{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vq2s46hn1s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["David P. Boder Interviews Helena Neufeld, August 3, 1946, Paris, France"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1946-08-03"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[" Polish (Primary)"," Russian (Secondary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Wire recording"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":[" neufeldH_9-20 (Local)"," neufeldH_9-20_SLP.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":[" Paris (France) (Place of recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":[" Interview with Helena Neufeld conducted by David P. Boder on August 3, 1946 at the Jewish Committee home for adult Jewish refugees in Paris, France. (Abstract)"," David Boder interviewed Helena Neufeld at an adult home for Jews in Paris on August 3, 1946. Mrs. Neufeld was survivor of the Warsaw ghetto, the notorious Pawiak prison of Warsaw and the infamous Bergen Belsen concentration camp in Germany. Like a number of other survivors, she owed her survival to determination, resourcefulness and luck. Her interview revealed that she possessed both pluck and luck in abundance. As a Polish Jew, Mrs. Neufeld endured six years of Nazi tyranny and brutality. Like so many other survivors, she lost her entire family but not her husband to whom she was married in the Warsaw ghetto. The interview does not reveal how her mother, sister and brother in law with whom she lived in the Warsaw ghetto died. She survived two deportation actions for the ghetto, finally escaping and finding shelter for a time in \"Aryan\" Warsaw in the winter of 1943. She was in hiding in \"Aryan\" Warsaw when she witnessed the battle of the Warsaw ghetto. In the summer of 1943, she was captured and sent to Warsaw's Pawiak prison from where she was deported the Bergen Belsen camp. One intriguing question that is not answered is why Mrs. Neufeld and her husband were transferred to one of the satellite camps Bergen Belsen for Poles who possessed immigration papers from other countries and where they were not assigned to work details, which was one reason they were able to survive in Belsen for some twenty months. They were among those evacuated from Belsen in the wake of the advancing English army and were liberated by the Russians in eastern Germany. Mrs. Neufeld's testimony bears witness to the fact that there were courageous non Jewish Poles in Warsaw who were willing to hide Polish Jews. It also conveys some of the horrendous conditions Jews experienced at Bergen Belsen, which is etched in memory as a site of indescribable human suffering. (Commentary by Elliot Lefkovitz) (Commentary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":[" World War, 1939-1945--Refugees (Topical)"," Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives (Topical)"," World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Jewish (Topical)"," Warsaw (Poland) (Geographic)"," Getto warszawskie (Warsaw, Poland) (Geographic)"," Falkenberg (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"," Bergen-Belsen (Concentration camp) (Person Or Corporate Body)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":[" Neufeld, Helena (Interviewee)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Interviewer)"," Argos Multilingual (Transcriber)"," Holiday, M. (Transcriber)"," Laskawiec, I. (Transcriber)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Translator)"," English, Eben (Editor)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"," interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Inerviewee Nationality"]},"value":{"en":["Poland"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Gender"]},"value":{"en":["Female"]}}],"summary":{"en":[" Interview with Helena Neufeld conducted by David P. Boder on August 3, 1946 at the Jewish Committee home for adult Jewish refugees in Paris, France."," David Boder interviewed Helena Neufeld at an adult home for Jews in Paris on August 3, 1946. Mrs. Neufeld was survivor of the Warsaw ghetto, the notorious Pawiak prison of Warsaw and the infamous Bergen Belsen concentration camp in Germany. Like a number of other survivors, she owed her survival to determination, resourcefulness and luck. Her interview revealed that she possessed both pluck and luck in abundance. As a Polish Jew, Mrs. Neufeld endured six years of Nazi tyranny and brutality. Like so many other survivors, she lost her entire family but not her husband to whom she was married in the Warsaw ghetto. The interview does not reveal how her mother, sister and brother in law with whom she lived in the Warsaw ghetto died. She survived two deportation actions for the ghetto, finally escaping and finding shelter for a time in \"Aryan\" Warsaw in the winter of 1943. She was in hiding in \"Aryan\" Warsaw when she witnessed the battle of the Warsaw ghetto. In the summer of 1943, she was captured and sent to Warsaw's Pawiak prison from where she was deported the Bergen Belsen camp. One intriguing question that is not answered is why Mrs. Neufeld and her husband were transferred to one of the satellite camps Bergen Belsen for Poles who possessed immigration papers from other countries and where they were not assigned to work details, which was one reason they were able to survive in Belsen for some twenty months. They were among those evacuated from Belsen in the wake of the advancing English army and were liberated by the Russians in eastern Germany. Mrs. Neufeld's testimony bears witness to the fact that there were courageous non Jewish Poles in Warsaw who were willing to hide Polish Jews. It also conveys some of the horrendous conditions Jews experienced at Bergen Belsen, which is etched in memory as a site of indescribable human suffering. (Commentary by Elliot Lefkovitz)"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/114/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583169832","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - neufeldH_9-20_SLP.mp3"]},"duration":1854.57125,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/114/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583169832","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iit.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/114/original/neufeldH_9-20_SLP.mp3?1583169832","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1854.57125,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English translation [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] For some reasons the first few words in this spool are missing. This is Spool 9-20. In other words this is a reproduction of the original Spool number 20. Boder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=0.0,80.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Missing: “This is Spool number 20, taken at the Jewish Committee’s home in Paris on Rue Guy Patin on August the 3rd, 1946. The person to be interviewed is Mrs. Helena Neufeld...”]...a young married woman. She understands a bit of English, German, and Yiddish, but she prefers, for fluency, to speak Polish. Eh...[unintelligible] eh, Mrs. Neufeld...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=80.0,95.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Tell me where you are from, and how did you come to Paris? Speak Polish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=95.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I was in Camp Belsen in Germany till the liberation. Afterwards I came to Paris where I have relatives, the only ones who remained alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=110.0,125.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=125.0,126.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The rest of the family in Poland was killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=126.0,129.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And where were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=129.0,131.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=131.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. You were born in Warsaw. Tell me what happened when the Germans came there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=132.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e When the Germans arrived in Warsaw. I remained in Warsaw a short time, till October, ’39. In October I crossed the Soviet-German border. I went to Lwow. There I lived about a year and a half. Then I lived through the entry...the outbreak of the Soviet-German war. I wasn’t able to leave Lwow fast enough, because the evacuation took place very fast. I was trapped by the Germans in Lwow. There I lived through a terrible pogrom which took place in the first days after the Germans arrived. I was in Lwow till [words not clear]...till the creation of the Ghetto in Lwow. Then I ran away from Lwow illegally, to Warsaw, because my family was living in Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You said that there was a pogom in Lwow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=218.0,225.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. The pogrom in Lwow took place a few days after the Germans arrived. The Pogrom was carried out actually not by the Germans themselves, but mostly by the Ukrainians. It was really a bestial pogrom. The Ukr-...Ukrainians simply made use of the old Polish system. They beat people to death with clubs. They killed children. There were many Jewish victims at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=225.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] The Germans allowed them to make a pogrom?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=261.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The Germans? [Chuckle.] It had actually been arranged by the Germans. But the Germans preferred not to take an active part, but they preferred that it should look like a spontaneous uprising of the Ukrainians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=264.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] How did you return to Warsaw?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=279.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Warsaw...to Warsaw I traveled actually as an Aryan, as a Polish woman, a Catholic. However, I didn’t have any documents. Since I look quite a bit like a Jewess, the trip was dangerous. In Cracow on the railroad station—it was twelve o’clock at night—some Folk-German, that means...eh...eh...a Folk-German...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=312.0,313.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish]...a German informer, yes, he caught me. He asked me for papers. I didn’t have any papers. I found myself at the Gestapo, but by accident, thanks to that, that I had met there some railway official, a Pole, a very fine and descent person, I succeeded in getting out. He accompanied me to the station, and I went to Warsaw. In Warsaw, too, at that time Jews were not permitted to go to the so-called Aryan side. They locked me up in the ghetto. But somehow I succeeded in crossing the...the Polish section, and I got in...I got into the ghetto through an opening in the wall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=313.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Were you married then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=358.0,361.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, I wasn’t married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=361.0,362.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You weren’t married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=362.0,363.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=363.0,364.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] In Warsaw you lived in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=364.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. I was in the Warsaw Ghetto from November, ’41, throughout the entire time till the resettlement action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=367.0,379.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Tell me, how was life in the Warsaw Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=379.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Upon first coming into the Ghetto...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=385.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=389.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I cannot describe the shocking impression it had aroused in me. At once I came upon sights which I later encountered much too often, but which I shall never be able to forget. There were many houses in ruins inside the Ghetto. Jewish children were sitting among the ruins, pale, emaciated, like skeletons, thin little hands and legs. And [they] were begging. With thin little voices they were begging for bread. This was, I remember, my first impression. The second, and an equally shocking one, was [the fact] that all the people were wearing armbands on the arms. It was a strange world of people with armbands. But people were behaving as if that was normal. They were moving about...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=389.0,444.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What? [For some reason there is a chuckle in which both participate.] Yes. And how long were you in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=444.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I was in the Ghetto till the moment of the main action, that means till Jul-...till the 22nd of July, 1942. Then I lived through there the entire action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=449.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Wait a moment. Who was with you? Was your father there? Your mother? Who else was there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=466.0,471.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No. When I arrived in Warsaw my father wasn’t alive any more, and my brother had been killed by the Germans. My brother had been very early taken away. In ’40 yet the Germans had taken many Jewish intellectuals as hostages and shot them afterwards. So that I was [there] with my mother and my sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=471.0,503.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] My father died a few months after the outbreak of the war. I do not know exactly when, because I was in Lwow. He was a very frail man. He had lived through the bombing...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=503.0,512.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=512.0,513.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish]...of Warsaw. And he was altogether a very delicate person, and everything that he saw...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=513.0,517.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=517.0,518.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish]...and things were looking very bad, and that made his condition worse, so that he died a few months later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=518.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What was your father’s occupation? What did your family live on before the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=523.0,527.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] My father was a teacher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=527.0,529.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=529.0,529.