{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qr4nk36k74/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["David P. Boder Interviews Valerius Michelson, September 26, 1946, Munich, Germany"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1946-09-26"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[" Russian (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Wire recording"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":[" michelsonV_9-153C_9-154 (Local)"," michelsonV_9-153C_9-154_SLP.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":[" Munich (Germany) (Place of recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":[" Interview with Valerius Michelson by David P. Boder, conducted on September 26, 1946 at the UNRRA University for Displaced Persons at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany. (Abstract)"," David Boder's interview with Valerius Michelson was part of a series he conducted at the UNRRA University in Munich in September 1946. The first half of the interview focuses on Estonia during the Soviet and Nazi occupations, the second half on Michelson's end-of-war and post-war experiences in Austria and Germany. The most detailed testimony concerns the material and psychological state of \"displaced persons\" in post-war Germany and Michelson's work in helping to establish the UNRRA University. Importantly, much of what Michelson tells Boder about his pre-war and war time experiences is half-true at best. This explains why his testimony is often halting in style, and broad and imprecise in substance. Michelson was born in St. Petersburg in 1916. He spent his early years in Estonia, where he was part of the substantial Russian émigré community that developed there after the Bolshevik Revolution. In 1926, Michelson returned to the Soviet Union with his father. However, in the interview, he suggests that he remained in Estonia until the early 1940s. In fact, he studied architecture at the Russian Academy of Fine Arts in Leningrad from 1935 to 1941. Drafted into the Red Army after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, he was eventually captured by the Germans. Due to his good knowledge of German, he avoided being sent to a Soviet POW camp. Instead, he worked as an interpreter and as a contractor, helping to build field hospitals on the Eastern front. By his own admission, he served in the German army. As the Red Army began its long westward advance, Michelson retreated with the Germans, eventually ending up in Vienna. Then, as the Soviets advanced on Vienna, he moved west again, eventually crossing into Germany and finding his way to Munich.1 Although many specific incidents that Michelson relates may be true (e.g., the arrest of his father, his train trip to Vienna), they must be understood as part of a different story that Michelson deliberately obscures from Boder. The biography that Michelson provides Boder can in turn be seen as part of a \"cover\" Michelson developed to protect himself from forcible repatriation to the Soviet Union and punishment as a deserter and traitor. He offered similar biographical details on the U.S. Military Government Questionnaire (\"Fragebogen\") he filled out in January 1946 in order to gain admittance to the UNRRA University.2 His interview with Boder is thus most useful for its detailed discussion of the life of displaced persons in postwar Germany and as a fascinating example of the diversionary tactics DPs developed to avoid unwelcome inquiries into their war time biographies. (1. Kris Johnson, interview with Valerius Michelson, 18 March 1991 (Commentary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":[" World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives (Topical)"," Tallinn (Estonia) (Geographic)"," Kempten (Germany) (Geographic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":[" Michelson, Valerius (Interviewee)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Interviewer)"," Mann, Yan (Transcriber)"," Collin, Olga (Transcriber)"," Mann, Yan (Translator)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Translator)"," Holian, Anna Marta (Translator)"," English, Eben (Editor)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"," interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Inerviewee Nationality"]},"value":{"en":["Russia"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Gender"]},"value":{"en":["Male"]}}],"summary":{"en":[" Interview with Valerius Michelson by David P. Boder, conducted on September 26, 1946 at the UNRRA University for Displaced Persons at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany."," David Boder's interview with Valerius Michelson was part of a series he conducted at the UNRRA University in Munich in September 1946. The first half of the interview focuses on Estonia during the Soviet and Nazi occupations, the second half on Michelson's end-of-war and post-war experiences in Austria and Germany. The most detailed testimony concerns the material and psychological state of \"displaced persons\" in post-war Germany and Michelson's work in helping to establish the UNRRA University. Importantly, much of what Michelson tells Boder about his pre-war and war time experiences is half-true at best. This explains why his testimony is often halting in style, and broad and imprecise in substance. Michelson was born in St. Petersburg in 1916. He spent his early years in Estonia, where he was part of the substantial Russian émigré community that developed there after the Bolshevik Revolution. In 1926, Michelson returned to the Soviet Union with his father. However, in the interview, he suggests that he remained in Estonia until the early 1940s. In fact, he studied architecture at the Russian Academy of Fine Arts in Leningrad from 1935 to 1941. Drafted into the Red Army after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, he was eventually captured by the Germans. Due to his good knowledge of German, he avoided being sent to a Soviet POW camp. Instead, he worked as an interpreter and as a contractor, helping to build field hospitals on the Eastern front. By his own admission, he served in the German army. As the Red Army began its long westward advance, Michelson retreated with the Germans, eventually ending up in Vienna. Then, as the Soviets advanced on Vienna, he moved west again, eventually crossing into Germany and finding his way to Munich.1 Although many specific incidents that Michelson relates may be true (e.g., the arrest of his father, his train trip to Vienna), they must be understood as part of a different story that Michelson deliberately obscures from Boder. The biography that Michelson provides Boder can in turn be seen as part of a \"cover\" Michelson developed to protect himself from forcible repatriation to the Soviet Union and punishment as a deserter and traitor. He offered similar biographical details on the U.S. Military Government Questionnaire (\"Fragebogen\") he filled out in January 1946 in order to gain admittance to the UNRRA University.2 His interview with Boder is thus most useful for its detailed discussion of the life of displaced persons in postwar Germany and as a fascinating example of the diversionary tactics DPs developed to avoid unwelcome inquiries into their war time biographies. (1. Kris Johnson, interview with Valerius Michelson, 18 March 1991"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/250/279/small/IMGP8810.jpg?1725893229","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - michelsonV_9-153C_9-154_SLP.mp3"]},"duration":2691.176,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/250/279/small/IMGP8810.jpg?1725893229","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iit.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/250/279/original/michelsonV_9-153C_9-154_SLP.mp3?1725893201","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2691.176,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English translation [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Munich, September the 24th, 1946, at the UNRRA University in the Deutsches Museum, a university for displaced students from all over the world; about more than a dozen nationalities. The interviewee is a gentleman, Valerius Michelson... [Note: The name \"Michelson\" is in Russia a surname of Jews as often as of gentiles. In this case we deal with a gentile. —D.P.B.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=4.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] How old are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=29.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] 30 years of age, a student at the university, and he is [to Michelson] Lithuanian? Or Latvian? Or... or he is Russian!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=32.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Then perhaps we could continue in Russian?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=44.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e But of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And he will talk to us in Russian [this last sentence was apparently intended in English, but was said in Russian]. Turn around [apparently referring to the microphone]. Take it this way. Mr. Michelson, I should like to ask you [pause] to tell me where you were and what happened to you...ehh...from the moment either when the war began or when the movement of Soviet armies started towards the west.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=49.0,83.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time I was in Estonia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=83.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where in Estonia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e In the city of Revel. Or Tallinn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,85.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. And...ehh...since what time did you live in Revel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=85.0,95.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I lived [there] since the year '19","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=95.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e That means right after the first revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=97.0,100.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=100.0,100.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you live there with your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=100.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I lived together with [words not clear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=102.0,106.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And so in what year...ehh...did the Soviets come to Revel for the first time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=106.0,112.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e In the year ’39.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=112.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Good. What happened to you? What were you doing then, and so forth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=114.0,119.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e At the time I lived in Revel and [pause] occupied myself with drawing, et cetera. I was preparing myself to graduate soon from the technical school in Revel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=119.0,136.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. You were then a student?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=136.0,138.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I was a student.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=138.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Begin with that. Then you were a student of the technical school in Revel and were near graduation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=139.0,143.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I was near graduation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=143.0,147.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, what happened to you personally, and to your immediate family, when the Soviets arrived in Revel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=147.0,154.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: At first we were waiting for the Soviets, as Russians [pause], and for that reason we were glad about their coming. [Footnote: Estonia belonged to Russia for centuries. It became independent after the first world war, but there were always certain elements, no necessarily communistic, who desired a reunification with Russia.] But [pause] in a very short time we became convinced that there was not much to be especially glad about. My father was the editor of a Russian [language] newspaper in Revel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=154.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of the paper?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=176.0,178.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e The name of the paper was Freedom of Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=178.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [With surprise] In Revel? And it was called Freedom of Russia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=180.0,183.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=183.0,184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did the Estonians permit such a newspaper? Or what was it? Oh, it was [meant] the freedom of Russia and implied the freedom from the Soviets?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=184.0,193.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e No. It was a rather leftist paper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=193.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=196.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e But it was ‘undercover’ and on it were working communists [??].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=197.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=200.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And it was so secretive [unintelligible], my father worked as an economist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=200.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=203.0,206.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . ehh...I specifically mentioned this newspaper because it was of very leftist views. It was constantly under attack [?]. My father was at one time an SR and therefore sympathized with the movement in Russia and thought that, if not directly Bolshevism, then, in any case, the socialist revolution in Russia is necessary. I was brought up on these same viewpoints, and I always considered myself...ehh...not a person...anyway not...ehh...of Fascist, nor even capable of capitalistic persuasion. [Pause] In spite of all that, after the arrival of the Soviets in Estonia [pause], in a short time, my father began to experience problems [pause] and at the end...the beginning of 1940...upon establishment of a Bolshevik government [these sentences are not clear; the recording is poor]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=206.0,260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=260.0,263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And by the end...that is at the beginning of the year ’40...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=263.0,269.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=269.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e he was called...he was twice called by...by the NKVD.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=274.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What is the NKVD?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=281.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e This is...ehh...uhmm...Peoples’ Commissariat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=282.0,291.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Soviet police or something?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=291.0,292.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . of Internal Affairs of the republic. Some kind of...yes, some kind of a Soviet Gestapo. [Chuckle.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=292.0,297.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Intelligence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=297.0,298.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=298.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What did they call the GPU?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=301.0,305.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I don’t know. At one time it was called GPU, and then it was renamed. When [that was done] I don’t know exactly. At any rate, when they [father and others?] came there, there were [people from] the border forces and some kind of a secret police, et cetera. They were all under the same name, . et cetera. [Pause] And afterwards [pause], in March of the year ’41, the father on his way to work in the morning...Of course, he did not expect not to return home. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=305.0,347.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=347.0,348.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e He disappeared, and since then I have not had from him any information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=348.0,352.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Neither you nor your mother, nobody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=352.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Not I...My mother had died already before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=355.0,357.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=357.0,357.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And I did not receive any more information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=357.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who in your family was [unintelligible]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=358.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I had an aunt, who brought me up, [pause] and who managed to leave for Finland. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=360.0,371.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you hear from her [?]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=371.0,373.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I...ehh...received a letter from her sent through my cousin in Belgium. I have three [male] cousins who are in Belgium, and through them I have received these letters [about her], because there is no direct communication at present with Finland. [Pause] Well, after that episode, you know,...ehh...in the fall, rather in the early fall, [pause] in August, at the end of July, at the beginning of August the Germans arrived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=373.0,414.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. [Pause] So your father did not return? You couldn’t make inquiries, ask around...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=414.