41"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja. In Auschwitz hat man uns einer ärztlichen Untersuchung unterzogen. Mein Sohn und ich wurden als arbeitsfähig befunden. Hat man uns in eine Baracke geschickt, wo uns die Nummern eintätowiert wurden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2382.41,2400.828"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was ist ihre tattoo number?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2400.828,2403.376"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Meine tattoo number ist A.180 41.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2403.376,2415.783"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Kein Dreieck, nein?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2415.783,2417.381"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, kein Dreieck. Mein Sohn hat dieselbe, nur die nächste Nummer gehabt. Als wir die Nummern schon bekommen haben, hat man uns zu Essen gegeben. Dann hat man uns zur Kleidungkammer geschickt, wo wir diese gestreiften, äh, Häftlingsmonturen bekommen haben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2417.381,2438.13"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hat man Ihnen die Haare abgeschnitten?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2438.13,2441.251"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, die Haare hat man uns noch in Przemyśl zum ersten Mal geschnitten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2441.251,2446.301"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Am ganzen Körper?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2446.301,2448.442"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, nur am Kopf. Und dann zum zweiten Mal in Pustkow, also im Heidelager, dann wurden wir ganz rasiert, am ganzen Leibe. Zum dritten Mal hat man uns rasiert in, äh, Auschwitz, also vor dem Badengehen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2448.442,2471.643"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Komplett?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2471.643,2472.517"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2472.517,2473.241"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also dann hat man sie doch nicht nur am Kopfe die Haare geschnitten?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2473.241,2475.834"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, am ganzen Leibe. Und dann sind wir in diese Monturkammer gegangen. Dort haben wir diese gestreiften Monturen bekommen, Holzschuhe. Und haben wir uns draußen versammelt, sofort auf Wagen geladen worden, und in eine Ortschaft Gleiwitz geschickt. In Gleiwitz waren vier Lager da. Mein Sohn und ich, wir sind in das Lager... Mein Sohn und ich sind in Gleiwitz in das Lager Gleiwitz III geraten. Das Lager war gemauert. Dort habe ich in dem, in dem Keller eine Werkstätte bekomme und als Maler dort, als Lagermaler gearbeitet. Zu Anfang hatten wir...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2475.834,2533.51"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und ihr Sohn?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2533.51,2535.214"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Mein Sohn hat zu Anfang mit mir gearbeitet. Außer der Schriftmalerei habe ich auch Kunstmalerei ausgeübt, und ich hab, war diese Dekorationen an Wänden, in dem Speisesaal, also, alle vier Wände selbst bemalt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2535.214,2553.199"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: In welchem Speisesaal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2553.199,2555.415"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das war Speisesaal der Häftlinge. War ein großes Speisesaal. Ich hab den Befehl bekommen, den Speisesaal mit Wandmalereien zu schmücken. Also, aus dem Gedächtnis habe ich solche vier große Bilder in Gleiwitz in diesem Speisesaal gemalt, und zwar, äh, Frühling, Sommer, Herbst und Winter. Dann ist eine Kommission gekommen und hat die Arbeit für gut befunden, und, äh, ich hab ein Päckchen Tabak dafür bekommen. Das war die Gratifikation für die Arbeit. Oft habe ich welche diese mit meinem Sohne bekommen, das war aber gewöhnliche Nahrung, wir waren aber damals zufrieden, weil es mein Sohn bei mir so ziemlich gut hatte. Eines schönen Tages hat ein SS-Mann entdeckt eine Ähnlichkeit zwischen meinem Sohn und mir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2555.415,2615.819"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Die haben nicht gewusst...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2615.819,2617.161"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die haben nicht gewusst, dass ich Vater und er Sohn ist. Als er, er hat mich gefragt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2617.161,2623.538"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hat man Sie denn niemals beim Namen zum Appell gerufen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2623.538,2626.538"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein wir haben Nummern gehabt. Wir waren Nummern, nummeriert. Also, er hat mich gefragt, ob es mein Bruder sei. Ich habe ihm gesagt, das ist mein Sohn. Hab ich zur Antwort bekommen, dass es unmöglich ist, hier solche Zustände einzuführen, als wäre das ein Sanatorium. In einigen Tagen wurde mein Sohn von mir abkommandiert und zu schweren Arbeit gegangen. Habe ich den Lagerführer gebeten, man solle ihn wenigstens bei der Malerarbeit, äh, belassen. Und so war es auch, er war beim, beim Malen in den Minen oder sowas, als Lackierer bemüht. Er musste jeden Tag nicht weit zur Arbeit gehen mit allen anderen. So dass wir uns nur mittags und Abends gesehen haben. Wir sind neben, nebeneinander geschlafen. In Jänner 45 ist ein Befehl gekommen, das ganze Lager muss äh übersiedeln, Man hat uns, äh, befohlen die Baracke zu verlassen, man hat uns aufgestellt, und obwohl nicht ein jeder einen Mantel hatte. Mein Sohn hat einen Mantel gehabt, ich war ohne Mantel, mussten wir hinaus in die Kälte und dann haben wir etwas zu essen bekommen. Als wir unterwegs vier bis 6 Tage waren ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2626.538,2723.744"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aber, sie haben nicht im Speisesaal gegessen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2723.744,2726.111"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, nein draußen haben wir bekommen, diese, äh, Verpflegung für den Weg. Und vierzig zu Fuß aus Gleiwitz unter Führung der SS-Bewachung, ähm, also hinausgegangen. Ausgewandert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2726.111,2744.458"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hat die SS auch marschiert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2744.458,2747.096"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die SS-Mannschaft ist neben uns marschiert. Die Obersten aber, die sind in Wagen gefahren. Die Wachmannschaft hat sich immer abgewechselt, so dass wir immer andere Leute als Bewachung hatten. Wir sind aber unaufhörlich, äh, marschiert. Nur mittags haben wir am ersten Tag Rast gemacht. Dann haben wir von unseren Vorräten etwas gegessen. Ähm, meinem Sohne und mir wurde am ersten Tag das ganze, was wir zusammen genommen hatten an Nahrung, an Nahrungsmitteln gestohlen, so dass wir am nächsten Tag schon betteln mussten, bei anderen Kameraden damit sie uns ein Brot geben. So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2747.096,2794.219"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wo haben sie diese Nahrungsmittel äh bekommen, die sie mit hatten? [unterbrechend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2794.219,2797.882"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die Nahrungsmittel habe wir bekommen noch in Gleiwitz als wir uns auf den Weg machten. Ein jeder hat da glaube ich zwei Brot, zwei Leib Brot bekommen und etwas Margarine. Das habe ich am ersten Tag noch gehabt, als ich das dann weil ich müde war, an ein Fuhrwerk, welches äh Nahrungsmittel für die SS Mannschaft geführt hat, gelegt habe, habe ich es nicht mehr am