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] My father was a teacher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=529.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] A teacher? What did he teach?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=531.0,535.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Father taught the Polish language, mathematics, in the public schools for Jewish children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=535.0,542.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha. And he himself, what did he finish [what training did he have] ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=542.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] My father studied in schools established by Jewish synagogues for Jews who wanted to receive a liberal education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=546.0,559.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=559.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] And afterwards he passed a teacher’s examination with a certain Polish professor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=560.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=566.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] He received a teacher’s diploma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=566.0,568.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] That means he died before the Germans entered Poland?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=568.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. He died a few...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=572.0,573.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Where did he die, in Warsaw?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=573.0,574.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=574.0,575.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha. Nu, and...did he die in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=575.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] There was no Ghetto yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=578.0,580.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] There was no Ghetto yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=580.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] So you were in the Ghetto. With whom were you in the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=581.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] With [my] mother, with [my] sister, and with [my] sister’s husband.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=586.0,589.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Where did you live?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=589.0,591.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] We lived on Nowolipia, in...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=591.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] In a house?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=595.0,596.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In our apartment. That apartment...Nowolipia belonged to the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=596.0,601.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha. So you remained in your apartment...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=601.0,604.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=604.0,605.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian]...because Nowolipia was made a part of the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=605.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=607.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] All right. That house belonged to whom? [Pause.] Well, who was the landlord of the house?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=607.0,616.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Nu, there was the owner of the house. Before the war he was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=616.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] A Jew or...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=619.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] It was a Jew. [Words not clear.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=619.0,622.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. And did you pay rent?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=622.0,626.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In the beginning we paid and later on...I don’t remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=626.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] All right. When did you go into the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=631.0,635.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Then the resettlement action started, on the 22nd of July, 1942. At that time...we were hiding a little...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=635.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] In the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=651.0,652.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In the Ghetto itself. If the action took place on one street, we would go over to the next street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=652.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What kind of action was it? Tell me about the action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=659.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Then appeared...the Germans...posters appeared upon the walls, even signed by the Jewish Community Council, that all the Jews have to report to resettlement points, and they will be resettled to the East. Everyone will receive three kilos of bread, a kilo of marmalade. RR-cars will be supplied, and in these RR-cars the Germans...[correction] the Jews will go to the East. There they will be settled in small towns, and there they will work. Next it was mentioned that the Jews who are working in German plants are exempted from this resettlement. Next, the workers in the Jewish Community Council...I don’t remember. My husband...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=662.0,712.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And there, what...Were there any hospitals in the Ghetto? Were there doctors?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=712.0,716.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. There were hospitals in the Ghetto. There were doctors. Only the sick were dying simply of hunger. There was little medicine. Even if they did succeed in curing a sick person, there still was no food to nurse him back to health, so that there was a very high mortality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=716.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And where to...where were the people buried?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=735.0,738.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] What is that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=738.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Where were they buried? [In German] Where were they buried?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=740.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Oh. People were buried in the Jewish cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=743.0,747.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German/English] Was...was the Jewish cemetery inside the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=747.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The Jewish cemetery was a little outside the Ghetto, but passes could be gotten, and one could...even the family could accompany the deceased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=755.0,767.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=767.0,767.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. And they could be buried in the cemetery on Gesia [Street] , in the old Jewish cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=767.0,773.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=773.0,773.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The poor were buried in communal graves. There were huge communal graves, because the mortality toward the end was around five thousand people a month, and those who could afford it were buried in individual graves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=773.0,790.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. Nu? Afterwards how did you leave the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=790.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Afterwards, after the first action, I remained, because there was...there had remained around forty thousand Jews after the first action. Of them a part was left in a few German plants in which were manufactured uniforms for the army, shoes, fur coats, and so forth. I was able to hide myself. I was working there in a kind of factory dispensary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=795.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=829.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I was in the Ghetto till January, ’43. In January the second action broke out, and in January I escaped to the Aryan side during the course of the second action. Also the escape was very dangerous, but we drove out in a factory truck. I pretending to be a worker of that factory. There was a check point, that means a gate in the wall. There stood German gendarmes checking on everybody leaving the Ghetto. Well, just as the truck was driving out, as SS patrol which was carrying out the action drove by. Everybody was told to get out of the truck. We were searched. I was the only woman. All the men were sure that I would be taken away to the distribution depot. That was the assembly place where all the Jews were being assembled. But for some strange reason they permitted me to get back on the truck, and we drove away. Near Pulaski Street the truck stopped. I had friends there, Aryans. I got out of the truck, and in this way I left the Ghettov.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What happened then? Continue, please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=912.0,916.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Nu, it was very difficult for me to hide, because I have a very Semitic appearance. The Poles with whom I was hiding received me well, but I had to change my lodgings several times. The last time I was living on Muranowski Street right across from the Ghetto. Well, and that is how I was able to see the German action of April, ’43, the uprising of the Warsaw Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=916.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=949.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Because our windows...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=950.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did you live there during the uprising?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=951.0,953.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e I lived vis-a-vis. I saw [it]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=953.0,955.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, you saw [it] Now tell about the uprising.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=955.0,958.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Our windows faced directly the corner of Muranowska and Nalewki Streets. In this way we could observe the whole Muranowska Square, part of Nalewki [Street] , and, I think, Mila Street which led precisely to that distribution depot where all the Jews were assembled. So that I was able to see all the Jewish convoys which the Germans were leading to the distribution depot. On the 18th of April in the morning shots were suddenly heard. We didn’t know what was going on. We went over to the windows. We saw that the wall of the Ghetto was thickly surrounded by numerous patrols. Each patrol ordinarily consisted of one German, one Ukrainian, and one Polish policeman. The patrols were ten, fifteen feet apart, and I don’t remember if each or every other patrol had a machine gun. We knew right away that an action in the Ghetto was in the offing, because every action always began by just such an encirclement of the entire wall. Well, and there began a regular battle, a very furious battle. At first we heard machine guns, then grenades. Suddenly we heard a familiar...I heard a familiar noise, but I couldn’t believe that they were tanks. I looked on Nalewki [Street] , and there, indeed, two German tanks were slowly driving into Nalewki. Well, that meant the end of the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=958.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Tell me, what happened to you afterwards? How long were you in Warsaw, and how did you get out of Warsaw?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1085.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Afterwards I was still hiding for some time, but it was very difficult for me to hide. Later on the Germans took us to...took me to the lager, to Bergen-Belsen. This was in July in the year ’43. In this lager I was twenty months, over twenty months, till around the 13th of April of the year ’45. At that time they started to evacuate the camp. It seemed that the English were approaching. We were evacuated on the 10th of April. Two weeks I was in the train, until the 23rd of April.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1091.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You were evacuated from Belsen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1137.0,1139.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1139.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Who?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1140.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The Germans. The Germans were in the habit of evacuating all the camps which the English or the Americans were approaching, provided they had time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1141.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1149.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] They began to evacuate Belsen, too, and I was evacuated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1149.0,1153.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did they know in Belsen that you are a Jewess?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1153.0,1156.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. In Belsen there were very many Jews. There were Polish Jews, Hungarian Jews, Rumanian Jews, Yugoslavian, Dutch Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1156.0,1169.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha. How long were you in Belsen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1169.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Over twenty months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1174.0,1176.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] How many?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1176.0,1177.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e Over twenty months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1177.0,1179.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Twenty months?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1179.0,1180.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1180.