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I endeavored to inquire, but I received no information. I was even twice summoned, and I was questioned about alleged anti-Soviet views of my father and work, which [unintelligible].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=419.0,435.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=435.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e But I was released, because I was at that time sufficiently on my own. I did not live together with him [the father], and so they did not find me in anything especially guilty. I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=436.0,448.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Unintelligible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=448.0,451.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, yes. I personally think that [pause] my father hardly had committed any anti-Soviet acts, because first of all he was quite old, and second, it is my personal belief, I think he could not have been an enemy of Soviet authority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=451.0,472.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What is your religion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=472.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Orthodox.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=474.0,476.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e I am asking your faith because I have encountered an Orthodox priest [Father Kharchenko, Chapter 15] among the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=476.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Now then. I told you that I am Orthodox, but I don’t want to assert it definitely. I am baptized as a Orthodox, but...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=484.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I understand. It is your family. The family background [this word was said in English] is Orthodox.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=495.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=499.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e That I understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=500.0,501.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Entirely correct. Well, afterwards [pause] when they started calling to the NKVD, et cetera, et cetera, it did not give me in peace and...ehh...our financial situation was bad. [Pause] I had to work a great deal. Mainly I made all kinds of drawings, pictures, et cetera, in order to earn [something] for myself. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=501.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, continue then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=531.0,533.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I continued to do all of this until the moment when the Germans arrived. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=533.0,542.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Wait please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=542.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e I am interested in this. The Soviets were then in Revel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,549.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=549.0,550.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How was life going on? You, for instance, were working. You yourself could sell your work, receive money for it? The stores were open? How was all that going on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=550.0,561.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Yes...ehh...It was thus: such abundance that prevailed before in Estonia as well as in the other Baltic countries was no more. But...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=561.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You are talking about the economic organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=572.0,574.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=574.0,575.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there private stores?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=575.0,576.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Private stores had remained, but started to close up [liquidate]. At that time there were already attempts to proceed with a kind of socialization—- I don’t know how to call it. At any rate...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=576.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Unintelligible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=587.0,592.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . ehh...state...ehh...[They proceeded] to convert all the separate businesses into state enterprises. At the same time...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=592.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But not at once?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=597.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Not at once. At the same time establishments were opened in which...uhmm...in which people traded who arrived from Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=599.0,610.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How was that? They traded on their own?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=610.0,611.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e No. In the capacity of government enterprises.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=611.0,615.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Like cooperatives?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=615.0,616.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Like cooperatives. Or I would even say that it was actually favorable...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=616.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You would say what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=620.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say that they were...ehh...that they were not cooperatives, because a cooperative implies the existence of members, shareholders, et cetera, which did not exist in these establishments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=620.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] This concludes Spool 153, in the middle of an interview with Mr. Valerius Michelson, age 30, a student of the UNRRA University at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. September the 24th, 1946. An Illinois Institute [of Technology] wire recording.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=631.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Spool 154. We continue from Spool 153. The interview with Mr. Valecius Michel-...[correction] Valerius Michelson. Mr. Michelson is apparently an important person in the life of the university, and he has an urge to talk about it [apparently there was some non-recorded conversation while the spools were changed]. Well, we shall try to see what we can get [recorded] in this short program, because we have changed our rule, and instead of letting everybody talk as long as possible, we are taking them in one half hour turns, because it simply would be a very great hardship to them of [my] not having listened to the representatives of each nationality. Maybe scientifically this would not be immediately convertible into useful material, but we just have to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=657.0,719.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] And so, it means, Mr. Michelson, let us start thus: It means...ehh...your father disappeared during the time of the Soviets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=719.0,729.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=729.0,730.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You made ends meet by making drawings and...ehh...pictures too?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=730.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=735.0,735.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e For whom did you do it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=735.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I created them for sale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=737.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I sold them...in part to acquaintances. And in part through them I would reach people who had an interest in them. And I continued to do this also when the Germans arrived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,748.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Good. Now tell us, how did the Germans come in? How did that change [of power] proceed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=748.0,754.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e You see, I cannot tell you the details, because we...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=754.0,756.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e I don’t want generalities. How...The environment you were located in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=756.0,760.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=760.0,761.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e There were people who fled? There were people who were evacuated? How did all that occur?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=761.0,766.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Those people who had come from the Soviet side—there were quite a few of them; I had some acquaintances from there [pause]— they nearly all had fled before. There remained a very small number [of them].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=766.0,779.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=779.0,781.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e What concerns the so-called old Russian immigration [‘old time’ refugees from the Soviets] who were there—they, in the majority, remained, and to some extent were even glad about the arrival of the Germans. But not all [of them]. I, of course, at that time was absorbed in preoccupations for existence, because [chuckle] with the departure of the father our [economic] status had become much worse....ehh...The aunt with whom I lived together was already very old, and she, of course, in no way was able to help me, and I had to feed her and myself. And for that reason I had but little chance to get into conversations with strangers, only incidentally.. At any rate up to the arrival of the Germans I expected that there would be fierce battles, and endeavored together with my aunt, since we lived in a suburb, to penetrate still farther away from the suburb of the city of Revel to [name of the locality not clear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=781.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=837.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And there we weathered through the whole [laughter] German advent. There were no big battles in Revel at that time, and everything proceeded rather quietly...ehh...Just not long before the march forward of the Germans I was astonished by the great confusion of the Soviet...Soviet soldiers, the army, and the few ships which were lying in the bay of Revel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=839.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did the confusion manifest itself on the ships?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=861.0,864.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Ehh...they...ehh..., as far as I know, were unable to get out, because they had no fuel. I had the opportunity to hear literally on the streets when they were yelling to each other, of course, in Russian, about, ‘Where should we obtain fuel? We are not given any. there is no [word not clear].’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=864.0,882.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of fuel or oil?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=882.0,883.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I don’t know. Oil, probably oil or kerosene, et cetera. I was on the very coast . Ehh...on the coast of the gulf I could observe how...what do you call it ...the ships maneuvered several times, how at night they would send [launches] ashore in order to obtain fuel from the shore, because at that time the German planes already endeavored to bomb these ships. The same occurred with the military forces below...ehh...meaning not below but on the coast where...ehh...in a very strange way [human] figures were running back and forth, individual figures, like messengers, or something like that, who made the impression of greatly frightened and perplexed people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=883.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, this is a general picture of [hasty] evacuation. Well, then the Germans came, and you continued working on your own [?].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=934.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=940.0,942.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now what happened to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=942.0,944.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e To me personally? I returned to my apartment, to the two rooms, with my aunt, and we continued to live there together, and I continued to draw [paint] little pictures, et cetera, and did not experience, especially...ehh...at the beginning, any special inconveniences on the part of the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=944.0,958.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened afterwards?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=958.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Afterwards? This lasted about up to...ehh...the beginning of the year ’42, that is, nearly a whole year, no, less than a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=960.0,969.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=969.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e After that I was called...ehh...to the Arbeitsamt in the center of the city. I arrived there, and they asked me a series of questions as to what my occupation was, et cetera, et cetera. And told me that actually...I spoke German satisfactorily, because at one time I had attended a German Gymnasium [the name not clear] Schule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=972.0,993.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where? In Revel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=993.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e In Revel. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=992.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=994.0,995.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And...ehh...meaning...ehh...they [said] that was unimportant work, et cetera, et cetera. They asked me who I was by nationality. I told them I was Russian. They filled out a proper [index] card and suggested that I come around in another week. When I came in a week I was handed...ehh...some kind, how to say [chuckle]...they handed me a paper, in general, with a content or an order about me having to journey to Austria or they did not say Austria, just named the city of Linz...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=995.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1025.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . where I indeed went after three days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1025.0,1027.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm. They called this [Linz] Ostmark [name for Austria after the annexation by Hitler].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1027.0,1029.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1029.0,1030.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And so you went alone or with an echelon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1030.0,1032.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e No. there went a rather large number, and some of the people were even...ehh...my acquaintances...ehh...from Revel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1032.0,1040.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And how were you transported? What kind of train cars, and how were the conditions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1040.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Ehh...the conditions of travel were rather satisfactory. To be sure, the train cars were freight cars, but with plank beds, et cetera. Moreover...ehh..., we were given food on the road [pause] of average quality. At any rate we did not go hungry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1044.0,1060.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was anybody beaten?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1060.0,1062.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e No. [Pause] The only inconvenience was that we hardly could get off [the train] except for...in such...ehh...instances when we stopped for a long time. And that was for me the cause of an accident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1062.0,1061.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How come?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1061.0,1076.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Near Vienna...ehh...I went out...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1076.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1080.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I don’t know the name—a little hamlet, just in the immediate vicinity of Vienna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1080.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1085.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e There we stood for three days, and we were getting off to wash and get cleaned up. And near the water tower...ehh...next to which [laughter] we were washing,, during the re-arrangement of the rolling stock I was hit by a train car. I fell and broke a leg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1085.0,1102.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1102.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And for that reason I was [not?] transported farther with the echelon, but was sent from the start...ehh...to some small hospital or something of the kind in that little hamlet or suburb of Vienna. And afterwards I was transferred to Vienna proper, to the Samaritan Hospital. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1104.0,1122.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1122.0,1125.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e After I...I was put in a cast, and I remained there for quite a long time. And there...ehh...they took rather good care of me, and more so when I afterwards requested some paper and started to draw everybody who was there, my nurses, afterwards the doctor—surgeon, a young and very handsome physician who was taking care of me. And I and this doctor became afterwards such friends that he proposed that I remain in—the doctor was an activist—and he proposed that I remain in Vienna and help his wife, who was doing some Kunstgewerbe with her work. In this manner I remained in Vienna. Through the acquaintance [influence] of this doctor I succeeded in arranging with the Arbeitsamt [so that] I was considered...ehh...how to say, an independent professional man, and I was able to occupy myself during the following three years with the same activities with which I occupied myself already in Revel, that is, drawing all kinds of little pictures, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1125.