nächsten Tag an Ort und Stelle gefunden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2797.882,2828.612"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja, Sie waren müde, so müde, dass sie das kleine Päckchen nicht tragen konnten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2828.612,2832.894"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ähm, ja, also das war Winter. Wir waren schlecht gekleidet, haben den ganzen Tag marschiert und wir waren damals zu Märschen nicht trainiert, weil wir ja immer im Lager waren. Also, das war der erste Marsch, am ersten Tage am Abend waren wir schon sehr müde. Und ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2832.894,2854.618"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2854.618,2855.146"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Und außerdem mussten wir die Wagen, welche nicht bespannt waren, auf den Wagen, also die Wagen haben wir selbst geschleppt, und auf den Wagen befand sich, äh, Nahrungs- äh, befanden sich Nahrungsmittel, und auch Kleidungsstücke überhaupt das ganze Gepäck der Bewachungsmannschaft. Das haben wir ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2855.146,2876.056"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wessen? [Unterbrechend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2876.056,2876.553"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Der Bewachungsmannschaft.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2876.553,2878.182"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hatten die denn kein Auto? Oder Automo... - Or Pferde?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2878.182,2882.147"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Unsere Kräfte waren ja billiger, da haben wir das geschleppt. Und mitgeholfen mit die Wagen, wenn es auch bergauf, also, zu schleppen, und wenn irgendjemand unterwegs nicht ziemlich tüchtig gearbeitet hat, hat er auch äh, wurde er auch geschlagen, von der Wachmannschaft. Also auf diese Weise haben wir beinahe ganz Schlesien passiert. Wir sind an verschiedenen Stellen gekommen [unverständlich] wie sich die Situation, wo sich die [unverständlich] wie sich die Situation darstellt. Manchmal haben wir auch schon gehört und haben gehört, dass die Befreiung kommt schon. Aber die SS-Mannschaft hat Weisungen von irgendwo bekommen, uns immer zu bringen ein Stück aus diesen Gegenden, welche ihrer Ansicht nach bedroht waren und unser Ansicht nach uns Rettung bringen konnte. Auf diese Weise sind wir marschiert drei Wochen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2882.147,2955.142"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Sagen sie: Konnte man bei so einem Marsch denn nicht weglaufen? Nicht verstecken oder so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2955.142,2959.408"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Unterwegs sind einige weggerannt. Es waren Fälle, dass sie erschossen wurden. Und manchen ist es gelungen. Weil ich meinen Sohn bei mir hatte, wollte ich das nicht probieren. Ich habe immer gedacht, wenn es mir bislang gelungen ist, mit dem Leben davon zu kommen, vielleicht wird es Gott geben, dass es sich zu rechte führen wird. Wenn ich allein wäre, hätte ich dem Rate meines Sohnes gefolgt, welcher mir immer sagte, wir sollen davon rennen. Es war schwer, wir waren ja umzingelt von SS-Leuten und ich war immer in einer Vernunft gefangen. Ich wollte nicht wegen dem Sohn und ich wusste, wenn ich es wäre, dann wäre es auch ein großer Schlag für ihn, also deshalb, habe ich es dabei beharren lassen, und ich bin den ganzen Weg mitgegangen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2959.408,3013.906"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Auf diese Weise haben wir unterwegs kaum nur, auch nur an manchen Stellen etwas zu essen bekommen, Pellkartoffeln und gewaschen haben wir uns die ganze Zeit nicht, wir haben ausgeschaut, schlimmer wie die Tiere. Einer hat den andern nicht erkannt. Also verwachsen, verwildert, schmutzig, nicht gewaschen, ausgehungert, nicht ausgeschlafen. Wir haben manche Nächte, in, äh, nicht in, äh, in Scheunen, ja, verbracht, also, das war nicht deshalb, das wir nicht, dass wir nicht unter freien Himmel die Nacht verbringen, nur deshalb, dass wir nicht entweichen, hat man uns eingesperrt in verschiedene Scheunen. Uns hat man zusammengetrieben hunderte von Leuten von verschiedenen Gegenden, also nicht nur von unserem Lager, aber auch andere Lager sind dort zusammengetroffen. Wir waren in einer Scheune manchmal einige Tausend. Das war so sehr fadenscheinig, und da war eine Schlägerei, weil ein jeder sich um ein Stückchen Platz für die Nacht herumschlagen musste mit seinen Kameraden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3013.906,3089.915"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Unterwegs, davon habe ich noch keine Erwähnung gemacht, wurden viele von uns erschossen und zwar: Wenn jemand zurückgeblieben ist, weil er nicht weiter gehen konnte, weil er ausgehungert war, müde und ganz erschöpft, dann wurde er ganz einfach niedergeschossen, und in den, äh, Seitengraben hineingeschmissen. Manche haben die Bewachungsmannschaft gebeten, sie sollen sie erschießen, weil sie sich nicht weiter bringen können. Bei manchen war es so, wenn er nur etwas zurückgeblieben ist, hat man, äh, behauptet, dass das ein Fluchtverdacht ist, und er wurde aus, äh, aus diesem Grund erschossen. Vor uns sind schon andere Lager vorbeigegangen und haben den Weg gezeichnet mit verschiedenen Leichen. So dass, als wir die Landstraßen passiert, äh, haben, sind, da haben wir in den Gräben viele Leichen in diesen gestreiften Monturen gesehen. Das waren lauter, nur die Juden, ausschließlich Juden. Weil nur die Juden marschiert waren. Wir, auf diese Weise sind wir gekommen in das Lager Groß-Rosen. In Groß-Rosen hat man uns in eine Baracke gestellt, gesteckt, welche noch nicht fertig war. Das war alles im Winter. Um in diese Baracke zu gelangen, mussten wir ein Weg passieren, welcher so fertig waren, dass das der Boden bis über die Knie, aber ganz aus wirklich bis kurz bis über die Knie war gereicht. Wir konnten nicht die Füße herausbekommen aus diesem Boden. Als wir in der Nacht schon in die Baracke gekommen sind, sind wir in Boden niedergefallen und so bis morgens gelegen. Am Frühmorgen hat man uns heraus aus der Baracke getrieben, auf einen Platz, dort haben wir, äh, zu essen bekommen, also Suppe und für unterwegs Brot und ein Stückchen Wurst.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3089.915,3221.58"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie groß war das Stückchen Wurst?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3221.58,3223.736"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Oh, das Stückchen Wurst war so groß, dass wir es auf einmal, äh, aufaßen. Es sollte einige Tage reichen äh reichen, weil wir noch einen weiten Weg vor uns hatten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3223.736,3234.816"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ungefähr wie viel war es in Gewicht?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3234.816,3237.44"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: In Gewicht konnte das 10 Dekagramm sein, 100 Gramm, 100 Gramm. Vom Lager, von Groß-Rosen, hat man uns geführt. Also, die ganze Zeit unter Bewachung, bis zum Bahnhof. Ich hab schon damals abgefrorene Füße gehabt. Sie haben mich sehr geschmerzt und geblutet, ich hab Angst gehabt die Schuhe auszuziehen, die Holzschuhe, weil ich gewusst hab, habe, dass etwas mit den Füßen nicht in Ordnung ist. Ich konnte meinem Sohn nicht helfen und bin so, äh, unter großen Schmerzen weitergegangen. Ich trampelte auf einer Stelle, manchmal so schnell, wenn wir halt gemacht haben, dass mein Fuß zum, also, wenn das zugefroren ist, habe ich die Schmerzen nicht so gespürt, dass, die Schmerzen waren gelindert. Da bin ich einige Zeit gut marschiert, bis das aufgetaut ist, dann haben die Schmerzen angefangen. Ich habe schlecht angefangen zu marschieren, und mein Sohn hat mich die ganze Zeit gezogen. Ich habe immer gehört die Worte: Vater, Komm Vater, Komm weil, die geben schon Acht auf dich. Du bleibst immer zurück. Er hat Angst gehabt, wenn ich zurückbleibe, werde ich sofort erschossen. Man hat uns einwaggoniert in offene Wagen, auf der Station in Groß-Rosen und so sind wir vier Tage und vier Nächte ohne etwas zu essen oder zu trinken bekommen zu haben, in offenen Wagen unter Schnee, in Gewitter gefahren, bi s nach Buchenwald.