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Tell me about the life in Belsen. How were you living in your block and so forth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1181.0,1187.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1187.0,1189.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did you work in Belsen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1189.0,1190.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, we didn’t...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1190.0,1191.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1191.0,1191.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish]...work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1191.0,1191.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] That means you didn’t work for twenty months?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1191.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1194.0,1195.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] How many people were in a block?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1195.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In the beginning there were...we were kept separately, the Polish Jews. This was a group of over two thousand five hundred persons, in the beginning. Later on they began...in October, after three months, they sent out over a thousand people from our group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1198.0,1221.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1221.0,1222.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] About two thousand people. Later we found out that they were sent to Auschwitz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1222.0,1228.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] How did you sleep there in the barracks?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1228.0,1231.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In the beginning conditions were still a little better. It wasn’t that crowded, and every one of us had his plank bed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1231.0,1238.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1238.0,1239.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] But the plank beds were two-tiered, a lower one and an upper one, very closely set. One couldn’t turn around. The spaces between them were very narrow. This fatigued us very much. We covered ourselves with blankets. We had such paillasses. We received a soup, bread, sometimes a little margarine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1239.0,1263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What did you do all day?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1263.0,1265.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Nothing, nothing. Our group didn’t work. There were groups which worked, and which didn’t work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1265.0,1272.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did you know in Belsen that woman...What was she called?...eh...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1272.0,1278.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Irma...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1278.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Irma Gray, or...[reference to Irma Grese]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1279.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, I didn’t know her, but I knew the Commandant Kramer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1280.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You did know Kramer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1284.0,1285.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. I saw him a few times. In the beginning we had a different Commandant, Kass [?] , and afterwards Kramer took his place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1285.0,1294.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1294.0,1295.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1295.0,1296.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. And you, were you in good health in Belsen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1296.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No. In Belsen...I arrived in Belsen already sick, because I had been in prison for two weeks in Warsaw, in the Pawiak [Prison]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1300.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1308.0,1309.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Well, and besides, I had gone through a great deal during the time when I was hiding. I arrived sick, and later on...everybody was sick, because we got very little food, so that everybody was very weak. At first we received food. Later on it became worse and worse. The first year we lived through somehow, even though during the winter we lived in stone barracks. It was cold. The roofs were leaky. Water was pouring in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1309.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. Tell me, if anybody got sick what did they do then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1350.0,1357.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] There were...among the prisoners there were doctors. They treated the sick, and besides that there was a large hospital. In case there were any serious cases it was reported to the German doctor. Well, and the sick were taken to the hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1357.0,1377.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. And later on you were evacuated from Belsen. Where to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1377.0,1383.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The train was traveling there and back, there and back. Because all the roads were out and were bombed. Railroad stations were burning, so that...the train was supposed to go to Theresenstadt, to Czechoslovakia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1383.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] Czech—...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1398.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. But it didn’t travel very far, because the engineer couldn’t run the train on the bombed out roads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1398.0,1407.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. [Words not clear.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1407.0,1408.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] There were air raids. No? There were air raids. We were bombed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1408.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You didn’t go to Theresenstadt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1411.0,1413.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1413.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1414.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] We were of course...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1414.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And who liberated you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1414.0,1416.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The Russians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1416.0,1417.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] The Russians?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1417.0,1418.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1418.0,1419.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] The Russians liberated you. Tell [me] , how did it happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1419.0,1424.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] During one...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1424.0,1425.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Were you in trains?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1425.0,1427.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] We were in RR-cars, in a freight car, even during the night. All night the train was standing. It was even quite peaceful. From afar shots could be heard, but there was no air raid. Early in the morning, around six, someone ran past our RR-car and said, ‘The Russians are already here.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1427.0,1451.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1451.0,1452.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] The Germans had already run away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1452.0,1453.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did the Russians feed you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1453.0,1456.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. Then all the people ran out of the RR-cars, and there really were two Russian soldiers on horses. And they said, ‘You can leave the RR-cars now. Everybody can go to the village. There you will find...go into the houses. There...’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1456.0,1474.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] In what town was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1474.0,1476.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] It was...somewhat around Falkenburg, near Theresenstadt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1476.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1483.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] A small town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1483.0,1484.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] All right. After the liberation where did you go from there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1484.0,1488.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] We were very sick then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1488.0,1491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Your sister was with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1491.0,1492.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, there was no one from my family, no one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1492.0,1494.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1494.0,1495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Then we went to the nearest German village. There we went into a German house. First of all we bathed and climbed into beds and [chuckle] lay in the beds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1495.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. And from there where did you go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1507.0,1511.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] We lay...a month’s time we lay there, because we had no strength to walk. We were very weak, and afterwards I went to Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1511.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Why did you go to Paris? You have...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1523.0,1524.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Because in Poland I had no family. I knew, of course, my mother had perished during the action. And my sister I also knew had perished. So that I went to Paris where I have family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1524.0,1538.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You do have family in Paris?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1538.0,1540.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I have two [female] cousins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1540.0,1541.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You have two cousins here...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1541.0,1543.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1543.0,1543.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian]...in Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1543.0,1544.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1544.0,1544.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And what do you intend to...Where did you get married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1544.0,1549.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I got married in the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1549.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Oh! You got married in the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1553.0,1555.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1555.0,1555.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And what happened to your husband?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1555.0,1556.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] My husband was also in a lager.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1556.0,1559.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1559.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] He was also...he was in Belsen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1560.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Oh. They sent men and women. Did the Germans know that he was your husband?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1562.0,1566.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. Yes, they knew that he was my husband.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1566.0,1571.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And he went with you together all the time, and arrived in Belsen? And from Belsen you were evacuated...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1571.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In Belsen, there we lived separately. And then we were again together. And then we were evacuated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1577.0,1583.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And you were together...And when the Russsians arrived you were together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1583.0,1586.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. Everybody...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1586.0,1587.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes, you were together. And then you two decided to go to Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1587.0,1591.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1591.0,1592.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] How did you travel? Did you have money?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1592.0,1594.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, we had no money whatsoever, but we traveled without money all the time. In military cars and later in trains for the repatriates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1594.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did they allow you to enter France, or you...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1606.0,1608.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] They let us in. I speak a little French, and I have family in Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1608.0,1612.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Where did you learn to speak French?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1612.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I learned it in school yet. I liked the French language very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1614.0,1617.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did you attend the gymnasium in Warsaw?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1617.0,1619.