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. You came to be...ehh..., so to speak, a colleague of Hitler. He too was an artist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1184.0,1188.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, in some way. With the difference that [laughter] I occupied myself with the drawing of pictures, while he occupied himself...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1188.0,1196.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1196.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And this is...now so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And so, where were you at the moment of liberation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e At the moment of liberation...I was in Vienna all the time, up to the moment when it...the Bolsheviks started approaching Vienna. Since I knew the Soviets from my experiences in Revel, or rather from the experiences of my father, because these were just [personal] experiences and not final complete conclusions—such knowledge I did not have—I did not want to remain in Vienna, and got out of there with a whole stream [of people] running away from Vienna. And moved from there to the West. [Pause] Ehh...At the beginning of May, about the 6th, I crossed the Bavarian border [pause] and [unintelligible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1205.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me, you legally went over to the West?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1247.0,1251.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I went illegally together, as I told you, with those innumerable echelons. And, moreover, I managed to travel part of the road with my compatriots, who were running away from somewhere in Russia, from near Smolensk...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1251.0,1265.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1265.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e with whom I managed [laughter] to chat during the journey, and who told me about Soviet Russia a multitude of sad things [stories], about how they were left...left without a homeland, without anything. And when I asked them how come they are abandoning their homeland, they answered that for them it would also have been hard to sta...remain...How to say it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1266.0,1287.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e To live.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1287.0,1287.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . as hard to live as here in a foreign country. I parted afterwards from them, and together with another man I proceeded through devastated Munich. It was thus. Barely did I cross the border between...ehh...Austria and Bavaria when I met the first American forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1287.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e It was as simple as that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1308.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1310.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, and afterwards, how did you get to Munich? Or...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1310.0,1313.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I...ehh...moved on to southern Bavaria and arrived partly on foot, partly on conveyances, in Kempten. In Kempten I went to a camp...ehh...for DP’s where I remained for eight days. The life in the camp was very hard for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1313.0,1333.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, what did you eat en route? How did you...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1333.0,1335.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e En route I sustained myself in the most varied ways. Until I reached the American forces I sustained myself by going to various peasants, and asking for something, et cetera. And it must be said that in Austria the people in this respect were much kinder than afterwards [the people] in Bavaria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1335.0,1354.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1354.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e But in Bavaria I spent one day without the Americans. There was a frightful confusion, and...ehh...I was not surprised that nobody cared to feed me, because all people were in frightful agitation and fear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1355.0,1369.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1369.0,1369.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1369.0,1370.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And where were the troops?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1370.0,1372.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e The troops?...ehh...I happened to meet only in one of the villages which I passed. I endeavored not to walk on the main highways...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1372.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1379.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . because I proceeded without documents, and that was dangerous, and I think that I managed to pass through because of the reign of a peculiar and tense mood. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1379.0,1389.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1389.0,1390.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Ehh...At any rate, I attempted not to march on the large highways, but tried to walk from farmhouse to farmhouse through the little villages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1390.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1396.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e And in this way...ehh...I sustained myself until the instant when I met the first American division. And this first American division supplied me with dry [food] packages, and on these dry packages I managed to get to southern Bavaria to [the city of] Kempten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1397.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e On foot or...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1410.0,1412.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Part by automobile, a short distance across from the border of Bavaria and as far as...ehh...Munich, and through Munich, a short distance past, I covered by automobile, on an American...a truck. And afterwards I still walked a short distance, and in fact this was the most interesting part of my recent life. At that time I had paper with me, I had watercolors, and I sketched all kinds of particular...ehh...buildings which had impressed me and aroused my interest. I sketched pictures of Bavarian life. That was most interesting, and I felt myself truly—for the first time after many years—free and gained...full of hope for the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1412.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. Well, tell me this. [Pause]...ehh...You told me that you wanted to tell me something about your...the UNRRA University. What faculty are you personally attending?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1454.0,1464.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e The faculty of architecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1464.0,1465.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Architecture. I kind of suspected it, but did not want to jump to conclusions. Well let us take ten minutes, and tell me something about the [UNRRA] University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1465.0,1474.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Good. I really did not want to talk about the university. I wanted to talk about that which interests me personally...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1474.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that is not in the university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1480.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . concerning the university. I told you already that in Kempten I got into a camp [apparently for non-Jewish DP’s]. I...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1480.0,1485.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Kempten?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1485.0,1486.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Kempten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1486.0,1487.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where is it [located]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1487.0,1488.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e That is in the Allgäu in southern Bavaria. In the DP camp [unintelligible]. I withstood this camp for exactly eight days, because to live doing nothing, to get help for nothing, it was so painful for me . Life itself with a kind of people who do not see for themselves a way out, do not see that they could become useful to other people by starting to work [see Jacob Oleiski, Chapter 30], and [with] people who rely on...ehh...getting help from somewhere without deserving it in some way, that was very difficult for me [see Note 1 at the end of this chapter].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1488.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you mean to say without deserving [being worthy] or without earning?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1525.0,1529.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Without earning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1529.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e There is a difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1530.0,1531.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Without earning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1531.0,1532.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You understand that people who were for years in Buchenwald...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1532.0,1534.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say thus...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1534.0,1536.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . and who...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1536.0,1536.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e People who were in Buchenwald, people who worked hard for the Germans, worked very hard—because I know many people who had to do things which hardly any other nation could compel [a person] to do—. . . ehh...such people, of course, deserved a rest, and, of course, earned the opportunity to...ehh...for some time, really relax, so as to be capable again in the future...ehh...of creativity and work . But [pause] I, however, want to say that I not only earn but in addition deserve, because I have seen these camps [for DP’s], and particularly in the camp where I had a chance to be, an enormous number of people who by their psychology [personality], by their [pause]...ehh...[some distance of silence on the wire] were no sufficiently high morally and...ehh...[pause], how to say ethically...people who took advantage of the possibility of being supported at the cost...ehh...of somebody else’s wealth...ehh..., took advantage in the sense that they attempted to organize all kinds of [unintelligible] in the sense that they tried to arrange any kind of sale [pause][black markets], or...ehh...[pause] devoted themselves to all kinds of love affairs, and simply rob the peasants in the vicinity, et cetera.[See again Jacob Oleiski, Chapter 30.] I understand the burst of anger, the burst of hatred towards people who oppressed us for a long time , but to enrich yourself at the cost of these people, in my opinion, is shameless and immoral [unscrupulous]. And these circumstances compelled me to leave the camp. I left and told myself that never again shall I enter into such a camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1536.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hold on, let us ask you another question. It is very interesting for us because. You say ‘to become enriched’...ehh...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1662.0,1668.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1668.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You were...you had a chance to earn all the time. During all that time you probably were not struck [beaten] a single time. Were you struck [beaten] at any time during your whole stay in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1669.0,1679.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1679.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And now you take people who were searched, whose things were constantly taken away. These things were distributed among the Germans [pause] as gifts, and [or] were sold. [unintelligible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1680.0,1693.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1693.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And then, meaning, if we assume, entered the village and took away [their] trunks, took away [their] things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1694.0,1700.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e That is not theft...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1700.0,1701.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Then how could you say ‘to enrich themselves at the cost of the population of the region’?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1701.0,1704.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I shall say something else. That I understand. And I said that I understand the burst of anger and I understand the hatred for the Germans. And I would say that I do not like the Germans. And they are obnoxious to me. And I wanted to talk about it then, when I thought of talking about it, why I am with this university, why I work in this [UNRRA] university as my social activity [public service]. But I would say [that] in order to answer your question about the methods they use...I know that there were a large number of purely criminal elements, partly from Soviet Russia—because I am in good command of the Russian language. I talked to them. I saw that they had remained...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1704.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were these war prisoners?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1743.0,1744.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Not necessarily war prisoners. People of all kinds. I talked to them, and I saw to what kind of psychological depths they had sunk. What were they thinking about? They did not think of taking back what was taken from them by force. What they thought about was that in Soviet Russia they had no chance to steal, they had no opportunity to rob people, to kill. Here they literally organized in gangs in order to promote their own [selfish] business, and not for the purpose of having avenged the evil which the Germans had done to them. No. And precisely these people I consider people who under no condition are deserving of the help of any nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1744.0,1783.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And were there many such people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1783.0,1785.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I reckon that from among those people...I reckon that from among those people who came from the East [pause], predominantly from Soviets regions, only a small part of those not belonging to the intelligentsia was not of that kind. All those who came here honestly, who were dragged over here [to Germany], who were compelled to work here, peasantry, [industrial] workers from Russia, they have returned. However, those who have remained here, in most cases, were people of a criminal bent of personality, and I figure that there are no reasons whatsoever to lend support to such people. Only those people who have felt a kind of spiritual oppression—and these are for the most part the intelligentsia who had come from Soviet Russia—they have remained honest, and for that reason poor as well. And [pause] in the majority, they did not want to live together with these [criminal] elements. [pause] I now meet these people rather often. I know they are people from Soviet Russia, but I associate with them, I like to talk with them, because in them I see the real characteristics of intelligent [pause], understanding people, who know why they are here. I divide...ehh...the Russians, those who have come now from Soviet Russia, into two categories. They are either people who knew why they are going away from there, [pause] because there there was no opportunity to develop their creative abilities. There was no...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1785.0,1885.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean they took advantage of the invasion of the Germans to get away from there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1885.0,1888.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e To get out of Russia, or, if they were taken out by force from Russia, to remain here. Or in part [the second category] they are the element which left Russia, because they did not have there a chance to make use of the other...the other one’s [person’s] property, the other one’s possessions, and live here day in, day out by a chance to live on the labors of others. [Pause] Those people who have come from there or were taken out of there [by force], who were accustomed to work there, those also went to work here. And these are mostly the intelligent...the group of the intelligentsia—in part, of course, not only the intelligentsia. And these people are also working now. They, in most cases, don’t conglomerate in [DP] camps, but endeavor to make a living in some other way away but away from those people [the criminal element].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1888.0,1940.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And the Germans? Do they permit them to work here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1940.0,1942.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e In some instances, yes. It is very difficult, but possible. I know quite a few cases where people live...ehh...outside the [DP] camps and work, say, for the American forces and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1942.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Mm hmm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e or work for American camps. This the Germans cannot prohibit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,1958.