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3237.44,3347.972"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Mit dem Gewitter, sie meinen im Schneegestöber, nicht?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3347.972,3351.048"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, Im Schneegestöber. Wir waren ja nicht geschützt vor Schnee. Die einzige Nahrung war der Schnee. Einer hat von anderen den Schnee, herab-, heruntergezogen und auf diese Weise haben wir unseren, unseren Durst gestillt. Also als wir an der Station Buchenwald angekommen sind, hat man uns aussteigen lassen. Da haben wir uns erst vergewissert, dass wenigstens ein Viertel in den Wagen geblieben ist. Die waren voll Leichen. Die Dreiviertel sind noch ausgestiegen. Wir sind entlang des Bahndammes gegangen und unterwegs ist jeder, beinahe jeder Dritte ist umgefallen und hat sich nicht mehr gehoben. Die wurden nicht mehr erschossen, die haben so den Tod aus Erschöpfung gefunden. Und der ganze Weg war wie gepflastert von Leichen in diesen gestreiften Uniformen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3351.048,3412.147"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Doch sagen sie, In Wagon, wo sie waren, Wie stirbt denn ein Mann vor Erschöpfung. Was sind die Symptome?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3412.147,3419.806"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also, die haben sich gelegt, einer ist beinahe auf den anderen gelegen. Das waren so viele Leute, dass es unmöglich war, dass ein jeder sich setzen konnte. Also, man ist die ganze Zeit gestanden, wenn man sich gesetzt hat, ist man gesessen auf einem anderen. Da wurde man von jemandem geprügelt. Es war Nacht, Schneegestöber. Am Tag war es beinahe dasselbe. Wir waren schon keine Menschen. Wir waren jeder Moralischen entledigt, also, man hat sich herumgeschlagen mit den letzten Kräften und äh, also das lässt sich nicht ausdrücken, äh, diese Stimmung in welcher wir uns damals befanden. Ich bin nicht, äh, vorbereitet, auf diese Antworten und deshalb, spreche ich nur so von, also, ich kann das nicht so, so, literarisch nicht sagen.... [zögerlich]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3419.806,3481.585"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja, aber ich habe ihnen ja schon vorhin gesagt, wir suchen keine literarischen Antworten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3481.585,3485.55"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Gut aber, es ist nicht, vielleicht nicht so zusammenhängend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3485.55,3489.304"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: das ist sehr....sehr...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3489.304,3492.666"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also, als wir ins Lager, Buchenwald gekommen sind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3492.666,3497.143"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Sehen wenn das alles so literarisch wäre, dann werden sich noch manchmal Leute finden, die sagen werden, ich habe es für sie aufgeschrieben. [Unterbrechend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3497.143,3504.892"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ach ja, also als wir in Buchenwald angelangt sind, hat man uns dort unter einer Baracke stundenlang stehen lassen, weil man behauptet hat, wir müssen zuerst desinfiziert werden. Auf diese Desinfektion haben wir drei Tage und drei Nächte gewartet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3504.892,3526.532"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wo?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3526.532,3526.894"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: In Buchenwald draußen. Man hat uns in eine, also ich kann das nicht Baracke nennen, weil das nur Wände waren, ohne Dach. Das war eine un- äh beendete Baracke, welche kein Dach hatte und so auf dem schmutzigen Boden, welcher ganz nass war, sind wir gesessen, weil wir müde waren. Wir haben alle gebebt und gezittert vor, äh, Kälte. Und dann, äh, wir haben nur einmal täglich essen bekommen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3526.894,3558.615"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also beschreiben sie, was haben sie damals angehabt. Von der Haut an bis oben. Was haben sie angehabt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3558.615,3563.876"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Damals haben wir angehabt noch die Kleider von Buchenwald. Also ich habe...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3563.876,3569.816"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Buchenwald? [nachfragend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3569.816,3570.932"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Von, äh, Gleiwitz von Gleiwitz. Also ich hab eine Unterhose, eine Hose, eine äh Ziviljacke, welche mir einer geborgt hat und eine gestreifter [unverständlich]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3570.932,3589.279"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ein Hemd?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3589.279,3590.108"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Und eine Hemd","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3590.108,3591.284"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ein Hemd. Strümpfe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3591.284,3592.882"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Strümpfe keine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3592.882,3594.359"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was für Schuhe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3594.359,3595.354"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Äh, Holzschuhe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3595.354,3597.043"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was für eine Mütze?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3597.043,3598.355"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: So eine Häftlingsmütze war das.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3598.355,3600.873"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Die war woraus gemacht?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3600.873,3602.516"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das war eine Stoffmütze so gestreift [unverständlich]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3602.516,3606.677"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Die Unterhose war woraus?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3606.677,3608.848"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die Unterhose war eine Zivilunterhose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3608.848,3611.727"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aber ja, war es Flanell oder war es Baumwolle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3611.727,3614.019"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das war einen Art Flanell, die war oft so, ich glaube, gestreift, das war speziell für Häftlinge, die war dunkelblau mit solchen weißen Streifen. Das war zivil, oder ich habe es nur Häftlingswäsche immer bekommen. Also mein Sohn hat eine, also auch Wäsche gehabt, dieselbe wie ich, auch Holzschuhe und einen Mantel. Als wir endlich zu unseren Stationen gelangten sind, nach drei Tagen und drei Nächten, also da hat es so ausgeschaut. Man hat uns ganz nackt, ausge-, ausgelassen ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3614.019,3658.053"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wo?