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1619.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. And where did your husband study?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1620.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Also in Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1622.0,1623.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] How come he knows English?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1623.0,1626.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] He studied English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1626.0,1628.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha, and what does your husband do in Paris?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1628.0,1632.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Well, in the beginning we didn’t do anything. We weren’t feeling well. Now he is working a little as an interpreter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1632.0,1641.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha, and what do you intend to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1641.0,1644.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] We don’t know yet. It is a very hard decision. We have friends in America who want us very much to come over. I don’t have any family anywhere else. Maybe I will remain in Paris. We don’t know yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1644.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha. You have relatives in America?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1656.0,1658.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Just girl friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1658.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] In America I have friends, a girl friend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1662.0,1664.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] But you have no relatives. And your husband, what is his occupation? What does he do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1664.0,1668.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] He was working as an interpreter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1668.0,1670.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What is that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1670.0,1671.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] With the Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1671.0,1673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] With the Americans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1673.0,1674.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Here. In Americans institutions, because he knows English.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1674.0,1678.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What institutions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1678.0,1679.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I don’t even know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1679.0,1681.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] For the American government or for Jewish organizations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1681.0,1685.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, no. They aren’t...I don’t know whether for Polish or for American.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1685.0,1690.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. He is working for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1690.0,1693.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1693.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] And he will return home by ten o’clock?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1694.0,1695.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes. He will return...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1695.0,1697.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] [Words not clear.] Tell me, in Belsen did you have any songs which the prisoners were singing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1697.0,1706.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] We?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1706.0,1707.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1707.0,1709.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Songs? Very few...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1709.0,1711.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Yes. Jewish or...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1711.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes, there were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1713.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian]...new songs which were composed there in the lager?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1715.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, no, no, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1718.0,1721.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You don’t know any?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1721.0,1722.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, no. By us...Of course, people wrote verse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1722.0,1726.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1726.0,1726.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Verse. [In Russian] Verse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1726.0,1728.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] People wrote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1728.0,1729.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1729.0,1729.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did you also write poetry? Do you know any?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1729.0,1731.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No, I didn’t write [any] Maybe my husband will remember some.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1731.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Do you know any?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1735.0,1737.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1737.0,1738.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] You don’t know any.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1738.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Well, this concludes the record of Mrs. Helena Neufeld. She insists on making her record in Polish. She is apparently conscious about her language. And she is saying that she married her husband in the ghetto of Warsaw. And it so happened that during all the deportations they were together. August the 3rd, 1946. Paris. The home for adult Jews...After concluding the record, how so many...how [it] often happens, you have some new data. On the question ‘What is she working in?’ she tells me she is a dentist, graduated from Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1740.0,1796.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] When did you study dentistry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1796.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] [Words not clear.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1802.0,1804.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] When did you study in Warsaw? How long ago?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1804.0,1807.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] I studied from 1931 to the end of 1935. From 1931 to the end of 1935.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1807.0,1819.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] How old are you now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1819.0,1821.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e Thirty-three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1821.0,1823.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] Trzydzieści trzy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1823.0,1825.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Did you enter a technical school in Warsaw? When? Right after the gymnasium?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1825.0,1831.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] No. I really didn’t want to study for a dentist. One year I studied Romantics, I wanted to travel abroad, to France, but my parents insisted that I study for a dentist, so then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1831.0,1847.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1847.0,1848.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish]...after a year, after...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1848.0,1849.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Where are you working here? For a dentist, or are you working for yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1849.0,1855.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8045/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eHelena Neufeld:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Polish] For myself. I can’t [words not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1855.0,1854.57125"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Polish and Russian transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] For some reason, the first few words on this spool are missing. This is Spool 9-20. In other words, it is a reproduction of the original Spool number 20. Boder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=0.594,80.208"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: . . . a young married woman, she understands a bit English, German, and Yiddish, but she prefers for fluency to speak Polish. Eh...[unintelligible] eh, Mrs. Neufeld...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=80.208,95.631"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Расскажите мне, откуда вы и [неразборчиво] как вы попали в Париж? Говорите по-польски.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=95.631,110.167"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Byłam w obozie w Belsen w Niemczech do wyzwolenia, potem przyjechałam do Paryża, gdzie mam moją rodzinę, jedyną, która pozostała mi przy życiu. Ponieważ cała rodzina w Polsce zginęła.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=110.167,129.448"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А где вы родились?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=129.448,131.378"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] W Warszawie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=131.378,132.614"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы родились в Варшаве и в каком году? Расскажите мне все, что случилось в таком времени, как немцы пришли сюда.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=132.614,142.981"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Kiedy Niemcy przyszli do Warszawy, byłam w Warszawie jeszcze krótki czas do października czterdz...trzydziestego dziewiątego roku. W październiku przeszłam granicę sowiecko-niemiecką. Pojechałam do Lwowa. Tam mieszkałam półtorej roku blisko. Przeżyłam następnie wkroczenie...wybuch wojny sowiecko-niemieckiej. Nie zdążyłam już uciec ze Lwowa, ponieważ ewakuacja odbywała się bardzo szybko. Niemcy zaskoczyli mnie we Lwowie. Tam przeżyłam straszny pogrom, który miał miejsce w pierwszych dniach po wkroczeniu Niemców. Byłam we Lwowie do chwili utwo..., kiedy zaprojektowano utworzenie getta lwowskiego. Wtedy uciekłam ze Lwowa, nielegalnie, do Warszawy, ponieważ w Warszawie znajdowała się moja rodzina.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.981,218.818"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы говорите, что был погром в Львове?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=218.818,225.331"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] We Lwowie był pogrom w kilka dni po wkroczeniu Niemców. Pogrom był dokonany właściwie nie przez samych Niemców, ale głównie przez Ukraińców...był to prawdziwie bestialski pogrom. Ukraińcy, Ukraińcy posługiwali się po prostu starym chłopskim systemem. Zabijali pałkami ludzi na śmierć, zabijali dzieci. Było wtedy bardzo wiele ofiar wśród Żydów.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=225.331,261.346"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А немцы позволили им этот погром?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=261.346,264.271"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Niemcy...to było właściwie zaaranżowane przez Niemców, ale Niemcy woleli nie występować jawnie sami, tylko woleli, żeby to wyglądało jako spontaniczny odruch Ukraińców.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=264.271,279.603"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А как вы вернулись в Варшаву?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=279.603,283.206"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Do Warszawy jechałam właściwie jako Aryjka, jako Polka, katoliczka, ale nie miałam żadnych dokumentów, przy czym jestem dosyć podobna do Żydówki, więc droga była bardzo niebezpieczna. W Krakowie na dworcu, to było o dwunastej w nocy, jakiś volksdeutsche, to znaczy volksdeutsche, szpicel niemiecki, tak, złapał mnie, pytał mnie o papiery. Nie miałam żadnych papierów. Znalazłam się na gestapo, ale przypadkiem, dzięki temu, że napotkałam tam na jakiegoś urzędnika kolejowego, Polaka...bardzo miłego i przyzwoitego człowieka, udało mi się wydostać. Odprowadził mnie na dworzec i pojechałam do Warszawy. W Warszawie już wtedy też nie wolno było Żydom poruszać się po tak zwanej aryjskiej stronie. Byli zamknięci w getcie. No, ale jakoś udało mi się przejść przez tą...przez dzielnicę polską i dostałam się do...dostałam się do getta przez jakąś dziurę w murze.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.206,358.279"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А вы что, были уже замужем тогда?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=358.279,361.581"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, nie byłam zamężna, nie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=361.581,362.38"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Нет, вы не были замужем. Конечно. А вот в Варшаве вы, значит, жили в гетто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=362.38,367.733"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, w Warszawie byłam w getcie od listopada czterdziestego pierwszego roku. Przez cały czas, aż do akcji wysiedleńczej.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=367.733,379.778"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Расскажите мне, как была жизнь в варшавском гетто.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=379.778,385.175"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Kiedy pierwszy raz znalazłam się w getcie, nie mogę opisać, jak wstrząsające wrażenie to wywołało na mnie. Od razu natknęłam się na takie widoki, z którymi już później się oswoiłam, ale o których nigdy nie mogę zapomnieć. Było wiele zburzonych domów w getcie. We wnękach murów siedziały dzieci żydowskie, blade, wychudzone, jak szkielety. Cieniutkie rączki, nóżki...i żebrały, cienkimi głosikami błagały o chleb. To było, pamiętam, pierwsze moje wrażenie. Drugie, równie wstrząsające, to było to, że wszyscy ludzie nosili opaski na ręku. To był jakiś dziwny świat ludzi z opaskami, ale ludzie ci zachowywali się jak normalni, porusza...