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And where do you live?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1958.0,1959.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I live near [name not clear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1959.0,1961.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In a dormitory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1961.0,1962.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Privately, like the majority of our students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1962.0,1965.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Not with UNRRA?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1965.0,1965.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Not with UNRRA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1965.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How? Were you billeted with the Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1966.0,1969.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. That was done nearly for all students of our university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1969.0,1972.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Does anybody pay for their apartments?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1972.0,1975.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e According to the latest...ehh...orders...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1975.0,1975.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e The Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1975.0,1977.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e The German government has to pay, or rather the Bavarian government, to be exact. Up to now we paid ourselves, and we ourselves earned the money. But I have to say that now...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1977.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you earn?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1986.0,1988.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e I earned all the time in the same way. Like before, I was drawing, make all kinds of...ehh...sketches for coloring, and sold them in German stores. And the German stores accepted them. In this respect the Germans did not exercise any special pressure over me. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1988.0,2003.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2003.0,2004.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e For some time I worked here and for one firm. In a firm, however, managed by a Russian. Ehh...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2004.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What Russian?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2010.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e A certain engineer of [the] Kaiser...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2010.0,2013.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How can he manage a firm?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2013.0,2015.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Here are quite a few firms which are managed mostly not only by Russians but by many foreigners. Construction firms and engineering firms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2015.0,2024.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Are these, so to speak, new firms?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2024.0,2026.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e These are firms which were founded after the Americans had arrived and liberated prisoners...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2026.0,2030.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2030.0,2031.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . because there were quite a few [businesses] here either taken out of Russia or taken our of Czechia, or other countries occupied at one time by the Germans, who [the employees] have remained here and endeavored, at any rate, to work in some way so that they could make a living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2031.0,2047.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And they intend to remain here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2047.0,2049.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e In the majority of cases, no. I don’t know a single case when the foreigners wanted...[correction] would have wanted to remain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2049.0,2055.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now why is that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2055.0,2056.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Why? I will tell you about that right away together with our talk about the university in order to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2056.0,2060.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, yes, yes, I won’t interrupt you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2060.0,2062.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: I myself [pause] found out that a university is being organized in connection with UNRRA [pause], and I went to that university not withstanding [in spite of] my knowledge of the German language and not withstanding my knowledge that here is a definite norm for the admission of foreigners into the Germans educational institutions. I considered that to go to people who have started this war, and who according to their psychology, as previously, hate foreigners, that would mean to go into an environment known to be hostile. On the other hand, during this war, especially here, I had the opportunity to meet not only with Russians who had come from the East, but also with Poles, in part war prisoners who worked with farmers, in part...ehh...people taken out of there [Poland], and with Ukrainians, and most recently with Balts. And in all of them I noticed one common [character] streak, a streak of desire, after the war [pause], in some way to build, life on a new foundation, especially among the young people. On the basis of understanding each other, and friendship with each other . And it appeared to me that if this university, which is just now being created, would gain strength, if this university [pause] will come to be an entity which could really live and exist, then it could bring about a real collaboration of work with one with another, and especially for us, the people from the East who, as I observed for the last three years, could never come to terms to be friends with each other. They wanted it, but always continued thinking, ‘No, I am a Ukrainian.’ ‘I am a Pole. We can’t be together,’ or ‘I am a Ukrainian, and you are a Muscovite, a Russian. You...ehh...are oppressing our nation,’ et cetera. And it appeared to me that in this university we, the youth, who after [pause] sufficient preparation will become the leaders in their own countries, in their own lands...if we should be friends among ourselves we would be able to create a rapprochement between our countries to an extent necessary in order that there will be neither wars nor these horrible totalitarian regimes which humiliate man and [oppress] his abilities to think and to create for the good of other [his fellow] men. And with this idea I came to the university. The first thing that I noticed at the university [pause] was that there was no such idea, that people have come here after the long years, during which they were torn away from learning, in order to study. That was good. But [pause] that was not all. What was missing here was unity, and for that reason the scholastic, academic spirit was also missing. [Pause] And already during the first month [pause] I, we, meaning, at the faculty started to talk thus: That in order to live actually in friendship, and in order to create academic conditions not akin to an average DP camp, which very many have experienced and which very many have left for the same reasons that I have left, we have to hold together and demand toward ourselves a different attitude, different than accorded to the average masses [of DP's], an attitude toward us as students, as studying youth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2062.0,2281.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now what kind of a special attitude toward students at the university [are you talking about]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2281.0,2284.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e This I can describe by means of an example which not long ago happened among us in a camp. I think that would interest you. We had here a strike, a very real hunger...hunger revolt, I would say. Ehh...That may appear strange. However, there were reasons for it. When the students once arrived in the morning at their university, they were not permitted to enter the university by the so-called DP police, that is, DP’s who were organized to maintain order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2284.0,2324.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e By DP you mean displaced persons? [The interviewer was apparently surprised that he used the English term.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2324.0,2328.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e These DP...this DP police aroused the indignation of the students by their sheer appearance, because it is proper that there be no police in the university. But what was most strange was that they permitted themselves first to push and chase students from corner to corner, and when our professors arrived, after detaining the dean of the university, they submitted him to a meticulous...ehh...search, compelled him to present all kinds of documents, and treated him most impertinently. This aroused the students most of all. Afterwards quite a few professors of advanced age, in order to get into the university, had to jump over benches, among them a lady...ehh..., a microbiologist, most respected among us as a professor, was obliged to do the same and this was the reason that the students started a frightful noise and literally were beside themselves [Pause]. For me as the president of the student organization of our university it was very hard to quiet down the aroused students. After assembling them with great difficulty in the yard of the university, I asked the people to calm down, not to cause great debauchery, and if they want at all to do something...I agreed to the demand of the majority of the students to decide not to take any nourishment, not to eat, until we would be promised that the police will be removed and police method will not be used in our university. The strike lasted, all together, one day, only two times [meaning twice they staged a hunger strike] but it proved that during the six months which we had spent in the university all the students, without distinction of nationality or creed, had united into such a family that all went out on such a risky venture as a strike. There was complete solidarity. This is just an example, an example of that which we consider a wrong attitude towards students, and which arouses our indignation. That is precisely why we are talking about the academic spirit and relationships.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2328.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now permit me. How did they explain it to you? How did that whole police episode come about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2460.0,2466.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e It had come about by mistake. By a big mistake...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2466.0,2468.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But since it was a mistake [?]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2468.0,2469.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Entirely correct. But it seems to me that concerning students such mistakes are not permissible, [as if correcting himself] and in general concerning people, not only students. After all, there exist different norms of conduct...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2469.0,2479.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes, but here is a theater of military operations...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2479.0,2482.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e That is correct. But in spite of that I don’t think that we have given any grounds for such treatment. We endeavor [unintelligible] always to behave correctly, and [pause] I personally consider that the strike was a very bad thing. I...personally do not like it, because it is not proper to do such things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2482.0,2500.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What was improper?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2500.0,2501.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e It was improper to organize a strike, et cetera. I think it would have been possible to come to terms without it. But it was provoked, because that was not the first time, and that is why it occurred, due to the mood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2501.0,2512.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You see, I think we have to give here some explanation. Deutsches Museum is not only a university. You have here also a center for the registration of DP’s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2512.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Entirely correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2523.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And it is possible, when the police was posted, they...[apparently coughs] police were posted, they were not exactly told which points...ehh...to say, to guard and which to open.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2523.0,2535.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e Unfortunately this did not take place. The fact of the matter is that there are entrances from two sides. At one side the DPs enter, and this was directed definitely against the students, because on that day...ehh...there was a check-up on the attendance of the lectures, which the student body exercises on its own, on its own initiative, since we don’t want to have idlers in our university, or people who would come to the university solely to take advantage of the privileges given by UNRRA, and for which we are very grateful to UNRRA, but only...ehh...[people who would come] to study. And people who study we want in our university. And that is why we maintained through our student organization such registrations, and we were able to furnish information about who the people were, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2535.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e At this time an error occurred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,2576.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, [pause] is there anything else that you would like to tell us or you would like to tell the American students?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2576.0,2583.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eValerius Michelson:\u003c/strong\u003e To the American students I should like to say this, that the students, the foreigners who study in our university and who in a very large part study in German universities, all of them endeavor to rally together, endeavor to overcome all the hatred among nations, which is still up to now very strong in Europe, in order to work towards the construction of their countries in the spirit of cooperation [friendship] with the rest, in the spirit of actual all-human friendship, so that there be no more events like the past war, that here would be no more events similar to Hitler’s state. And we want the creation of an international university. We know that what we have here now in Munich is not an international university. Or better, it is international, but not yet a university, because we are short of very many things. Even we ourselves, in our own views about the world, [and] in our...ehh...opportunities, needed to call ourselves a real international university. But we think that we could serve as a kernel for such a cooperation, and for such a university in which would be brought up the intelligentsia of the future. That is about all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2583.0,2660.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70122/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So. [In English] This concludes the interview of Mr. Valerius Michelson, a student of architecture at the International University of UNRRA. Munich, September the 24th, 1946. We had here quite some interruptions of some very important visitors which [whom] I could not stave away, and from that standpoint we have lost at times quite a bit some time [of material]. An Illinois Institute of Technology wire recording.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2660.0,2691.176"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Russian transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Munich, September the 24th, 1946, at the UNRRA University in the Deutsches Museum, a university for displaced students from all over the world; about more than a dozen nationalities. The interviewee is a gentleman, Valerius Michelson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=4.243,29.394"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Wie alt sind Sie?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=29.394,32.478"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Thirty years of age, a student at the university, and he is Lithuanian? Or Latvian?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=32.478,39.474"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: No, Russian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=39.474,40.703"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Or...or he is Russian!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=40.703,44.431"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Тогда, может быть, по-русски говорить будем дальше?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=44.431,45.895"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Ну конечно.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=45.895,46.86"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: И он будет говорить с нами по-русски. Говорите. Возьмите так. Господин Михельсон, я бы Вас попросил [пауза] сказать мне, где Вы были и что с Вами произошло...эээ...с того моментакак...эээ...началась или война, или движение советских войск по направлению к западу.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=46.86,83.586"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я в это время находился в Эстонии.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=83.586,85.802"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А где в Эстонии?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=85.802,86.871"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: В городе Ревеле. Или Таллинне.