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3658.053,3659.651"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja in einem Raum, in diesem Baderaum, dort hat man uns alle glatt rasiert, am ganzen Leib. Dann zogen wir in einen, in eine, also in einen solchen Pott...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3659.651,3673.587"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Beschreiben sie, womit hat man sie rasiert? [Unterbrechend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3673.587,3675.622"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das waren solche elektrischen Maschinen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3675.622,3678.095"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja, Dann hat man bloß die Haare abgeschnitten, das waren keine Rasiermesser.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3678.095,3680.914"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, nein, nein, das waren solche Haarmaschinen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3680.914,3683.583"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Schermaschinen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3683.583,3684.05"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Schermaschinen, ja, Elektrische Schermaschinen, aber bis an dem Leib haben sie alles glatt geschoren. Dann sind wir in so einem, in so einem Fass, also einer nach dem anderen gegangen, in welchen eine Art Desinfektionsmittel sich befand. Also, das hat so in den Augen ge-, ge-, gebrannt, dass man dann nicht die Augen öffnen konnte.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3684.05,3709.201"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Mussten sie sich untertauchen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3709.201,3710.452"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, ein jeder musste sich einige Male untertauchen. Dann nach dieser Taufe, äh, sind wir alle unter diese Dusche gegangen. Ein jeder hat sich rein gewaschen und von dort hat man zuerst diese, äh, also Wäsche bekommen. Das war schon ganz gewöhnliche, zerrissene, ein Zivilhemd. Und ich habe gebeten, man soll mir und meinem Sohn auch eine Unterhose geben, aber das haben sie abgeschlagen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3710.452,3743.248"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also beschreiben sie, was haben sie angehabt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3743.248,3745.57"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Wir haben nur Zivilhemden bekommen und nichts mehr. Dann sind wir in die Kleiderkammer gegangen. Dort hat man mir eine zerrissene, dünne, blaue Arbeiterhose gegeben. Am Knie war sie, war sie ganz zerrissen. Ich hab sie angezogen, am nackten Leib, so dass mir die nackten Füße, also durch diese zerrissene Stelle sichtbar waren. Und eine Häftlingsbluse, gestreifte Häftlingsbluse. Mein Sohn hat bekommen, eine Häftlingshose und Häftlingsbluse. Und beide haben wir Häftlingskappen bekommen. Ich hab gebeten, dann hab ich mich zu einem deutschen Kapo gewendet, er soll mir erlauben, dass wir wenigstens diese Schuhfetzen bekommen, hat er mich behetzt mit den Worten: Du Jude. Zu Ende, bei Ende des Krieges wirst du schon Fetzen bekommen. Also, du kannst ohne Fetzen herumgehen, hat sich der Jude da erlaubt. Und ich hab das nicht mehr wiederholt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3745.57,3812.686"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Erklären sie; Er war ja ein Häftling selbst.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3812.686,3815.967"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Er war ja ein Häftling selbst, Aber die Häftlinge die uns bewacht haben, haben uns manchmal so schlimm behandelt. Und vielleicht noch schlimmer wie die SS Mannschaften. Die waren ja bekannt für viele Fälle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3815.967,3830.515"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: War dieser Kapo ein Jude? [unterbrechend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3830.515,3832.279"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein das war ein Deutscher. Dann waren wir sicher, dass wir endlich in eine Baracke kommen. Um endlich nach vier Tagen solches Stehens im Draußen, unter ein Dach zu kommen. Also, weil aber kein Platz da war, hat man uns noch einen Tag und noch eine Nacht draußen stehen lassen. Wir haben gewinselt vor, vor, vor äh, vor Schmerzen, weil es war ja draußen schließlich äh Winter, wir haben uns nicht wärmen können, haben nichts zu essen gehabt, und so Not und, allein in Wasser äh damals war der Schnee auf welchen wir gesessen sind in dieser unvollendeten Baracke aufgetaut. So verschmutzt haben wir am nächsten Tag einen Lärm angefangen weil es uns schon egal war, wann man uns verbrennt. Abseits haben wir gesehen das [unverständlich] Krematorium. Mit dem waren wir schon, mit einem Schornstein. Mit dem waren wir schon bewandt, und es war uns schon egal, ob man uns verbrennt oder nicht. Also...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3832.279,3904.257"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: War das in Buchenwald?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3904.257,3905.689"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das war in Buchenwald. Eines schönen Tages, also nach vier Tagen des Aufenthaltes hat man uns in der Nacht zu einer Baracke geführt. In der Baracke haben wir kaum äh einen Ort gewusst, wo wir liegen können. Es wurden von unter uns einige als Chargen erkoren, als sogenannte Buxenälteste/Buchsenälteste. [Anm. des Übersetzers: Mit Chargen bezeichnet Frim Häftlinge, die als Barackenälteste bzw. Buchsenälteste die Aufsicht in den Barracken hatten.] Jede Buchse umfing zwanzig oder dreißig Leute. Einer von uns, wurde zum Buchsenältesten erkoren, zum Buchsenältesten gewählt. Aber sie haben sich auf diese Weise benommen, so wie die, wie die Kapos. Ein Buchsenältester, das war, glaube ich, ein Tschech, damals. Als ich ihn gebeten habe, er soll mir erlauben, oben nicht ganz unten zu liegen, am Fußboden, weil der Fußboden ja ganz schmutzig war, hat er mich an den Kopf geschlagen. Hat er mir gesagt, dass ich meine Stelle nur ganz unten finde. Weil ich müde war, also ich hab mich...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3905.689,3973.349"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Waren denn auch andere mit ihnen zusammen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3973.349,3976.726"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, es waren auch andere zusammen. Die Stärkeren haben sich einen höheren Platz genommen. Mein Sohn und ich, wir waren schon so müde, dass wir kaum auf den Füßen stehen konnten, wir waren zufrieden, dass wir schon unter einem Dach sind. So sind wir gekrochen unten, unter die unterste Schichte also ganz unten am Boden, so dass man den Kopf nicht heben konnte, man musste nur in der liegenden Position, äh, verbleiben. Es war keine Luft, nachts, wenn man aufstehen wollte, da, da hat man kaum Gelegenheit gehabt, ohne Schlägerei mit dem Nachbarn herauszukommen. Also am ersten Abend wurden mir die Schuhe gestohlen und als ich am nächsten Tag dies der Buchsenaufsicht meldete, hat er mich ausgelacht.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3976.726,4028.024"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wurden Ihnen die Schuhe von den Füßen gestohlen oder haben sie sie mit reingenommen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4028.024,4030.391"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, wir haben die Holzschuhe unter unseren Füßen gelassen. In der Sicherheit, dass niemand sie stehlen kann. Als sie gestohlen wurden, habe ich diesen einen, der schon lange Zeit in Buchenwald war. Er ist auf einen Haufen gegangen, wo schmutzige Abfälle waren, hat dort zwei andere, äh, Holzschuhe gefunden und hat sie mir gebracht. Die waren ganz [unverständlich] und ich habe die Füße, welche ganz wund waren, weil sie abgestorben waren, hineingesteckt in diesen [unverständlich].