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=385.175,444.771"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ну и как [неразборчиво] в гетто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=444.771,449.505"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] W getcie byłam do chwili głównej akcji, to znaczy do lip...do dwudziestego drugiego lipca czterdziestego drugiego roku. Następnie przeżyłam tą całą akcję.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=449.505,466.57"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Скажите мне, кто была с вами...был ваш отец, мать...где все эти были?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=466.57,471.694"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, kiedy przyjechałam do Warszawy, ojciec mój już nie żył, a brat został zabity przez Niemców. Brat był bardzo wcześnie zabrany, ponieważ jeszcze, zdaje się w czterdziestym roku, Niemcy wzięli wielu inteligentów żydowskich jako zakładników i później ich rozstrzelali. Tak że byłam z matką i z siostrą.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=471.694,496.508"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А где ваш отец был э-э-э...сперва э-э-э...как э-э-э...ваш отец...что...умер сперва или что?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=496.508,503.263"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ojciec umarł w parę miesięcy po wybuchu wojny. Dokładnie nie wiem, bo byłam we Lwowie. Był bardzo słabym człowiekiem, przeżył bombardowanie Warszawy...I w ogóle był człowiekiem bardzo delikatnym i to wszystko, co widział, wpływało bardzo źle i pogorszyło to jego stan tak, że umarł w kilka miesięcy potem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=503.263,523.676"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А чем ваш отец занимался? С чего ваша семья жила до войны?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=523.676,527.023"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ojciec był nauczycielem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=527.023,529.269"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Что?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=529.269,529.902"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ojciec był nauczycielem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=529.902,531.983"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Это что? Учителем? И что учил?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=531.983,535.224"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ojciec uczył języka polskiego, matematyki w szkołach powszechnych dla dzieci żydowskich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=535.224,542.249"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ага. А сам он что окончил?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=542.249,546.621"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ojciec mój uczył się na kursach zorganizowanych przez synagogę żydowską, dla Żydów, którzy chcieli się uczyć nauk świeckich, a potem zdawał egzamin nauczycielski u jakiegoś profesora polskiego. Otrzymał dyplom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=546.621,568.722"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И он умер, значит, после того, как немцы пришли в Польшу...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=568.722,572.235"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, umarł w parę miesięcy po tym.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=572.235,573.004"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Он где умер? В Варшаве?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=573.004,574.406"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak umarł w Warszawie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=574.406,575.371"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ну...а...в гетто он умер?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=575.371,578.642"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...jeszcze nie było getta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=578.642,580.451"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Jeszcze nie...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=580.451,581.657"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ну, значит, вы были в гетто и с кем вы были в гетто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=581.657,586.15"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...z matką, z siostrą i z mężem siostry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=586.15,589.723"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И где вы жили там?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=589.723,591.969"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Myśmy żyli na Nowolipiu w domu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=591.969,595.165"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] В доме?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=595.165,596.552"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...w naszym mieszkaniu, ponieważ to mieszka...Nowolipie należało do getta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=596.552,601.979"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А...значит, вы остались в своем доме, потому что [неразборчиво] сделали часть гетто. Хорошо.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=601.979,607.467"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=607.467,607.708"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А этот дом принадлежал кому? [неразборчиво] Кто был хозяин дома?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=607.708,616.226"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] No był właściciel domu, przed wojną...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=616.226,619.091"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Еврей или...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=619.091,619.95"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] To był Żyd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=619.95,622.061"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Да. И вы платили за квартиру?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=622.061,626.719"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...z początku płaciliśmy, a potem...ja nie pamiętam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=626.719,631.332"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Хорошо. Когда вы, значит, вышли из гетто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=631.332,635.131"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Potem zaczęła się akcja wysiedleńcza w dwudzie...dwudziestego drugiego lipca czterdziestego drugiego roku...wtedy ukrywaliśmy się trochę.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=635.131,651.435"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] В гетто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=651.435,652.432"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] W samym getcie, jeżeli akcja była w...na jednej ulicy, tośmy przechodzili na drugą ulicę.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=652.432,659.516"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А какая это акция была, скажите [неразборчиво]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=659.516,662.787"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Niemcy...ukazały się plakaty na murach, podpisane nawet przez gminę żydowską, że wszyscy Żydzi powinni zgłosić się do punktów przesiedleńczych...i będą przesiedleni na wschód. Każdy otrzyma trzy kilo chleba, kilo marmolady, dostar...dostarczy się wagonów i tymi wagonami Niemcy...Żydzi pojadą na wschód. Tam się ich osiedli w małych miasteczkach i tam będą pracować. Następnie było wymienione, że od akcji wysiedleńczej zwolnieni są ci Żydzi, którzy pracują w fabrykach niemieckich, następnie pracownicy gminy żydowskiej.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=662.787,712.241"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И там это...были госпитали в гетто...были доктора?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=712.241,716.447"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, były szpitale w getcie, byli lekarze, tylko że chorzy umierali po prostu z głodu. Było mało lekarstw. Nawet jak chorego udało się wyleczyć, to i tak nie miało się go czym odżywiać. Tak że była bardzo duża śmiertelność.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=716.447,735.472"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И куда и где хоронили людей? А где хоронили [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=735.472,743.611"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ludzi chowano na cmentarzu żydowskim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=743.611,747.184"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German/English] Was...was, war [unintelligible]...was that in Ghetto? The jüdische?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=747.184,755.973"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Cmentarz żydowski był trochę poza gettem, ale dostawało się przepustki i można było...nawet rodzina też mogła odprowadzić tych zmarłych...i można było ich chować na cmentarzu na getcie, na starym żydowskim cmentarzu. Jednych chowano we wspólnych grobach,...były ogromne wspólne groby,...była śmiertelność ostatnio około pięciu tysięcy ludzi miesięcznie, a tych, którzy mogli sobie pozwolić, chowano w grobach pojedynczych.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=755.973,790.119"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ну а потом как вы уехали из гетто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=790.119,795.366"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Potem...po pierwszej akcji ja zostałam, dlatego że była...pozostało jeszcze około czterdziestu tysięcy Żydów po pierwszej akcji. Więc z tego część została na terenach kilku fabryk niemieckich, w których wyrabiano mundury dla wojska, buty, kożuchy i tak dalej. Więc udało mi się ukryć, ja tam pracowałam w takim ambulatorium fabrycznym. No i byłam w getcie do stycznia czterdziestego trzeciego roku. W styczniu wybuchła druga akcja...i w styczniu uciekłam na aryjską stronę,...właśnie w czasie tej drugiej akcji...też ucieczka była bardzo niebezpieczna, ale wyjechaliśmy jakimś autem fabrycznym, ja niby jako pracownica tej fabryki. Była [niezrozumiały], znaczy się taka brama w murze. Tam stali żandarmi niemieccy i kontrolowali każdego, kto wyjeżdżał z getta. No i akurat, jak to auto wyjeżdżało, przyjechał patrol SS-owski, który przeprowadzał akcje. Kazano wszystkim wysiąść z auta. Rewidowano. Ja byłam jedyną kobietą. Nawet wszyscy mężczyźni byli pewni, że mnie od razu zabiorą na Umschlagplatz, to był ten plac zborny, gdzie zbierano wszystkich Żydów, ale jakimś dziwnym przypadkiem pozwolono mi wsiąść do auta i wyjechaliśmy. Tam auto się zatrzymało, gdzieś na ulicy Puławskiej. Miałam tam znajomych, Aryjczyków. Wysiadłam z auta i w ten sposób wyszłam z getta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=795.366,912.022"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] [неразборчиво] говорите дальше.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=912.022,916.937"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] No, było mi bardzo trudno ukrywać się, ponieważ mam wygląd bardzo semicki. Ci Polacy, u których byłam, przyjęli mnie dobrze, ale musiałam szereg razy zmieniać mieszkanie. Ostatni raz zamieszkałam na Muranowskiej ulicy, akurat na wprost getta. No i w ten sposób widziałam akcję niemiecką w kwietniu czterdziestego trzeciego roku. Powstanie w getcie warszawskim,...ponieważ nasze okna...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=916.937,951.475"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы были там, когда [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=951.475,953.45"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: Я была, видела, я видела.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=953.45,955.545"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вы видели. Ну, расскажите про восстание.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=955.545,958.983"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Więc okna nasze wychodziły akurat na róg ulicy Muranowskiej i Nalewek. W ten sposób mogliśmy obserwować cały plac Muranowski, część Nalewek i ulicę...zdaje się Miłą, która prowadziła właśnie do tego Umschlagplatzu, na którym zbierano wszystkich Żydów. Tak że widzieliśmy wszystkie pochody żydowskie, które Niemcy prowadzili na Umschlagplatz. Osiemnastego kwietnia nagle rano zaczęła się strzelanina. Nie wiedzieliśmy w ogóle, że [niezrozumiały]. Doszliśmy do okien. Widzieliśmy, że mur getta jest otoczony bardzo gęsto posterunkami, które...każdy posterunek składał się zwykle z jednego Niemca, jednego Ukraińca, jednego policjanta polskiego. Posterunki były ustawione co dziesięć, piętnaście kroków...i co pewien...nie pamiętam, czy każdy, czy co drugi posterunek miał karabin maszynowy. Wiedzieliśmy od razu, że szykuje się jakaś akcja w getcie, bo każda akcja była poprzedzona właśnie obsadzeniem całego muru. No i rozpoczęła się formalna bitwa. Bardzo zaciekła. Więc słyszeliśmy karabiny maszynowe. Następnie granaty. W pewnym momencie usłyszeliśmy znany...usłyszałam znany odgłos, ale nie wierzyłam oczom. To były tanki. Spojrzałam w Nalewki...i rzeczywiście z Nalewki powoli wyjeżdżały dwa tanki niemieckie. No to już znaczyło, że to jest koniec getta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=958.983,1085.741"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ну, расскажите, что потом случилось с вами, как долго вы были в Варшаве и как вы убрались из Варшавы.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1085.741,1091.937"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Potem ukrywałam się jeszcze jakiś czas, ale było mi bardzo trudno ukrywać się. Później Niemcy zabrali nas do...zabrali mnie do obozu. Do Belsen-Bergen. To było w lipcu czterdziestego trzeciego roku. W tym obozie byłam dwadzieścia miesięcy. Przeszło dwadzieścia miesięcy...do jakiegoś trzynastego kwietnia czterdziestego piątego roku. Wtedy zaczęto ewakuować obóz. Zbliżali się podobno Anglicy. Ewakuowano nas dziesiątego kwietnia. Dwa tygodnie byłam w pociągu do dwudziestego trzeciego kwietnia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1091.937,1137.238"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вас эвакуировали из Бельзен?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1137.238,1139.62"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1139.62,1140.284"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Кто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1140.284,1141.445"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Niemcy, Niemcy mieli zwyczaj, wszystkie obozy, do których zbliżali się Anglicy czy Amerykanie, ewakuować. O ile zdążyli. Tak więc Belsen też zaczęli ewakuować i mnie ewakuowali.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1141.445,1156.054"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] В Бельзен знали, что вы еврейка?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1156.054,1156.054"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak w Belsen byli...było bardzo wielu Żydów. Byli Żydzi polscy, Żydzi węgierscy, Żydzi rumuńscy, jugosłowiańscy, Żydzi holenderscy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1156.054,1169.275"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ага, э-э-э...как долго вы были в Бельзен?