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=86.871,85.802"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так. А Вы...эээ...с каких пор жили в Ревеле?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=85.802,95.299"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я жил с 19го года.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=95.299,97.609"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Значит, прямо после первой революции.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=97.609,100.124"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=100.124,100.608"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Жили Вы с Вашими родителями там?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=100.608,102.959"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я жил вместе с [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=102.959,106.733"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: И вот, значит, в каком году...эээ...Советы пришли в Ревель? Первый раз?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=106.733,112.871"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: В 39ом году.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=112.871,114.403"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Хорошо. [Неразборчиво]? Что Вы тогда делали? И так далее.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=114.403,119.413"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я в это время находился в Ревеле. И [пауза] занимался, собственно, тем, что рисовал и так далее. Я готовился к тому, чтобы в скором времени окончить техническую школу в Ревеле.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=119.413,136.434"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так. Вы были студентом?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=136.434,138.019"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я был студентом.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=138.019,139.026"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: С этого и начните. Вы были студентом технической школы в Ревеле и были близко к окончанию.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=139.026,143.365"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Был близко к окончанию.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=143.365,147.462"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Хорошо. Что с Вами лично случилось, с Вашими ближними, семьёй, когда Советы пришли в Ревель?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=147.462,154.648"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Мы вначале ожидали Советов как русских [пауза] и поэтому радовались приходу. Но [пауза] в очень скором времени убедились в том, что тут то радоваться особенно не приходилось. Мой отец был редактором русской газеты в Ревеле.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=154.648,176.6"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Как газета называлась?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=176.6,178.145"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Газета называлась «Свобода России».","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=178.145,180.711"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: В Ревеле?! Она называлась «Свобода России»?!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=180.711,183.626"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=183.626,184.244"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А как же эстонцы такую газету позволяли? Или что это было? Ах, да! Это было...под свободой России подразумевалась свобода от Советов.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=184.244,193.579"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Нет, это была газета довольно левая.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=193.579,196.789"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=196.789,197.461"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Но она была очень закрытой [неразборчиво].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=197.461,200.161"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=200.161,200.511"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Причем такой закрытой [неразборчиво], отец работал экономистом.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=200.511,203.761"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=203.761,206.34"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: . . . эээ...Якак раз упомянул эту газету, потому что она была чрезвычайно левого направления. Отец был в своё время эсером и поэтому сочувствовал движению в России и полагал, что, если не большевизм прямо, то, во всяком случае, социалистическая революция в России необходима. Я был воспитан тоже в этих взглядах. И считал себя всегда...эээ...человеком не...во всяком случае, не...эээ...фашистского или даже не капиталистического толка. [Пауза] Тем не менее, после прихода Советов в Эстонию [пауза] в очень скором времени у отца началися неприятности [пауза] и к концу...в начале 40го года...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=206.34,260.833"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=260.833,263.331"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: . . . его вызвали...два раза вызывали в...в органы НКВД...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=263.331,281.459"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Что это такое – НКВД?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=281.459,282.843"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Это...эээ...ммм...Народный Комиссариат...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=282.843,291.158"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Советская полиция или что-то?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=291.158,292.891"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: . . . Внутренних Дел республики. Это своего рода...да, своего рода советское гестапо, что ли. [Со смехом]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=292.891,298.936"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Да. [Неразборчиво, очень тихо]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=298.936,305.8"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я не знаю. Это в своё время называлося ГПУ, а затем было переименовано. Когда, я не знаю точно, во всяком случае, когда они пришли туда, то там были и пограничные войска, и...эээ...такая...эээ...тайная полиция. Тогда они все носили одно и то же название [неразборчиво]. [Пауза] И затем [пауза] март 41го года отец, уходя на службу утром, конечно, не ожидал, что он не вернется назад. Он исчез, и с тех пор я о нём не имел никаких известий. [Пауза]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=305.8,352.951"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ни Вы, ни Ваша мать, никто.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=352.951,355.221"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Ни я, - мать у меня уже умерла раньше, - я не получал больше никаких известий.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=355.221,358.955"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Кто у Вас в семье был [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=358.955,360.93"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: У меня была тётя, которая меня воспитывала. [Пауза] И которой затем удалось уехать в Финляндию. [Пауза]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=360.93,371.405"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вы от неё [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=371.405,373.823"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я...эээ...от неё получил письмо, пересланное мной моим двоюродным братом из Бельгии. У меня три двоюродных брата, которые сейчас в Бельгии, и через них я получил эти письма, потому что прямой связи сейчас с Финляндией нет. [Пауза] Ну, после этого, Вы знаете,...эээ...к осени, довольно ранней осени, [пауза] в августе...в конце июля, начале августа пришли немцы.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=373.823,414.437"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так. [Пауза] Так отец Ваш не вернулся? Вы не наводили о нём никаких справок? Не расспросили...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=414.437,419.049"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я пытался расспросить, но не получил никаких известий. Меня даже вызывали два раза и допрашивали относительно будто бы антисоветского движения отца и работы, которую [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=419.049,435.768"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=435.768,436.959"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Но меня отпустили, потому что я в это время был довольно самостоятельный, не жил с ним вместе и, вероятно, меня не сочли ни в чём особо виновным. Я...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=436.959,448.954"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [Неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=448.954,451.525"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да, да. Я лично думаю, что [пауза] отец едва ли вёл какую-то антисоветскую работу, потому что он, во-первых, был уже довольно стар, а во-вторых, по своим убеждениям, мне думается, не мог быть противником советской власти.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=451.525,472.175"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вы какого вероисповедания?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=472.175,474.311"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Православный.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=474.311,476.796"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Я спрашиваю, какого вероисповедания [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=476.796,484.874"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Ну, вот. Я сказал щас – православный, но я не хочу утверждать этого совершенно определённо: я крещён как православный, но...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=484.874,495.996"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Я понимаю. Это Ваша семья. Семейный background православный.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=495.996,499.421"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да. Совершенно верно. [Пауза] Ну, затем [пауза] уже тогда, как начали вызывать в НКВД и так далее, и так далее – это не давало мне покоя и...эээ...положение у нас финансовое было скверное [пауза]. Мне пришлося довольно много работать. И главным образом, делать такого рода рисунки, картины и так далее для того, чтобы зарабатывать.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=499.421,531.957"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ну, дальше, значит.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=531.957,533.354"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я это продолжал делать и до того момента, когда пришли немцы. [Пауза]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=533.354,542.34"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Подождите-ка,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=542.34,543.142"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=543.142,543.354"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: мне это интересует. Эээ...Советы были, значит, в Ревеле...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=543.354,549.177"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=549.177,550.507"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А как жизнь...? Например, Вы работали, Вы могли продавать свои работы там, получать за это деньги; лавки были открыты. Как всё это было?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=550.507,561.952"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да, эээ...дело в том, что такого изобилия, которое было в своё время в Эстонии – как и во всех прибалтийских странах, больше не было. Но...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=561.952,572.545"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вы говорите об экономической организации?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=572.545,574.842"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=574.842,575.258"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Частные лавки были?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=575.258,576.91"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Частные лавки оставалися, но начали закрываться. В это время пытались уже проводить, значит, своего рода, социализацию или я не знаю как это назвать – во всяком случае,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=576.91,587.911"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [Неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=587.911,592.102"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: . . . эээ...государ...эээ...превращать все эти отдельные предприятия в государственные предприятия. Одновременно...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=592.102,597.968"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Но это не сразу делалось?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=597.968,599.284"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Не сразу. Одновременно открылися и магазины, которые...ммм...в которых торговали приехавшие из России люди.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=599.284,610.486"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: То есть как, от себя торговали?!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=610.486,611.958"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Нет, в качестве государственных предприятий.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=611.958,615.491"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Как кооперативы?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=615.491,616.485"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Как кооперативы или, я бы сказал, что это даже выгодно...я бы сказал, что...эээ...собственно, не кооперативы. Потому что кооператив включает в себя понятие члена, пайщика и так далее, чего в этих магазинах не было.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=616.485,631.649"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] This concludes Spool 153, in the middle of an interview with Mr. Valerius Michelson, age 30, a student of the UNRRA University at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. September the 24th, 1946. An Illinois Institute wire recording. [Pause] Spool 154. We continue from Spool 153. The interview with Mr. Valecius Michel...Valerius Michelson. Mr. Michelson is apparently an important person [pause] in the life of the university, and he has an urge to talk about it. Well, we will try to see what we can get in...ahm in this short program, because we have changed our rule, and instead of letting everybody talk as long as possible, we are taking them in long half hour turns, because it simply would be a very great hardship to them of not having listened to the representative of each nationality. Maybe scientifically this would not be so immediately convertible in useful material, but we just have to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=631.649,657.777"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Spool 154. We continue from Spool 153. The interview with Mr. Valecius Michel...Valerius Michelson. Mr. Michelson is apparently an important person [pause] in the life of the university, and he has an urge to talk about it. Well, we will try to see what we can get in...ahm in this short program, because we have changed our rule, and instead of letting everybody talk as long as possible, we are taking them in one half hour turns, because it simply would be a very great hardship to them of not having listened to the representative of each nationality. Maybe scientifically this wouldn’t be so immediately convertible into useful material, but we just have to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=657.777,719.765"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Итак, значит, господин Михельсон, возьмём те пока так. Значит...эээ..., отца Вашегоотец Ваш исчез во время Советов?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=719.765,729.874"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=729.874,730.21"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вы пробивались, делая рисунки и...эээ...картины тоже?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=730.21,735.247"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=735.247,735.623"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Для кого Вы это делали?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=735.623,737.571"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я их делал для свободной продажи.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=737.571,739.887"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=739.887,740.008"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Продавал их у...частью у знакомых, а частью через них доставал людей, которые интересуются этим. И это же продолжал делать, когда пришли немцы.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=740.008,748.965"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Хорошо. Вот скажите, как немцы пришли. Как был этот переворот?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=748.965,754.042"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Видите, подробностей я рассказать не могу, потому что мы...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=754.042,756.809"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Нет, я не хочу общих. Как...? В той среде, где Вы были – были люди которые бежали, были люди, которых эвакуировали? Как всё это было?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=756.809,766.131"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Те люди, которые пришли с...с советской стороны – их было довольно много, - у меня было некоторые знакомые оттудова, [пауза] они почти все бежали раньше. Осталось очень малое количество.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=766.131,779.671"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=779.671,781.283"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Что же касается до...так называемая...старой русской иммиграции, которая там была, она в большинстве своём осталася и частью даже радовалась приходу немцев. Но не все. Я в это время был погружен, конечно, в хозяйственные заботы, потому что с уходом отца наше положение чрезвычайно ухудшилось. Эээ...тётя, с которой я вместе жил, очень старая уже, и она не могла, конечно, каким-то образом помогать мне, и мне приходилось прокармливать и её, и себя. И поэтому мне при...очень мало приходилось вести разговоров с людьми посторонними, только случайно. Во всяком случае, до прихода немцев я полагал, что будут довольно сильные бои там и постарался, вместе с моей тётей – так как мы жили за городом, - выбраться ещё дальше в предместье города Ревеля, в [неразборчиво].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=781.283,837.704"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=837.704,839.746"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: И там, собственно, мы и пережили весь приход [смеётся] немцев. Боёв никаких больших в Ревеле не было в это время и...