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4030.391,4066.6"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also so saßen wir da drei oder vier Tage. Nach dieser Zeit hat man uns zu einer ärztlichen Kommission gerufen. Wie der Ausgang der Kommission war, wusste ich damals nicht, aber nach weiteren zwei oder drei Tagen, habe ich erfahren, dass mein Sohn und ich als Invaliden in die Invalidenbaracke kommen. Das war die Baracke Nummer 65. Also, weil wir die ganze Zeit keine Nahrung bekamen, und zwar es war, es wurde nur einmal täglich fertige Nahrung verabreicht. Ein Tag vorher wurde beim Appell, welchen wir dauernd von circa drei Stunden bis tief in der Nacht gestanden sind ohne Unterbrechung geschweige denn ein Mahl. Also hat man uns dann die Marken verteilt und für diese Marken hat man am nächsten Tag, äh mittags, also einmaliges Essen bekommen können.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4066.6,4137.24"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Einmal ist es meinem Sohne passiert, dass jemand ihm die Marke gestohlen hat. Dann hat er am nächsten Tag, als er schon an der Fuhrwagen, das Essen zu holen war, bemerkt dass die Marken nicht da waren. Da hat er für 24 Stunden überhaupt nichts gegessen. Ich war schon damals nach dem äh Mittagessen und musste leider von einem Kameraden Essen betteln und ihm dafür am nächsten Tag ein Stück von meiner Ration geben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4137.24,4166.56"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also damals hat sich mein Sohn angefangen schon zu beklagen, dass er Schmerzen in der Gegend von der Niere hat. Also als wir in die Baracke Nummer 65 gekommen sind, hat er nur eine Nacht dort übernachtet, und zwar auf der Seite der Kranken und ich war noch auf der Seite der Gesunden. Am nächsten Tag hat er Fieber bekommen. Aber er hat es mir nicht sagen wollen und ich ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4166.56,4198.834"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Beschreiben sie die Baracke ? [Unterbrechend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4198.834,4200.764"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Es war, ähm, an einer Seite sind die Kranken gelegen [Unverständlich für ca. 30 Sek.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4200.764,4207.412"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie ging es ihnen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4207.412,4208.618"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich mit meine abgefrorene Füße bin auf der Seite der Gesunden, weil jemand sagen konnte, dass man eine Operation durchführen kann und dass es werden kann. [Unverständlich für ca. 30 Sek.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4208.618,4233.923"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also am nächsten Morgen, habe ich von den Kameraden erfahren, warum ich, wenn ich melde, dass mein Sohn krank ist. Und ich hab unter Tränen meine Kameraden gebeten, sie sollen mich in Ruhe lassen. Ich habe denen gesagt, ich will mich von meinem Sohne nicht trennen und wir waren die ganze Zeit zusammen. Wie [unverständlich] zusammen gehören. Da hat mich einer angeschrien und hat mir vor die Augen gestellt, dass der Tod ja auch uns trennen wird.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4233.923,4267.159"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wer hat das gesagt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4267.159,4268.35"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das war ein Häftling, ein jüdischer Häftling. Das hat mir eingeleuchtet. Ich hab mich zum Arzt gewendet, der war ein Jude. Der hat meinen Sohn untersucht und hat mir damals [unverständlich]äh, die Sicherheit genommen. Ich hab gebeten, man soll ihn hier draußen liegen lassen, [unverständlich]. Das haben sie mir nicht erlaubt. Ich habe ihn nur hinausbegleitet und ich habe gesehen, wie sie ihm etwas gegebt [sic] haben. Dann habe ich noch zum letzten Mal...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4268.35,4317.841"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: [Unverständlich für ca. 20 Sek.] ... Ob er eine Meldung von ihm hört. Er hat mich jeden Tag getröstet. Es war ein Pole. Hat mir gesagt, dass er keine Meldung hat. Also, die Sache steht so, dass mein Sohn noch weiter noch in Gewahrsam bleibt. Als ich eines Tages, nach acht Tagen dem Blockältesten gemeldet habe und gefragt, ob mein Sohn schon genesen ist, da hat er mir erklärt, polnisch, in polnischer Sprache: Leider, ich muss dir, muss dir, äh, mitteilen, dass dein Sohn gestorben ist. Dann bin ich zusammengebrochen. [Frim weint fast] Er hat mich aufmuntern wollen. [Frim spricht sehr langsam]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4317.841,4384.707"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ich bin zurück auf meine Stelle gegangen, weil ich schon damals tot erschöpft und krank war. Meine Füße waren, es wurde immer schlimmer. Hat schon zu bluten angefangen, dass ich nicht einmal zu den Appels hinausgegangen bin. Ich hab niemandem gesagt, dass ich in den Füßen Tot habe. Ich hab mich nur auf meine Schwäche berufen und deshalb hat mir der Blockälteste erlaubt, die Baracke nicht zu verlassen, weil er gesehen hat, ich bin nicht im Stande, mich auf den Füßen zu halten. Eines Tages hat einer meiner Kameraden gemeldet, dass es nicht gut, in der Gegend von meinen Füßen riecht. Da hat man mich untersucht und man hat mich zwangsweise in das Revier genommen. [Anm. d. Ü.: Mit Revier wurde die Krankenstation für die Häftlinge in den Konzentrationslager bezeichnet.] Dort habe ich erst etwas erfahren wollen, über meinem Sohn, aber niemand hat mir Auskunft geben können. Dort bin ich zwei Wochen gelegen. Die ärztliche Hilfe war schon zu spät, so hat mir dieser behandelnde Arzt damals gesagt. Dass ich mich vernachlässigt habe, dass die Blutvergiftung schon über das Knie gegangen ist, und da ist nichts mehr zu machen. Ich bin da so gelegen und der Gesundheitszustand hat sich dennoch von sich selbst angefangen zu verbessern, das hat sich immer zurückgezogen, so dass der Arzt hat gestaunt und hat mir Besserung beschieden ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4384.707,4491.666"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie das hat geheilt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4491.666,4495.616"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die Wunden haben angefangen zu heilen. Und, der, äh, dieser schwarze Fleck, der schon über dem Knie war, ist immer blasser geworden. Ich hab können schon auf Füße herunterkommen. Dort sind sehr viele damals gestorben, in diesem, in dieser Baracke, welche direkt in Buchenwald war. Jeden Tag hat man sehr viele Leichen herausgeschleppt. Ich war in der chirurgischen Abteilung. Da waren weniger Leichen da, aber in der anliegenden, in der anliegenden Abteilung waren lauter Innenkranke, also Lungenkranke und auch Magenkranke. Die sind haufenweise gestorben. Eines Tages kommt ein tschechischer Arzt zu mir, welcher mich behandelt hat und hat gefragt, ob hier im Saal sich Juden befinden. Wenn sich hier welche befinden, sollen sie sich unter die Decke verstecken. Als einer gesagt hat, warum, hat er gesagt, morgen werdet ihr Antwort wissen, jetzt versteckt euch. Also, wir alle Juden haben uns versteckt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4495.616,4571.685"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wo?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4571.685,4572.288"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Äh, hinter der Decke. Wir waren in den Buchsen so dicht nebeneinander, dass es unmöglich war, einen zu finden, wenn man so nur vorbeigegangen ist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4572.288,4583.793"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Das heißt im Revier sind mehrere in einem Bett gelegen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4583.793,4586.642"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das waren keine Betten, das waren lange Pritschen. Also, die waren geteilt in solche Abteilungen. In einer Abteilung, in welcher z.B. zwei Personen hätten liegen können, sind fünf oder sechs gelegen. Also, wir sind einer neben dem anderen so gelegen, dass wir uns nicht wenden konnten. Und alle haben, einer hat abgeschnittene Zehen gehabt, ein anderer war an einer anderen Stelle verwundet, das waren ja Leute nach den Operationen. Und ich habe mit den Füßen zu tun gehabt und die haben Angst gehabt, dass wenn sich der Eiter vermehrt, ich nicht einem anderen schaden. Da waren Fragen über mich, dass man auch darunter bleiben musste. Also nach dieser Nacht, wo man uns hieß sich zu verstecken, waren wir am frühen morgen sehr beunruhigt, wir haben aber niemanden etwas gefragt. Da hat man schon aber gehört, Schüsse von der Nähe. Wir haben vernommen, dass schon die amerikanische Armee sich uns nähert. Und am elften sind die Amerikaner. ..