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1169.275,1174.129"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Przeszło dwadzieścia miesięcy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1174.129,1176.843"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Сколько?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1176.843,1177.974"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: Больше чем двадцать.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1177.974,1179.738"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Двадцать месяцев. Расскажите про жизнь в Бельзен. Как вы жили в этом...блок ваш...и так далее.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1179.738,1187.533"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Więc...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1187.533,1189.086"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы работали в Бельзен?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1189.086,1190.006"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, myśmy nie pracowali.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1190.006,1191.89"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Нет. Значит, двадцать месяцев вы не работали. Сколько вас было человек в одном блоке?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1191.89,1198.826"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Początkowo to była...myśmy byli trzymani oddzielnie...to byli Żydzi z Polski. Więc to była grupa przeszło dwa tysiące pięćset osób...początkowo. Następnie zaczęto w październiku...już po trzech miesiącach wysłano z naszej grupy przeszło tysiąc osób. Blisko dwa tysiące osób. Później dowiedzieliśmy się, że wysłano ich do Oświęcimia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1198.826,1228.299"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Э-э-э...как вы спали там в этом бараке?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1228.299,1231.721"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Z początku warunki jeszcze były trochę lepsze. Nie było tak ciasno. Więc każdy z nas miał swoją pryczę..., ale prycze były dwupiętrowe. Jedna była dolna, a druga była górna...i bardzo ciasno ustawione. Nie można się było obrócić. Te korytarzyki były tak ciasne...to nas bardzo męczyło. Przykrywaliśmy się kocami. Mieliśmy takie sienniki. Dostawaliśmy zupę, chleb, czasem trochę margaryny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1231.721,1263.35"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А что делали целый день?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1263.35,1265.295"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nic...nic. Nasza grupa nie pracowała. Były grupy, które pracowały, inne nie pracowały.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1265.295,1272.757"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А вы знали эту женщину в Бельзен...как ее звали?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1272.757,1278.154"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Irma...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1278.154,1279.179"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ирма [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1279.179,1280.747"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, ja jej nie znałam, ale komendanta Kramera znałam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1280.747,1284.305"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы знали Крамера?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1284.305,1285.722"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak. Widziałam go parę razy. Z początku mieliśmy innego komendanta, Hassa, a potem zastąpił go Kramer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1285.722,1294.984"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А вы были здоровы в Бельзен?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1294.984,1300.065"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie...w Belsen...Przyjechałam do Belsen już chora,...bo byłam jeszcze dwa tygodnie w więzieniu, w Warszawie, na Pawiaku. No i poza tym byłam, przeżyłam bardzo dużo w czasie, kiedy się ukrywałam. Przyjechałam chora i potem,...wszyscy byli chorzy, dlatego żeśmy dostawali bardzo mało jeść tak, że wszyscy byli spuchnięci. Mieli nogi spuchnięte i twarze spuchnięte i wszyscy byli bardzo słabi. Początkowo jeszcze dostawaliśmy jeść. Potem coraz gorzej, coraz gorzej. Pierwszy rok jeszcze jako takośmy wytrzymali. Chociaż zimę spędziliśmy w kamiennych barakach. Było zimno. Dachy przeciekały. Woda się lała.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1300.065,1350.719"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Так...скажите, а если кто-нибудь заболевал, что делали тогда?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1350.719,1357.518"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Było...między tymi więźniami był, byli lekarze. Oni leczyli chorych, a oprócz tego był taki duży szpital. Jak były jakieś poważniejsze wypadki, to meldowało się niemieckiemu lekarzowi,...no i tych chorych się zabierało do szpitala.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1357.518,1377.855"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Так...а потом, значит, вас эвакуировали из Бельзен куда?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1377.855,1383.719"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ten pociąg jechał tam i z powrotem, tam i z powrotem, dlatego że wszystkie drogi były przecięte i były bombardowane, stacje się paliły, tak że pociąg miał jechać do Theresienstadt, do Czech...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1383.719,1398.041"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Tschech—...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1398.041,1398.689"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...tak, ale bardzo niedaleko zajechał, dlatego że maszynista nie mógł prowadzić pociągu po tych bombardowanych drogach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1398.689,1407.523"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1407.523,1408.277"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Były naloty...Nie. Były naloty, bombardowania...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1408.277,1411.594"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы не доехали до Терезиенштадт...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1411.594,1413.659"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, myśmy gdzieś byli...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1413.659,1414.745"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian]...И кто вас освободил?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1414.745,1416.629"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Rosjanie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1416.629,1417.926"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Русские?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1417.926,1418.846"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1418.846,1419.555"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Русские вас освободили? Расскажите, как случилось это.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1419.555,1424.575"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] [niezrozumiały]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1424.575,1425.811"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы были в поездах?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1425.811,1427.168"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...myśmy byli w wagonach...w wagonie towarowym. Noc...nawet całą noc pociąg stał. Nawet było dosyć spokojnie. Z daleka było słychać strzały, ale nie było żadnego nalotu. Z samego rana, o szóstej może, ktoś przebiegł koło naszego wagonu i powiedział: „już są Rosjanie, już Niemcy uciekli”.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1427.168,1451.534"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Что они, русские, вам дали есть?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1451.534,1456.358"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, więc wszyscy wybiegli z wagonu i rzeczywiście byli dwaj sowieccy żołnierze na koniach. No i powiedzieli: „wyjdźcie już z wagonów. Każdy może iść na wieś. Tam znajdziecie...wejdźcie do mieszkań, tam...”.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1456.358,1474.901"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] В каком городе это было?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1474.901,1476.876"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...to było koło...[niezrozumiały], gdzieś koło Drezna. Małe miasteczko.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1476.876,1484.534"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Хорошо. [неразборчиво] ну, оттуда когда вас освободили...куда вы поехали?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1484.534,1488.273"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...myśmy byli chorzy bardzo, więc...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1488.273,1491.017"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ваша сестра была с вами?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1491.017,1492.751"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, nie było z mojej rodziny nikogo. Więc poszliśmy do najbliższej wioski niemieckiej. Tam weszliśmy do domu niemieckiego, wykąpaliśmy się, po pierwsze, i położyliśmy się do łóżek, i leżeliśmy w łóżkach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1492.751,1507.359"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И оттуда куда вы поехали?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1507.359,1511.46"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Leże...miesiąc czasu leżeliśmy tam, bo nie mieliśmy sił chodzić. Byliśmy bardzo słabi, a potem ja pojechałam do Paryża.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1511.46,1523.023"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Зачем вы в Париж поехали? У ва...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1523.023,1524.787"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Bo w Polsce nie miałam rodziny...wiedziałam przecież,...matka moja zginęła w czasie akcji jeszcze. Jej siostra, też wiedziałam, że zginęła. Tak że pojechałam do Paryża, gdzie mam rodzinę.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1524.787,1538.521"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] У вас есть родственники в Париже?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1538.521,1540.345"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Mam kuzynki dwie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1540.345,1541.913"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] У вас есть две кузины тут, в Париже.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1541.913,1543.572"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, tak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1543.572,1544.477"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ну, а что вы теперь собирали...А где вы вышли замуж?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1544.477,1549.799"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Za mąż ja wyszłam w getcie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1549.799,1553.251"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] О! Вы вышли в гетто?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1553.251,1555.09"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1555.09,1555.452"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И что с мужем вашим [неразборчиво].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1555.452,1556.628"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Mąż też był w obozie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1556.628,1559.432"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Куда?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1559.432,1560.307"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...też był...w Belsen był.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1560.307,1562.312"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вас послали, мужчин и женщин...А немцы знали, что это был ваш муж?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1562.312,1566.895"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, tak, oni znali, że to mój mąż.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1566.895,1571.222"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И э-э-э...потом с вами все время ехали, доехали до Бельзен и остались [неразборчиво].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1571.222,1577.719"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] W Belsen, tam byliśmy oddzielnie, a potem znów byliśmy razem, a potem nas ewakuowali.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1577.719,1583.931"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И были вместе, когда русские пришли...вы были вместе?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1583.931,1586.75"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Wszyscy, tak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1586.75,1587.745"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы были вместе. И тогда вы решили оба поехать в Париж?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1587.745,1591.936"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1591.936,1592.358"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Как вы поехали, у вас были деньги?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1592.358,1594.408"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, myśmy nie mieli wcale pieniędzy i jechaliśmy bez pieniędzy cały czas, autami wojskowymi, a potem pociągami dla repatriantów.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1594.408,1606.318"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вас впустили во Францию или [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1606.318,1608.805"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...wpuścili. Ja mówię trochę po francusku i ja mam rodzinę...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1608.805,1612.484"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Где вы учились по-французски?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1612.484,1614.549"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] W szkole jeszcze nauczyłam się, ja bardzo lubiłam francuski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1614.549,1617.564"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы что, ходили в гимназию в Варшаве?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1617.564,1619.343"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1619.343,1620.037"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Да. А ваш муж где учился?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1620.037,1622.042"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Też w Warszawie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1622.042,1623.308"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А откуда он английский знает?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1623.308,1626.444"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] On uczył się angielskiego.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1626.444,1628.193"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ага. А что ваш муж делает в Париже?