и всё произошло довольно тихо. Эээ...незадолго до прихода немцев меня поражала страшная растерянность советской...советских солдат, армии и некоторых судов, стоящих на рейде в ревельской бухте.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=839.746,864.665"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Эээ...они...эээ...насколько я знаю, не имели возможности выехать, потому что не имели горючего. И вот мне приходилось буквально на улицах слышать о том, как, значит, что люди [неразборчиво, очень тихо] где раздобыть горючее, что нам его не дают...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=864.665,882.184"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [Неразборчиво] или масло?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=882.184,883.581"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Не знаю. Масло, очевидно, масло или керосин. И так далее. Я жил на побережье на самом. Эээ...на берегу залива и мог наблюдать, как...это самое...несколько раз маневрировали суда, как ночью выезжали оттудова для того, чтобы ввозить горючее с берега, потому что в это время уже немецкие самолёты пыталисябомбардировать эти самые суда. То же самое происходило и в войсках внизу...эээ...т.е. не внизу, собственно, а на берегу, где...эээ...очень странно металися взад и вперёд фигуры отдельных, очевидно, посыльных или кого-то в этом духе, которые производили впечатление страшно напуганных и страшно растерянных людей.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=883.581,934.853"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ну да, это общая такая Ваша чёрная картина. Ну, значит, пришли немцы, и Вы продолжали работать своим образом.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=934.853,940.804"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=940.804,942.174"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Что же сейчас случилось с Вами?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=942.174,944.229"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Со мной лично...я вернулся на свою квартиру, на свои две комнаты с тётей и продолжал там жить вместе, и продолжал там делать эти самые картинки и так далее, причём никаких особых...эээ...неудобств со стороны немцев вначале не замечал.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=944.229,958.038"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Что случилось потом?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=958.038,960.657"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Потом...это продолжалося примерно до...эээ...начала 42го года, то есть почти целый год. Нет, меньше, чем год. [Пауза] После этого я был вызван...эээ...в арбайтсамт в самом городе. Приехал туда, и мне там предложили ряд вопросов о том, чем я занимаюсь и так далее, и так далее и сказали, что, собственно – я по-немецки говорил прилично тогда, потому что я учился в своё время в немецкой гимназии [неразборчиво] шуле, -...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=960.657,993.628"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Где? В Ревеле?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=993.628,992.924"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: В Ревеле, да. И...эээ...значит...эээ...собственно говоря, что это неважная работа и так далее, и так далее. Спросили меня, кто я по национальности. Я сказал, что русский. Составили соответствующую карточку и предложили прийти ещё через неделю. Когда я пришёл через неделю, мне вручили...эээ...такую...как бы сказать [со смехом]...бумажку, в общем, такого содержания или приказ о том, что я должен выехать на работу в Австрию или, значит, они не говорили в Австрию, а назвали город просто – в Линц, на...куда я и отправился ещё через три дня.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=992.924,1027.959"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Хм. Это называли Остмарк [неразборчиво]? И что, Вы сами отправились или с эшелоном?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1027.959,1032.365"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Нет, там поехало довольно большое количество. Причем, некоторые из людей были тоже...эээ...знакомые мои...эээ...по Ревелю.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1032.365,1040.975"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А как все везли? Какие вагоны? И как условия были?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1040.975,1044.615"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Эээ...условия поездки были довольно приличные. Вагоны были, правда, товарные, но с нарами и так далее. И кроме того,...эээ...мы получали еду по дороге [пауза] среднего качества, но во всяком случае голодными не были.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1044.615,1060.974"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Били кого-нибудь?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1060.974,1062.21"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Нет. [Пауза] Единственное неудобство было, что выходить было почти невозможно, кроме как на...в таких...эээ...случаях, когда мы долгое время стояли. И это послужило для меня причиной несчастья: я вышел...эээ...около Вены – я не знаю точно, как называлось маленькое местечко, но непосредственно около Вены, – там мы стояли в течение трёх дней и значит, выходили для того, чтобы вымыться и привести себя в порядок. И около...эээ...водокачки, у которой [со смехом] мы мылися во время аранжировки состава, меня толкнул вагон, я упал и переломил себе ногу. И поэтому с эшелоном дальше не был направлен. А был отправлен сначала...эээ...в небольшую больницу или что-то в этом духе в этой...в этом маленьком селении или пригороде Вены, а затем переправлен в самую Вену, в Самаритана госпиталь. [Пауза] Потом я...меня положили в гипс; я довольно долгое время находился там и при этом...эээ...довольно хорошо за мной ухаживали, тем более после того, как я попросил бумагу и начал рисовать всех, кто там был из моих сиделок, потом врача-хирурга – молодого, очень симпатичного врача, который за мной ухаживал. И с этим врачом я настолько впоследствии подружился, что он мне предложил остаться – врач был активист – предложил мне остаться в Вене и помогать работать его жене, которая занималася кунстгевербе. Таким образом, я остался в Вене. Через знакомство этого врача мне удалося устроить через арбайтсамт, я считался...эээ...так сказать, человеком свободной профессии и мог заниматься в течение последующих трёх лет тем, чем я начал заниматься в Ревеле, т.е. рисованием всякого рода картинок и тому подобного.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1062.21,1184.631"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так. Вы, значит были...эээ...так сказать, коллегой Гитлера – он же тоже был артист.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1184.631,1188.701"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да, приблизительно. Только с той разницей, что [со смехом] я занимался рисованием картинок, я он занимался...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1188.701,1196.163"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так. Ну, дальше.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1196.163,1198.888"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: И вот значит...теперь так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1198.888,1196.854"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А где Вы были в момент освобождения?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1196.854,1205.195"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: В момент освобождения. Я был всё время в Вене, до того момента, когда к ней...к Вене стали приближаться большевики. Так как я знал Советы по...моим переживаниям в Ревеле, или вернее по переживаниям моего отца – т.е. это были только переживания, а не просто конечные, смертельные сводки – этого я не знаю,- я не захотел остаться в Вене и выбрался оттуда вместе с целым потоком бегущих из Вены. И передвигался оттудова на запад. [Пауза] Эээ...в начале мая, примерно числа шестого, я перешёл через баварскую границу [пауза] и [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1205.195,1247.245"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [Неразборчиво] Вы нелегально пошли, значит, на Запад?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1247.245,1251.503"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я пошёл нелегально, вместе, как я говорю, со всеми этими бесконечными эшелонами. Причём мне удалося часть дороги проехать вместе со своими соотечественниками, которые бежали откуда-то из России, близ Смоленска.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1251.503,1265.768"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1265.768,1266.091"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: С которыми мне удалось [со смехом] беседовать по пути, и которые мне передали о Советской России масса всяких печальных вещей и говоря о том, что они остались без...без Родины, без всего. Когда я их спрашивал, почему же, собственно, зачем же они уходили с Родины? Они говорили, что им также тяжело там оста...осталось быть...как бы сказать?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1266.091,1287.287"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Стало бы жить.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1287.287,1287.959"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: . . . стало бы жить, как и здесь, на чужбине. С ними я потом расстался. И вместе с одним человеком ещё двигался через разрушенный Мюнхен – это было так: я только что успел перейти границу между...эээ...Австрией и Баварией, как встретил первые американские части.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1287.959,1308.806"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так просто?!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1308.806,1310.042"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1310.042,1310.458"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ну, а потом как Вы в Мюнхен попали?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1310.458,1313.063"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я...эээ...затем уже передвигался в...на юг Баварии и дошёл, частью доехал до Кемптена. В Кемптене я пошёл в лагерь...эээ...ДП, в котором пробыл восемь дней. Жизнь в лагере была для меня страшно тяжёлой.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1313.063,1333.389"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Но что Вы ели на дороге? Как Вы...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1333.389,1335.471"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: По дороге я питался самым разнообразным образом. До тех пор, пока я добрался до американских частей, я питался преимущественно таким образом, что заходил к отдельным крестьянам и просил у них что-либо и так далее. И надо сказать, что в Австрии в этом отношении люди были гораздо более милыми, чем затем в Баварии.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1335.471,1354.642"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1354.642,1355.327"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Но в Баварии я пробыл один день без американцев. Там был страшный такой сумбур и...эээ...я не удивлялся тому, что никто не заботится о том, чтоб меня накормить, потому что все люди были в страшной тревоге и боязни.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1355.327,1369.554"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Немцы?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1369.554,1369.836"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Немцы.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1369.836,1370.602"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А войска где были?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1370.602,1372.254"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Войска...эээ...мне пришлось их встретить только в одном из сёл, в которые шёл я. Я старался не ходить по главным дорогам, потому что я шёл, конечно, без документов, и это было бы опасно. И я думаю, что я...мне удалось пройти только потому, что как раз всех мучило такое странное и напряжённое настроение. [Пауза] Эээ...во всяком случае, по большим дорогам я пытался не ходить, а старался идти от хутора к хутору по мелким деревушкам.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1372.254,1389.424"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1389.424,1390.243"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: И таким образом...эээ...пропитался до того момента, когда встретил первую американскую часть. Первая же американская часть снабдила меня сухими пакетами, и на этих сухих пакетах я добрался до юга Баварии в Кемптен.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1390.243,1410.89"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Пешком или...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1410.89,1412.126"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Частично на автомобиле. Один кусочек через...от границы Баварии и до...эээ...Мюнхена и через Мюнхен ещё маленький кусок я проехал на автомобиле, на американском грузовике. А затем...после этого, ещё прошёл кусочек, причём это было самая интересная часть моей последней жизни. В это время у меня была с собой бумага, была акварель, я зарисовывал всякого рода...эээ...дома отдельные, которые меня поражали и интересовали. Зарисовывал картинки быта в Баварии. Это было очень интересно, и я чувствовал себя действительно – в первый раз после многих лет - свободным и одержанным...полным надежд на будущее.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1412.126,1454.444"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так. Ну, скажите мне вот что. [Пауза]...эээ...Вы сказали, что Вы хотите кое-что сказать о Ваш...о УНРРА университете. Вы сами на каком факультете?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1454.444,1464.668"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: На архитектурном факультете.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1464.668,1465.837"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: На архитектурном. Я так и подозревал, но не хотел делать никаких заключений. Ну, возьмемте 10 минут и скажите мне что-нибудь об университете.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1465.837,1474.689"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Хорошо. Я не хотел, собственно, говорить об университете. Я хотел сказать о том, что меня лично интересует...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1474.689,1480.156"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Да, не что в университете.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1480.156,1480.922"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я уже говорил о том, что в Кемптене я попал в лагерь. Я...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1480.922,1485.717"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Кемптон?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1485.717,1486.658"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Кемптон.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1486.658,1487.612"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Где это?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1487.612,1488.754"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Это в Альсгай, на юге Баварии. В лагерь ДП [неразборчиво]. Я выдержал в этом лагере ровным счётом восемь дней. Потому что жить, ничего не делая, получать пособия не за что – это было для меня настолько мучительно! Самая жизнь с людьми, которые не видят для себя никакого выхода, ни видят, что они могут принести пользу другим людям, начав работать, и люди, которые полагаются на то, что они...эээ...будут откуда-то получать помощь, не заслуживая её ничем, - было для меня чрезвычайно тяжело.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1488.754,1525.169"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вы думаете незаслуженная или незарабатываемая?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1525.169,1529.304"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Незарабатываемая.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1529.304,1530.27"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Есть разница.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1530.27,1531.538"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да, незарабатываемая.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1531.538,1532.896"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вы понимаете, люди, которые были в Бухенвальде годами...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1532.896,1534.974"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я бы сказал,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1534.974,1536.331"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [Неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1536.331,1536.935"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: - Люди, которые были в Бухенвальде, люди, которые тяжело работали на немцев, очень тяжело работали, - потому что я знаю очень многих людей, которым приходилося делать вещи, которые, право, едва ли какое...какая-нибудь другая нация могла заставить делать человека. Эээ...эти люди, конечно, заслужили отдых и, конечно, заслужили возможность...эээ...некоторое время.... по настоящему отдохнуть, с тем, чтобы быть в дальнейшем опять способными...эээ...к творчеству и работе. Но [пауза] я всё-таки хочу сказать, что яне только...эээ...зарабатывая, но и заслуживая хочу прибавить. Потому что я увидел в этих лагерях, и в частности в том лагере, где мне пришлось быть, громадное количество людей, которые по своей психологии, по своей [пауза]...эээ...по своему внутреннему содержанию были недостаточно высоки и морально, и...эээ...[пауза] как бы сказать, нравственно; люди, которые использовали это...эту возможность быть поддерживаемым за счёт...эээ...какого-то чужого богатства...эээ...использовали в том отношении, что [неразборчиво, очень тихо] в том отношении, что...пыталися устраивать всякого рода куплю-продажу [пауза] или...эээ...[пауза] заниматься всякого рода любовными аферами, а подчас и просто грабить окружающих крестьян и прочее. Я понимаю вспышку гнева, вспышку такого...ненависти к людям, которые нас угнетали в течение долгого времени, но обогащаться за счёт этих людей, по-моему, бесстыдно и бессовестно. И эта обстановка заставила меня уйти из лагеря. Я ушёл и сказал себе, я никогда больше не попаду в этот лагерь.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1536.935,1662.488"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Подождите, зададим Вам другой вопрос. Это для нас очень интересно, потому что. Вы говорите «обогащаться»:...эээ...Вы были...всё время имели возможность зарабатывать. Вас, вероятно, за всё время ни разу не ударили. Ударили Вас когда-нибудь за это время в Германии?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1662.488,1679.181"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Нет, нет.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1679.181,1680.449"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: И тут Вы берёте людей, которых обыскивали, постоянно забирали вещи. Эти вещи рассылались немцам, [пауза] как подарки продавались. [Неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1680.449,1693.883"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я это понимаю.