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4586.642,4658.333"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wann?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4658.333,4658.756"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Am elften, äh, April ist die amerikanische Armee zu uns gekommen und hat uns damals gerettet. Also, ich kann mich erinnern, den ersten Amerikaner, einen Tankisten, der in unsere Baracke gekommen ist und hat uns das berichtet. Und damals wissen wir, dass wir in Gottes Händen sind. Wir haben gehört, dass die SS-Mannschaft zurückgezogen sind. Wir haben immer weiter die Schüsse gehört. Wir haben nur Angst gehabt, dass die Deutschen zurückkommen. Ein trauriger Abend war für uns, der Abend vom nächsten Tag, als wir erfuhren, äh, die traurige Nachricht von dem Tode, des Herrn Präsidenten, äh, Roosevelt. Wir waren wirklich damals sehr missgestimmt, sehr betroffen, als wir, äh, wussten, dass wir ihm verdanken, dass wir am Leben damals geblieben sind. Also, nach einigen Tagen, hat mich schon, äh, das amerikanische Armee Militär in ein Zimmer. Man hat mich in bessere Unterkünfte gebracht. Das war in ein Hospital, welches eingerichtet wurde in der SS-Baracke. Dort haben wir bessere Nahrung, bessere Wäsche bekommen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4658.756,4750.82"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] This concludes Spool 157. At, äh, Wiesbaden, Germany, September 25, 1946, Dr. Leon Frim, who will conclude on the next, who will conclude with this report on the next spool of Illinois Institute wire recording.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4750.82,4775.558"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wiesbaden, September 25, 1946 in a colony of displaced persons, who do not live in a camp but in private homes. We will continue from spool 156-157, with the report of Dr. Leon Frim, a lawyer from a Polish, from Przemyśl from Poland. Poland?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4775.558,4799.241"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4799.241,4799.633"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Poland.... [In German] Also weiter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4799.633,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Äh ja,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.0,4800.518"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [Unverständlich]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4800.518,4810.709"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Wir sind in bessere Baracken gekommen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4810.709,4815.534"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Die Kranken oder alle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4815.534,4816.454"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Alle, alle Kranken wurde in Unterkünfte, in bessere Unterwäsche gebracht. Also in die SS Bracken, das waren bessere Baracken und dort bin ich schnell zu Gesundheit gekommen. Als ich schon so ziemlich gesund war, als ich schon aufstehen konnte, hat man mich überführt nach, äh, Frankfurt, und weil da kein Platz war, nach Wiesbaden, wo ich noch dort im städtischen Krankenhaus war und als ich das städtische Krankenhaus verlassen habe, war ich noch eine kurze Zeit in einem, äh, äh, Sanatorium Taunusheim, wo ich, äh gänzlich genesen bin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4816.454,4872.701"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wer hat das städtische Krankenhaus bedient?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4872.701,4875.852"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Das städtische Krankenhaus hat bedient, also, die städtische","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4875.852,4883.164"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Die deutschen? [Unterbrechend]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4883.164,4883.842"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja die deutschen Ärzte.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4883.842,4886.918"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie haben die sich dann benommen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4886.918,4888.471"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die haben sich sehr gut damals uns gegenüber benommen. Sie, also auch ... war gut, die Bedienung, die ärztliche und sonstige Bedienung. Die im Sanatorium Taunusheim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4888.471,4905.943"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Das waren dort christliche deutsche Ärzte und christliche Schwestern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4905.943,4908.989"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, das waren christliche deutsche Ärzte und christliche Schwestern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4908.989,4912.833"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Die haben niemals mehr Reden von Antisemitismus gezeigt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4912.833,4915.577"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, nein, niemals haben wir etwas von denen erfahren, das, äh, an, an Antisemitismus erinnert hätte.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4915.577,4924.788"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun wollen sie mir Herr Doktor sagen, also was tun sie jetzt hier?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4924.788,4929.522"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Also, damals als ich, ähm, gesund wurde, waren von uns einige zwanzig hier in Wiesbaden. Das waren mehrere Leute, die dieselbe Laufbahn durchgegangen sind, wie ich. Wir hatten erfahren, dass hier wieder einen ziemlich große jüdische Gemeinde war. Wir haben uns, äh, genähert, den Kreisen, die äh, also, an der Spitze der Gemeinde damals gestanden sind. Und wir haben hier eine jüdische Gemeinde gegründet. Zuerst war die Gemeinde geleitet durch die Frau Gutmann, das ist die Witwe von einem, äh, Rechtsanwalt aus Wiesbaden und dann wurde ich als, äh, Vorsitzender der jüdischen Gemeinde in Wiesbaden gewählt. Es waren Wahlen Anfang Jänner für das Jahr 1946. Und die Gemeinde wird jetzt von mir mit Unterstützung eines Komitees aus vier Leuten bestimmt, äh, geleitet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4929.522,5009.934"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun sagen sie mal, haben sie die Absicht, hier in Wiesbaden zu bleiben?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5009.934,5013.386"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, ich habe nicht die Absicht hier zu bleiben. Ich bin ja nach Deutschland zwangsverschleppt worden. Es war nie meine Absicht nach Deutschland herzukommen. Und ich könnte hier nicht bleiben, schon allein aufgrund dessen, was ich hier Schlechtes erlebt habe. Also nach diesen Erlebnissen, kann ich nicht in Europa bleiben. Die einzige Lebensmöglichkeit für mich ist auszuwandern. Da ich keinen Verwandten hier habe. Meine Frau, wie ich gesagt habe und mein Sohn sind umgekommen und ich nur Verwandte in Amerika habe, habe ich dieselben aufgesucht und ich mache seit April schon Anstrengungen, um nach Amerika hinüber zu kommen. Ich habe einen zweiten Beruf und zwar bin ich Kunst- und Schriftmaler und kenne auch die, äh, also, den Beruf als building painter, das heißt...