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1628.193,1632.942"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] No...z początku myśmy nic nie robili, myśmy się źle czuli. Teraz on pracował trochę jako tłumacz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1632.942,1641.218"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] А что вы собираетесь делать?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1641.218,1644.445"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie wiemy jeszcze, to bardzo ciężka decyzja. Mam przyjaciół w Ameryce, którzy bardzo chcą, żebym tam pojechała. Rodziny nie mam gdzie indziej. Może zostanę w Paryżu. Nie wiadomo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1644.445,1656.219"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Ага. У вас есть родственники в Америке?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1656.219,1658.526"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: Нет. Подруги.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1658.526,1662.4"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Przyjaciół mam w Ameryce. [niezrozumiały]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1662.4,1664.179"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Нет родственников. А ваш муж чем занимается? Что он работает?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1664.179,1668.431"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] On pracował jako tłumacz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1668.431,1670.587"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1670.587,1671.296"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Z Amerykanami.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1671.296,1673.934"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] С американскими?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1673.934,1674.989"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tutaj, w amerykańskich instytucjach, bo zna angielski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1674.989,1678.065"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Что он делает?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1678.065,1679.377"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Ja nie wiem nawet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1679.377,1681.653"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] И для американского правительства, и для еврейских организаций.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1681.653,1685.965"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, nie, to nie to...nie wiem...dla polskich czy dla amerykańskich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1685.965,1690.563"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Да. Он работает для них. И он придет домой в десять часов?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1690.563,1693.412"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, on przyjdzie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1693.412,1694.076"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Он придет. Скажите, [неразборчиво] были какие-нибудь песни, которые эти пленные пели?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1694.076,1706.875"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] My?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1706.875,1707.734"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1707.734,1709.996"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish]...pieśni mało...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1709.996,1711.971"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1711.971,1713.916"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Tak, były...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1713.916,1715.017"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] [неразборчиво] есть новые песни, которые делали в этом лагере?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1715.017,1718.288"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, nie, nie...nie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1718.288,1721.394"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы не знаете...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1721.394,1722.072"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, nie...u nas owszem pisano wiersze.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1722.072,1726.384"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Что?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1726.384,1726.881"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Wiersze.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1726.881,1728.902"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Russian] Стихи.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1728.902,1729.52"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Писали...и тоже стихи писали? Знаете какие-нибудь [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1729.52,1731.812"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, ja nie pisałam, może mąż będzie pamiętał coś.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1731.812,1735.807"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы знаете какие-нибудь [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1735.807,1737.812"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1737.812,1738.717"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Не знаете...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1738.717,1740.358"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Well, this concludes the record of Ms. Helena Neufeld. Eh...she...eh...insists on making her record in Polish, she is apparently conscious about her language, and she is staying with her hus..., she married her husband in the Ghetto in Warsaw, and it so happened that through all the deportations they were together. August the 3rd, 1946. Paris the home [unintelligible] Jews. After concluding the record of so many, as often happens, you get some new data. On the question of [unintelligible] she tells me that she is a dentist graduated from Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1740.358,1796.366"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Wann haben Sie dentistry studiert?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1796.366,1802.487"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] [niezrozumiały]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1802.487,1804.1"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1804.1,1807.236"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Studiowałam od trzydziestego pierwszego do końca trzydziestego piątego roku...tysiąc dziewięćset trzydziestego pierwszego do końca tysiąc dziewięćset trzydziestego piątego roku.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1807.236,1819.311"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Так сколько же вам лет?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1819.311,1821.603"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: Тридцать три.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1821.603,1823.978"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Trzydzieści trzy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1823.978,1825.266"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Вы что, поступили в зубоврачебную школу в Варшаве? Когда? Сразу после гимназии?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1825.266,1831.869"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] Nie, właściwie nie chciałam [niezrozumiały] romanistykę. Chciałam wyjechać za granicę do Francji, ale rodzice bardzo pragnęli, żebym wstąpiła na dentystykę, więc...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1831.869,1847.846"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Что вы теперь работаете тут? У дантиста или как, сами работаете?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1847.846,1855.474"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helena Neufeld: [In Polish] [niezrozumiały]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1855.474,1854.563"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Polish [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/transcript/8046/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/046/original/helena-neufeld_ru.vtt?1583169836","format":"text/vtt","language":"pl"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/046/original/helena-neufeld_ru.vtt?1583169836"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["neufeldH_annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/jewishcommitteehome\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/jewishcommitteehome\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=80.0,95.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=80.0,95.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=95.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen Bergen Belsen was liberated by British troops on April 15, 1945, there were some 58,000 surviving inmates and 10,000 corpses. Anne Frank and her sister had died about a month before of typhus and were buried in a mass grave. The survivors were suffering from extreme malnutrition and virulent diseases such as tuberculosis, dysentery and typhus. Nearly 14,000 died in the two months following the liberation of the camp. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=110.0,125.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=110.0,125.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=131.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=132.0,142.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II began with Germany's attack on Poland on September 1, 1939. On September 28, 1939, Warsaw, Poland's capital, surrendered, and in the early days of October the last battles were fought. On September 17, 1939, Soviet forces invaded eastern Poland and overran large parts of the country including the large industrial and cultural center of Lwow (Ger. Lemberg). Lwow had a Jewish community in 1939 of approximately 110,000 making it the third largest Jewish community in Poland. Mrs. Neufeld was one of the some 100,000 Jewish refugees from German occupied western Poland who fled to the city. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Soviet German war began on June 22, 1941 with the German invasion of the Soviet Union. The Germans routed Soviet forces in the early weeks of the invasion and rapidly captured Lwow, which fell on June 30, 1941. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere had been a great deal of antisemitism in Lwow in part because the Poles and Ukrainians in the city each accused the Jews of helping the other. The murder of Jews began on the same day as the German occupation with Germans and Ukrainians taking part. The Lwow pogrom lasted from June 30 to July 3, 1941. In four days of killing, approximately 4,000 Jews were murdered. From July 25-27, the Ukrainians carried out another pogrom this time murdering a further 2,000. Only a handful of the Jews of Lwow survived the war. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003epogrom: \u003c/b\u003eA form of riot or mob violence directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers. The term was originally used to denote extensive violence against Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans established the Lwow ghetto in November/December 1941. 5,000 sick and elderly Jews were killed during the move to the ghetto. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lvov\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lvov\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=142.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003epogrom: \u003c/b\u003eA form of riot or mob violence directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers. The term was originally used to denote extensive violence against Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=218.0,225.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=218.0,225.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003epogrom: \u003c/b\u003eA form of riot or mob violence directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers. The term was originally used to denote extensive violence against Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=225.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=225.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003epogrom: \u003c/b\u003eA form of riot or mob violence directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers. The term was originally used to denote extensive violence against Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=225.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003epogrom: \u003c/b\u003eA form of riot or mob violence directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers. The term was originally used to denote extensive violence against Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=225.0,261.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003epogrom: \u003c/b\u003eA form of riot or mob violence directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers. The term was originally used to denote extensive violence against Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=261.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=279.0,283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFolk German (volksdeutsche) was the Nazi term for an ethnic Germans residing outside of Germany who was a national in their country of residence. Nazi Germany received a good deal of support from these individuals in countries such as Poland. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003efolk-german (Volkdeutsche): \u003c/b\u003eThe Nazi term for ethnic Germans living outside of Germany. The Nazis made every effort to win the support of these German minorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003efolk-german (Volkdeutsche): \u003c/b\u003eThe Nazi term for ethnic Germans living outside of Germany. The Nazis made every effort to win the support of these German minorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=283.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGestapo: \u003c/b\u003eContraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: \"Secret State Police.\" The German internal security police (secret police) under the Nazis, headed by SS chief Heinrich Himmler. Organized in 1933 to protect the regime from political opposition. Often used by Holocaust victims generically to refer to any German police or military unit.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=313.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=313.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=313.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=313.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=313.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Warsaw ghetto was established in mid November 1940. It was surrounded by a high wall topped by jagged shards of glass and sealed off from the \"Aryan\" section of the city. Mrs. Neufeld was fortunate in finding an opening in the wall through which she could enter the ghetto and rejoin her family. Perhaps the opening had been made by those who smuggled food into the ghetto. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=313.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=364.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=364.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=367.0,379.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe mass deportation from the Warsaw ghetto began on July 22, 1942 and lasted until September 12 of that year. During this time, more than a quarter of a million Warsaw ghetto Jews were deported to the Treblinka extermination camp where they were murdered by gas.