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1693.883,1694.607"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: И потом, значит, если они, предположим, вошли в деревню и забрали сундуки, забрали вещи...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1694.607,1700.221"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Это не обкрадывание.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1700.221,1701.64"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Так как же Вы могли сказать «обогащаться на счёт соседнего населения»?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1701.64,1704.779"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я скажу другое. Это я понимаю. И я сказал, что я понимаю их вспышку гнева и понимаю ненависть к немцам. И я скажу, что я не люблю немцев, и мне они противны. И об этом я хотел говорить тогда, когда я думал сказать о том, почему я с этим университете, и почему я работаю в этом университете на моей общественной работе. Но я скажу, что для того, чтобы ответить на Ваш вопрос о том, какими способами это делалось, я знаю, что целый ряд буквально криминальных элементов, частью из Советской России, – потому что я хорошо владею русским языком, я с ними разговаривал, - я видел, что они остались...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1704.779,1743.477"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Это военнопленные?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1743.477,1744.745"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Необязательно пленные, самые разнообразные люди. Я с ними разговаривал, и я видел, каково их психологическое нутро, что они думают при этом? Они думали не о том, чтобы забрать то, что у них взято силой. Они думали о том, что они в Советской России не имеют возможности обкрадывать людей, не имеют возможности грабить, убивать. Здесь они объединялись буквально в банды для того, чтобы устраивать свои личные дела. А не для того, чтобы каким-то образом искупить то зло, которое им сделали немцы, нет. И вот этих людей я считаю, безусловно, людьми, которые не достойны поддержки какого бы ни было народа.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1744.745,1783.518"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Было много таких людей?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1783.518,1785.57"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я полагаю, что из тех людей...я полагаю, что из тех людей, которые пришли с востока, [пауза] главным образом из советских областей, только малая часть неинтеллигентных бывали такого рода. Те, кто пришли честно сюда, которых сюда притащили...которых заставили здесь работать - крестьянство, рабочие из России, – они поехали назад. Те же, кто остался здесь, в большинстве случаев, были людьми с криминальным складом. И я считаю, что нет никаких оснований таким людям оказывать поддержку. И только те люди, которые испытывали какой-то духовный гнёт против них – и это главным образом, интеллигенция, пришедшая из Советской России, - она осталась честной и поэтому осталася и бедной, и [пауза], по большей части, не хотела жить вместе с этими элементами. [Пауза] Я встречаю этих людей сейчас довольно часто. Я знаю, что это люди из Советской России. Но я близок с ними, и я люблю с ними разговаривать, потому что вижу в них настоящие черты интеллигентных [пауза], разумных людей и знающих, почему они здесь. Я делю...эээ...людей русских, пришедших из Советской России сейчас на две категории: или на людей, которые знали, почему они сю...оттуда уходят [пауза], потому что там не было развития для их творческой способности. Не было...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1785.57,1885.564"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Они воспользовались приходом немцев, чтобы потом уйти из России?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1885.564,1888.733"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Чтобы уйти из России или, если они были силком вывезенные из России, остаться здесь. Или же частью - это элемент, который ушёл из России, потому что не находил возможности там пользоваться чужой...чужою собственностью, чужим добром и живут здесь, пользуясь изо дня в день возможностью жить не своим трудом. [Пауза] Те люди, которые пришли оттуда или были вывезены оттуда, привыкнув там работать, все хотят работать и здесь. И это главным образом интеллигентная...группа интеллигентные. Частью, конечно, и не только интеллигенция. И эти люди и сейчас работают. И они, в большинстве своих случаев, не собираются в лагерях, а стараются пробиваться к жизни как-нибудь другим способом, но вне этих людей.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1888.733,1940.422"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А немцы позволяют им работать тут?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1940.422,1942.746"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Частью, да. Это очень трудно, но возможно. Я знаю нес...целый ряд случаев, когда люди живут...эээ...вне лагеря и работают, допустим, у американских частей и...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1942.746,1954.29"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ага.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1954.29,1954.562"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: . . . или работают на американских лагерях. Это немцы запретить не могут.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1954.562,1958.634"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А Вы где живёте?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1958.634,1959.962"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я живу около [неразборчиво]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1959.962,1961.411"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: В общежитии?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1961.411,1962.679"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Частным образом, как и большинство наших студентов.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1962.679,1965.033"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Не с УНРРА?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1965.033,1965.576"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Не с УНРРА.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1965.576,1966.361"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Как же...Вас что, билетировали у немцев?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1966.361,1969.258"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Да, это сделано почти со всеми студентами нашего университета.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1969.258,1972.639"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: А кто...платит им кто-нибудь за квартиру?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1972.639,1975.023"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: по последним...эээ...распоряжением должно платить немецкое правительство, или баварское правительство, точнее. До сих пор платили сами и сами зарабатывали себе деньги. Но надо сказать, что и сейчас...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1975.023,1986.728"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Как Вы зарабатываете?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1986.728,1988.268"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я зарабатывал всё тем же: я по-прежнему рисовал, делал всякого рода...эээ...рисунки для раскрашивания и продавал их в немецких магазинах. И немецкие магазины их брали, так что в этом отношении немцы не оказывали мне никакого особого давления. [Пауза]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1988.268,2003.74"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Да, ну и...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2003.74,2004.978"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Некоторое время я работал здесь и в одной фирме. В фирме, которой, правда, руководит русский. Эээ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2004.978,2010.29"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Какой русский?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2010.29,2010.743"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Некий инженер кайзера.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2010.743,2013.821"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Как же он может руководить [неразборчиво]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2013.821,2015.995"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Здесь существует целый ряд фирм, большей частью руководимыми не только русскими, но очень много иностранцами: строительных фирм и инженерных фирм.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2015.995,2024.344"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Это новые, так сказать, фирмы?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2024.344,2026.215"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Это фирмы, которые создалися после того, как пришли американцы и освободили арестантов. Потому что здесь было достаточное количество вывезенных из России или вывезенных из Чехии или из других стран, оккупированных в своё время немцами, которые осталися здесь и которые работают и стараются работать, во всяком случае, для того, чтобы как-нибудь жить.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2026.215,2047.311"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: И собираются тут остаться?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2047.311,2049.816"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: В большинстве случаев, нет. Я не знаю ни одного случая, когда иностранцы хотели остаться...хотели бы остаться...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2049.816,2055.037"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Но почему это?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2055.037,2056.426"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Почему? Это я Вам скажу сейчас, вместе с разговором об университете для того, чтобы...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2056.426,2060.591"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Да, да, да, я Вас не буду перебивать.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2060.591,2062.975"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Я сам [пауза] узнал о том, что организуется при УНРРЕ университет. [Пауза] И пошёл в этот университет потому, что несмотря на моё знание немецкого языка и несмотря на то, что я знал, что есть определённая норма...приёма иностранцев в немецкие учебные заведения, считал, что идти к людям, которые начали эту войну и которые в свой психологии по прежнему ненавидят иностранцев - это значит идти в заведомо враждебную среду. С другой стороны, за время этой войны, особенно здесь, мне пришлось встретиться не только с русскими, пришедшими с востока, но и с поляками – частью, военнопленными, которые работали у крестьян, частью...эээ...людьми, вывезенными оттуда, - и с украинцами. И в последнее время с балтийцами. И у всех у них я заметил одну общую черту: черту желания после войны [пауза] каким-то образом построить жизнь на новых основах, особенно у молодёжи. На основах понимания друг друга и дружбы друг с другом. И мне казалось, что если этот университет, который сейчас создаётся, окрепнет, если этот университет [пауза] окажется, действительно...эээ..., единицей, которая может жить и существовать, то он может принести настоящую работу друг с другом. И особенно нас, людей с востока, которые, как я успел заметить в эти последние три года, никак не могли сговориться о том, чтобы быть дружными между собою. Они хотели этого, но каждый раз думали: «Нет, я - украинец. Я – поляк. Мы не можем быть вместе». Или: «Я - украинец, а ты москаль, русский. Ты...эээ...угнетаешь нашу национальность и так далее». И мне казалось, что в этом университете мы, молодёжь, которая станет [пауза], когда достаточно подготовится, руководящей в своих странах, в своих государствах. Если мы будем дружны между собой, то мы сумеем и наши государства сблизить так, как это нужно для того, чтобы не было ни войн, ни [пауза] этих ужасных тоталитарных режимов, которые унижают и человека, и его способность мыслить и творить на благо других людей. И с этой мыслью я пришел в университет. Первое, что я увидел в университете, [пауза] что такой идеи нет, что люди пришли сюда для того, чтобы после долгих лет оторванности от учения учиться. Это было хорошо. Но [пауза] это было не все. Здесь не хватало сплоченности, и поэтому не хватало студенческого, академического духа. [Пауза] И в первом же месяце [пауза] я, у нас, значит, на факультете, стал говорить о том, чтоб для того, чтобы жить по настоящему дружно, для того, чтобы создать себе условия существования академические, не похожие на средний ДП лагерь – как это очень многие из нас переживали и из которых очень многие ушли по той же причине, по которой ушёл я – нам нужно держаться вместе. И требовать к нам отношения иного, чем к средней массе. К нам отношение как к студенту, как к учащейся молодёжи.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2062.975,2281.496"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Какое же это особое отношение к студенту университета?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2281.496,2284.484"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Это я могу описать по примеру, который не так давно у нас был в лагере. Я думаю, что Вам это будет интересно. У нас здесь была забастовка. Самая настоящая голодная...голодный бунт, я бы сказал. Эээ...это казалось бы странным. Однако причины к нему были такие, что когда студенты пришли однажды утром в свой университет, то их не пускала в университет так называемая ДП полиция, т.е. ДП, которые были организованы для того, чтобы поддерживать порядок.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2284.484,2324.58"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: ДП – значит «дисплейст персон»?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2324.58,2328.021"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Эти ДП...эта ДП полиция возмутила студентов уже одним своим видом, потому что привычно, что в университетах полиция не полагается. Но самое странное было, что она позволяла себе, во-первых, толкать и гонять студентов из угла в угол, и когда пришла наша профессура, то, задержав проректора университете, подвергала ему...еготщательному...эээ...обыску, заставляла его показывать различные документы и чрезвычайно грубо с ним обходилась. Это возмутило студентов больше всего. Затем целый ряд пожилых профессоров, для того чтобы войти в университет, должны были прыгать через скамейки, в том числе одна дама,...эээ...микробиолог, уважаемая нами как профессор, была вынуждена проделать то же самое. И это послужило причиной того, что студенты страшно начали шуметь и буквально были выведены из себя. [Пауза] Мне как председателю студенческой организации в нашем университете, конечно, было очень трудно успокоить расходившихся студентов. С большим трудом, созвав всех студентов во двор университета я убедил людей успокоиться, не устраивать каких-нибудь больших дебошей, и если уж они обязательно хотят что-нибудь сделать, то я согласился на требования большей части студентов постановить не брать нашего питания, не есть до тех пор, пока нам не обещают убрать полицию и убрать полицейские методы из нашего университета. Забастовка длилась всего-навсего один день. Всего только два раза, но онапоказала, что за те шесть месяцев, которые мы провели в университете, все студенты, без различия национальности или веры, сплотились в такую семью, что даже на такое рискованное дело, как забастовка, пошли все, совершенно солидарно. Это, конечно, только пример. Пример того, как...что мы считаем неправильным отношение к студентам и что вызывает наше возмущение. Именно поэтому мы говорим об академическом духе и об отношениях.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2328.021,2460.972"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Но позвольте! Что вам объяснили? Каким образом вся эта полицейская история произошла?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2460.972,2466.314"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Произошла по ошибке. По большой ошибке...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2466.314,2468.185"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [Неразборчиво, очень тихо]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2468.185,2469.483"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Совершенно верно, но мне кажется, что по отношению к студентам, такие ошибки не допустимы. Да и вообще по отношению к людям, не только к студентам. Всё-таки существуют определённые нормы поведения.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2469.483,2479.413"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Да, но здесь же театр военных действий был...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2479.413,2482.31"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Это верно. Но, тем не менее, я думаю, что мы не подали повода для того, чтобы с нами обращались таким образом. Мы стараемся [неразборчиво] вести себя корректно, и [пауза] я лично считаю, что эта забастовка была очень нехорошим делом, я...лично она не нравиться, постольку поскольку это было некорректно так делать.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2482.31,2501.234"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Некорректно было устраивать забастовки и так далее. Я думаю, что можно было бы даже договориться и без этого. Но это вызвано было тем, что это не первый случай был, и поэтому [неразборчиво] в таком настроении было.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2501.234,2512.19"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Я думаю, что Вы должны объяснить, что Дойчес Мюзиум – не только университет; тут также находиться вообще центр для прохода ДП.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2512.19,2523.266"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Совершенно верно.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2523.266,2523.87"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Вероятно, когда под это поставили полицию [неразборчиво] тут поставили полицию, им точно не сказали, какие посты...эээ...так сказать, охранять, и какие являются свободными.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2523.87,2535.339"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: К сожалению, это не имело место. Дело в том, что вход был с двух сторон – с одной стороны входят ДП, а это было направленно специально по отношению к студентам, потому что в этот день...эээ...проводилась проверка посещений лекций, которая и без того уже студенчество по собственной инициативе – постольку, поскольку мы не хотим иметь в нашем университете бездельников и людей, которые только для того пришли в университет, чтобы пользоваться благами, которые [неразборчиво] очень благодарны, а для того...эээ...чтобы учиться. И тех людей, которые учатся, мы хотим иметь в нашем университете. Поэтому мы проводили через нашу студенческую организацию эту самую регистрацию и могли дать сведения о том, кто был и так далее.