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5013.386,5074.923"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ausmaler?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5074.923,5075.933"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, das, äh, Gebäudemaler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5075.933,5080.064"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun sagen sie mal, wo sind ihre Verwandten in Amerika?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5080.064,5083.335"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Meine Verwandten leben in New York. Einer ist, äh Doktor Frank Teller, Dentist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5083.335,5093.496"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Zahnarzt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5093.496,5094.22"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ein Zahnarzt jawohl. Ich hab auch seine Adresse und könnte sie ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5094.22,5100.114"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: mh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5100.114,5102.662"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Und dann habe ich zwei Tanten. Eine die Schwester von meiner Mutter, die heißt Carla Stuch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5102.662,5109.868"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wo wohnt die?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5109.868,5111.104"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Die wohnt auch in New York City. Die hat zwei Töchter, das sind meine Cousinen. Und dann hab ich eine Tante, die heißt, äh, Regina Burker ich hab die Adressen von all den Personen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5111.104,5129.919"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Sagen sie doch mal, nach welcher Quote gehen sie denn nach den Staaten?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5129.919,5132.979"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Man hat mich hier auf die polnischen Quota aufgenommen, obwohl ich doch geboren bin in Österreich. Ich bin geboren in Lemberg, und Lemberg war Österreich damals. Ich bin auch bei der Österreich-ungarischen Armee gewesen, habe im Jahre 17 und 18 bei der Österreich-ungarischen Armee gedient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5132.979,5157.263"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] This concludes the interview with Dr. Frank, äh with Dr. Leon Frim, doctor of jurisprudence, 47 years old, who lives now in Wiesbaden, how he says temporarily, is head of the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5157.263,5171.328"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Äh, arbeiten sie hier etwas, verdienen sie hier etwas?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5171.328,5174.645"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Nein, ich bekomme keine Entlohnung dafür. Das ist nur, nur ehrenamtlich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5174.645,5179.756"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und sie werden von der UNRRA unterstützt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5179.756,5181.279"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Frim: Ja, die ganze Gemeinde wird von der UNRRA unterstützt und wir verteilen es gleichmäßig unter alle Mitglieder der Gemeinde.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5181.279,5190.158"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Aha, this kind of a corporate is an arrangement, äh, Wiesbaden, September the 25th, 1946. At the home of the new Jewish community, äh, the Illinois Institute of Technology Wire Recording.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5190.158,5199.934"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["German [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/transcript/7966/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/966/original/dr-leon-frim_de.vtt?1583169587","format":"text/vtt","language":"de"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/966/original/dr-leon-frim_de.vtt?1583169587"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["annotations_frim [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Frankfurt-am-main\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Frankfurt-am-main\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=0.0,53.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=59.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=68.0,106.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. 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It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. 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It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=162.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=209.0,250.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=253.0,267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=253.0,267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=269.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Belzec\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Belzec\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=274.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=304.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemsyl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=311.0,433.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=437.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=437.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=437.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. 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It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=529.0,585.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. 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During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=588.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=588.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=608.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=630.0,759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=767.0,821.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=848.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=848.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Jaslo\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Jaslo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=848.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=951.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=951.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bochnia\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bochnia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=951.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bochnia\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bochnia\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=951.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1068.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1068.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1150.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Jaslo\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Jaslo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1150.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1170.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1170.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1405.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1405.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1405.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1405.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1405.