\u0026lt; [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=367.0,379.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=379.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=385.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=389.0,444.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=444.0,449.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=449.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=449.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=449.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=471.0,503.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lviv\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=503.0,512.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom the outbreak of the war, Warsaw experienced German air raids, but the antiaircraft defenses of the city were crippled after the first week. The Germans then bombed the city at will and many Warsaw residents perished. German artillery also indiscriminately shelled the city. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=503.0,512.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=513.0,517.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=573.0,574.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=574.0,575.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=575.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=578.0,580.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=580.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=581.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=581.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=596.0,601.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=605.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=631.0,635.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=635.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=651.0,652.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=652.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=652.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=659.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=659.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn place of the traditional Jewish Community Council of the city, the Germans installed a Judenrat. It was this body that carried out their orders. Adam Czerniakow, head of the Warsaw Judenrat, committed suicide rather than sign the order for deportation that was couched in the usual deceptive language employed by the Germans. Obviously, Mrs. Neufeld and her family resisted German blandishments by doing everything possible to avoid deportation. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=662.0,712.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=712.0,716.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=716.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe mortality rate in the Warsaw ghetto was atrocious. The monthly death toll from June 1941 through April 1942 fluctuated from 4,000-5,500. At its height in March 1941, there were about 445,000 inhabitants of the Warsaw ghetto. By the time of the beginning of deportations in July, 1942, the population had shrunk by more than 100,000 in what can only be described as gradual extermination. Jewish medical personnel tried to stem the death rate as best they could, but, as Mrs. Neufeld indicates, they were often helpless in the face of acute shortages of food and medicine. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=716.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=747.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=755.0,767.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=790.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=795.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=795.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the first phase of deportations (\"the first action\") ended in September 1942, there were about 35,000 Jews who remained legally in the ghetto and about 25,000 who were there illegally. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=795.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans launched a second wave of deportations on January 18, 1943 but were met with Jewish armed and passive resistance. The deportations were halted after a few days but not before they managed to seize 5,000-6,000 Jews. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003egendarme: \u003c/b\u003ePoliceman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Neufeld's escape, as was the case with so many others, was most fortuitous. She was among the more than 25,000 Jews hidden by sympathetic Poles in \"Aryan\" Warsaw. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=830.0,912.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=916.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=916.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe uprising of the Warsaw ghetto, the most sustained and famous Jewish revolt during the Holocaust, began on April 19, 1943, the eve of the Passover holiday. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=916.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=958.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=958.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=958.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=958.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite the German use of tanks, artillery and aircraft, the fighters in the Warsaw ghetto fought courageously for about one month. The civilian population hid in ingeniously constructed underground bunkers throughout the ghetto. The Germans burned every building in the ghetto to the ground in an effort to quell the rebellion, but it took them about one month to do so, more time that it had taken them to conquer some European countries. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=958.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1085.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1085.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1091.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1091.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1091.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Neufeld was evacuated just five days before Bergen Belsen was liberated. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1091.0,1137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1137.0,1139.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1149.0,1153.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1153.0,1156.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1156.0,1169.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1169.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1181.0,1187.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eblock: \u003c/b\u003eA single concentration camp barrack.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1181.0,1187.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1189.0,1190.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eblock: \u003c/b\u003eA single concentration camp barrack.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1195.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBergen Belsen was established in July 1943 so Mrs. Neufeld was there almost from its inception. It began as a prisoner of war camp but had five satellite camps among which was one for Jews from Poland who had papers issued by various countries mainly in Latin America. As Mrs. Neufeld subsequently indicates, the prisoners in this satellite camp did not have to engage in forced labor and conditions were at first better than those elsewhere in Belsen. The deportation of some 1,700 prisoners from this satellite camp to Auschwitz did indeed occur in October 1943. 350 more were deported to Auschwitz in early 1944. Mrs. Neufeld and, as she will later reveal, her husband, who had been sent to Belsen with her, were among the several hundred who remained in the camp. Just why they were spared is unknown. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1222.0,1228.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1272.0,1278.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrma Grese, a female camp supervisor, was known as \"the bitch of Belsen\" due to the inhuman cruelty she displayed towards the prisoners. She was sentence to death for her crimes by a British military court and hanged in December 1945 at the age of twenty one. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1279.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ecommandant: \u003c/b\u003eA commander of a Nazi camp. In the death camps the commandant was required to witness every gassing carried out through a peephole, and supervise both the preparations and the aftermath.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1280.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosef Kramer was appointed commandant of Bergen Belsen on December 2, 1944. Before his appointment, he worked in other concentration camps including Auschwitz where he became known for his ruthless and sadistic behavior. He was tried by a British military court, sentenced to death and hanged on December 12, 1945 at the age of thirty nine. Adolf Hass and Siegfried Leidle preceded Kramer as Auschwitz commandants. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1285.0,1294.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1296.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1300.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1300.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1300.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePawiak prison was located in the Jewish quarter of Warsaw. It was the main prison used by German security forces in the Warsaw district from October 1939 to August 1944 and was known for the harsh conditions under which prisoners were incarcerated. Pawiak held a number of Jewish prisoners caught on the \"Aryan\" side of Warsaw such as Mrs. Neufeld. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1300.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConditions in Bergen Belsen deteriorated steadily in 1944 and underwent a profound deterioration from January through March of 1945 as thousands of prisoners on death marches from other camps were sent there resulting in chaotic conditions and the spread of infectious diseases. At its height in March 1945, the typhus epidemic in Belsen claimed more than 18,000 lives. From January 1945 to mid April of that year, some 35,000 prisoners perished and were buried in mass graves. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1309.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1377.0,1383.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTheresienstadt (Czech, Terezin) was a ghetto established by the Germans in northwest Czechoslovakia. It was liberated by the Red Army on May 8, 1945. 33,000 Jews perished in Theresienstadt, and 88,000 were deported from there to extermination camps. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Theresienstadt\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Theresienstadt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1383.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Theresienstadt\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Theresienstadt\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1411.0,1413.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFalkenberg is actually in eastern Germany northeast of Leipzig. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Falkenberg\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Falkenberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Terezin\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Terezin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1476.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1511.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1523.0,1524.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1524.0,1538.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1538.0,1540.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1543.0,1544.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1549.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1553.0,1555.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1556.0,1559.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is not clear whether or not Mrs. Neufeld's husband was with her in hiding in \"Aryan\" Warsaw or in Pawiak prison though this was probably the case. It is also not clear why the couple was transferred to the satellite camp at Belsen for those who had papers from foreign countries in their possession. It is quite plausible that the Neufeld's had such papers, but the interview does not reveal to where. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1560.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1571.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1571.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1577.0,1583.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1587.0,1591.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHad Mrs. Neufeld and her husband been liberated in Bergen Belsen and remained there, they would have become part of the largest Displaced Persons camp in Europe after the war. Located in the British zone of occupation of Germany, the Displaced Persons camp at Belsen had a largely self-governed and self contained Jewish community Jewish community from 1945-1950. The DP camp focused on the physical and spiritual rehabilitation of the survivors, the search for relatives, and the political struggle for rights and immigration to Palestine and then the State of Israel. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1608.0,1612.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1617.0,1619.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1622.0,1623.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1628.0,1632.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1644.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Bergen-Belsen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1697.0,1706.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1715.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis was a form of resistance, a way of affirming one's humanity in inhuman conditions. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1728.0,1729.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1740.0,1796.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1740.0,1796.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/jewishcommitteehome\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/jewishcommitteehome\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1740.0,1796.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1740.0,1796.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1804.0,1807.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1825.0,1831.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Neufeld might have been alluding to romance languages. She indicated earlier that she was very fond of the French language in her Warsaw gymnasium. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1831.0,1847.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114/annotation_set/1607/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[As far as I can remember, she did some dental work for the DPs without proper license to practice dentistry in Paris. -- D.P.B.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17659/file/73114#t=1855.0,1854.57125"}]}]}]}