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2535.339,2574.085"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Да.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2574.085,2574.296"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: На этот раз произошла ошибка.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2574.296,2576.443"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: - Ну, [Пауза] есть ещё что-нибудь, что бы Вы хотели нам сказать? Или что бы Вы хотели сказать американскому студенчеству?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2576.443,2583.355"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valerius Michelson: Американскому студенчеству я бы хотел сказать следующее: что студенты- иностранцы здесь, которые собралися в нашем университете и которые в очень большой части штудируют в университетах немецких, все сейчас стараются сплотиться вместе, стараются перебороть всякую ненависть между национальностями, которые в Европе до сих пор, увы, ещё очень сильна, для того, чтобы работать для построения госу...в...своих государств в духе содружества с остальными, в духе действительного общечеловеческого содружества для того, чтобы не было событий, подобных прошедшей войне. Не было событий, подобных канувшему в вечность гитлеровскому государству. И мы хотим создания интернационального университета. Мы знаем, что то, что у нас сейчас здесь в Мюнхене – это не интернациональный университет, или, вернее, это интернациональный, но ещё не университет, потому что у нас ещё очень многого не хватает. Нас самих даже, в нашем мировоззрении, в наших...эээ...возможностях, чтобы называть себя настоящим интернациональным университетом. Но мы думаем, что мы можем послужить ядром для такого содружества и для такого университета, который воспитает интеллигенция для будущего. Вот, собственно, всё.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2583.355,2660.025"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/transcript/70121/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] So. This concludes the interview of Mr. Valerius Michelson, a student of architecture at the International University of UNRRA. Munich, September the 24th, 1946. We had here quite some interruptions of some very important visitors which I could not stave away, and from that standpoint we have lost quite a bit some time. An Illinois Institute of Technology wire recording.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2660.025,2691.192"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Michelson_annotations_EN [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRevel is the Russian name for Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. [A.H.] \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,85.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,85.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn general, displaced persons had few opportunities for paid work, with the U.S. Army serving as the main employer in the U.S. zone. DPs who lived 'on the German economy,' as the phrase went, tended to lose their DP benefits. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,1958.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=0.0,549.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=4.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn August 1945, DP students and professors began organizing university courses at the Deutsches Museum DP camp in Munich. The UNRRA University grew out of this initiative, officially opening in February 1946. It was named after the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, the international relief agency created by the Allies to assist victims of the war. Michelson was the president of the UNRRA University Students' Union. He helped to define the university as an international institution. He discusses his goals for the university later in the interview. On the history of the university, see Bernhard Zittel, 'Die UNRRA-Universität in München, 1945-1947,' in Archivalische Zeitschrift 75 (1979); Anna Holian, 'Displacement and the Postwar Reconstruction of Education: Displaced Persons at the UNRRA University of Munich, 1945-1948,' in Contemporary European History 17:2 (May 2008); and Nina Bschorr, '\"Wir wollten alle so gerne lernen...\" Die UNRRA-Universität im DP-Camp Deutsches Museum in München,' in Jahrbuch für Antisemitismusforschung 17 (2008). [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/unrrauniversitymunich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/unrrauniversitymunich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=4.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=85.0,95.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichelson and his family were part of the substantial Russian émigré community that developed in Estonia after the Bolshevik Revolution. In 1922, there were approximately 14,000-16,000 unassimilated (i.e., non-citizen) Russian refugees in Estonia. On the history of the Russian emigration, see Marc Raeff, Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1939 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990). [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=95.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=106.0,112.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnder the terms of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August 1939, Estonia was assigned to the Soviet sphere of influence. In September 1939, seeking to make good on its claim to Estonia, the Soviet Union demanded that the Estonian government sign a mutual assistance treaty and allow the Soviets to establish military bases on Estonian soil. The Estonian government felt compelled to accede to this demand. In June 1940, claiming that the Estonian government had not fully complied with the treaty, the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=112.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=119.0,136.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=119.0,136.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=139.0,143.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=147.0,154.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=154.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFreedom of Russia (Svoboda Rossii) was a socialist literary and political newspaper published in Tallinn from 1919 to 1920. Although Michelson implies that his father's association with the newspaper lasted up to the period of Soviet occupation, in fact he is describing his father's work during the very beginning of the emigration period. [A.H.] \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=178.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=180.0,183.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhile the political spectrum among Russian émigrés was very broad, most leading émigré institutions were of a monarchist or rightist orientation. Michelson here stresses that the politics of his father's newspaper were outside the mainstream. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=206.0,260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSR: Socialist Revolutionary. The Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRP) was one of the leading socialist parties in Russia in the period leading up to the Bolshevik Revolution. Founded in 1901, it grew out of the Russian populist movement and focused on the plight of both peasants and industrial workers under capitalism. In contrast to the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Mensheviks and Bolsheviks), which called for the nationalization of the land, the SRP advocated the socialization of the land: its transformation into public property that would be worked individually by peasant tenants. Socialist Revolutionaries, most notably Alexander Kerensky, held important posts in the Provisional Government formed after the Russian Revolution of February 1917. The SRP won the most seats of any party in the election for the Constituent Assembly in November 1917. However, the Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 caused a split in the party, with a new left wing siding with the Bolsheviks in calling for a communist revolution. After the Bolsheviks definitively seized power, many members of the mainstream SRP went into exile. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=206.0,260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe NKVD (Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del or People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) was the secret police organ of the Soviet Union. Created in 1922, it took over the functions exercised earlier by the Cheka, the state security organization formed by the Bolsheviks shortly after the October Revolution. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=274.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGestapo: \u003c/b\u003eContraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: \"Secret State Police.\" The German internal security police (secret police) under the Nazis, headed by SS chief Heinrich Himmler. Organized in 1933 to protect the regime from political opposition. Often used by Holocaust victims generically to refer to any German police or military unit.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=292.0,297.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCreated in 1922, the GPU (Gosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie or State Political Directorate) was the state security organization of the Soviet Union and was intermittently part of the NKVD. In 1934, it was succeeded by the Main Directorate of State Security (Glavnoe Upravlenie Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti or GUGB). This is presumably the organization to which Michelson refers. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=301.0,305.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichelson's story about his father, while not strictly speaking true, is likely grounded in fact. According to one obituary for Michelson, his father was the victim of a Stalinist purge (St. Paul Pioneer Press, 5 August 2006). While Michelson's father met his fate in the Soviet Union, purges did take place in Soviet-occupied Estonia. During the first year of occupation, Soviet forces deported or killed some 60,000 persons, under the guise of eliminating \"anti-Soviet elements.\" Although most of the victims were ethnic Estonians, Russian émigré intellectuals and community leaders were also targeted. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=348.0,352.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazi occupation of Estonia began in July 1941, with German troops reaching Tallinn at the end of August. Michelson's vacillation here may have to do with the fact that he was not in Estonia when the events occurred. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=373.0,414.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kharchenkoI\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kharchenkoI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=476.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=631.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/unrrauniversitymunich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/unrrauniversitymunich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=631.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=781.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=839.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=839.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe phrase Michelson uses here, 'это самое,' is a filler with no real meaning or direct translation. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=883.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichelson uses the German word for labor office here. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=972.0,993.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichelson uses the German word for classical high school here. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=972.0,993.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=992.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=993.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Linz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Linz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=995.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Linz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Linz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1027.0,1029.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1032.0,1040.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1076.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1080.0,1085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1104.0,1122.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1104.0,1122.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1125.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichelson uses the German word for handicrafts here. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1125.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1125.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee fn 13 [annotation 31]. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1125.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1125.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHitler spent most of his youth in and around Linz. In comparing Michelson to Hitler, Boder seems to be giving voice to his misgivings about Michelson's character, as evidenced by the latter's activities in Nazi-occupied Vienna. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1184.0,1188.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhat Michelson of course neglects to state is that as a Red Army soldier who surrendered to the Germans and served in the German army, he had his own reasons for wanting to avoid an encounter with Soviet forces. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1205.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1205.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tallinn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1205.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSoviet forces arrived in Vienna in mid-April 1945. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1205.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vienna\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1205.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Smolensk\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Smolensk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1251.0,1265.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1287.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1310.0,1313.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA city in southwestern Bavaria where UNRRA established a camp for displaced persons. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1313.0,1333.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1313.0,1333.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1313.0,1333.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1397.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1412.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1412.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions speciof displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1454.0,1464.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1465.0,1474.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1480.0,1485.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1480.0,1485.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1485.0,1486.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kempten\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1486.0,1487.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1488.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/oleiskiJ\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/oleiskiJ\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1488.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[Note 1 for page 17 - (2966): This tirade of righteousness and indignation gives a most revealing insight into the traumatic level of experiences of the category of people whom we have designated as the category of Friendly Eastern Refugees [FER], and to which this interviewee belongs, as compared with those of the Concentration Camp [KZ] group. —See Boder, David P. 'The Impact of Catastrophe: I. Assessment and Evaluation,' Journal of Psychology, 1954, v.38, pp. 3-50.] [D.P.B.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1488.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1532.0,1534.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/oleiskiJ\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/oleiskiJ\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1536.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1536.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Buchenwald\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1536.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1704.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1888.0,1940.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1942.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1965.0,1965.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=1965.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the U.S. and British zones, 10% of all university places were reserved for displaced persons. [A.H.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2062.0,2281.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2062.0,2281.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2062.0,2281.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2284.0,2324.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2284.0,2324.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2324.0,2328.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2328.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2328.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2512.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDP: \u003c/b\u003eDisplaced Person, or refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2535.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2535.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2535.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2583.0,2660.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/unrrauniversitymunich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/unrrauniversitymunich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNRRA: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Established in 1943, its principal executive post was held by a representative of the United States, which supplied forty percent of its budget. Among its chief duties was the repatriation of displaced persons—when the war ended, UNRRA had to cope with the task of caring for millions of displaced persons and refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2660.0,2691.176"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279/annotation_set/1492/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Munich\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17650/file/250279#t=2660.0,2691.176"}]}]}]}