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1610.0,1750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Pustkow\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Pustkow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1610.0,1750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Pustkow\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Pustkow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1610.0,1750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Debica\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Debica\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1610.0,1750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Szebnie\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1610.0,1750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1753.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1848.0,1914.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1984.0,2046.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=1984.0,2046.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2049.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2049.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2049.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2359.0,2377.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2377.0,2382.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2382.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2441.0,2446.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Pustkow\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Pustkow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2448.0,2471.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2448.0,2471.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Gliwice\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Gliwice\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2475.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Gliwice\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Gliwice\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2475.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2475.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2475.0,2533.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2555.0,2615.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2555.0,2615.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ecommandant: \u003c/b\u003eA commander of a Nazi camp. In the death camps the commandant was required to witness every gassing carried out through a peephole, and supervise both the preparations and the aftermath.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2626.0,2723.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2726.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2726.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2744.0,2747.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2747.0,2794.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2747.0,2794.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2797.0,2828.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2797.0,2828.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2882.0,2955.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=2959.0,3013.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3089.0,3221.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3089.0,3221.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3237.0,3347.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gross-Rosen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3237.0,3347.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3237.0,3347.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3351.0,3412.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3492.0,3497.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3504.0,3526.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3526.0,3558.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3563.0,3569.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3569.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3570.0,3589.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Gleiwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3570.0,3589.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ecapo: \u003c/b\u003eA term used for certain prisoners inside Nazi concentration camps during World War II in various lower administrative positions. Capos received more privileges than normal prisoners. They were often convicts who were offered this work in exchange for a reduced sentence or parole.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3745.0,3812.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3815.0,3830.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ecapo: \u003c/b\u003eA term used for certain prisoners inside Nazi concentration camps during World War II in various lower administrative positions. Capos received more privileges than normal prisoners. They were often convicts who were offered this work in exchange for a reduced sentence or parole.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3830.0,3832.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3904.0,3905.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3905.0,3973.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ecapo: \u003c/b\u003eA term used for certain prisoners inside Nazi concentration camps during World War II in various lower administrative positions. Capos received more privileges than normal prisoners. They were often convicts who were offered this work in exchange for a reduced sentence or parole.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=3905.0,3973.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4030.0,4066.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eblockälteste: \u003c/b\u003eLiterally, “block elder.” These were inmates in charge of a single concentration camp barrack.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4317.0,4384.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eblockälteste: \u003c/b\u003eLiterally, “block elder.” These were inmates in charge of a single concentration camp barrack.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4384.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003erevier: \u003c/b\u003eThe hospital ward for the concentration camp inmates.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4384.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4495.0,4571.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003erevier: \u003c/b\u003eThe hospital ward for the concentration camp inmates.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4583.0,4586.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4658.0,4750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4658.0,4750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4750.0,4775.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4775.0,4799.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Przemysl\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4775.0,4799.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4816.0,4872.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Frankfurt-am-main\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Frankfurt-am-main\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4816.0,4872.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4816.0,4872.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4929.0,5009.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4929.0,5009.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=4929.0,5009.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5009.0,5013.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/New-York\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/New-York\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5083.0,5093.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/New-York\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/New-York\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5111.0,5129.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5132.0,5157.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5132.0,5157.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5157.0,5171.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5179.0,5181.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5181.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066/annotation_set/931/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wiesbaden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17611/file/73066#t=5190.0,5199.94269"}]}]}]}