{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/q52f766n5r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["David P. Boder Interviews Marcelle Kahn, August 21, 1946, Paris, France"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1946-08-21"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[" French (Primary)"," English (Secondary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Wire recording"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":[" kahnM_9-56B_9-57A (Local)"," kahnM_9-56B_9-57A_SLP.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":[" Paris (France) (Place of recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":[" Interview with Anne Marcelle Kahn (nee Schrameck), conducted by David P. Boder on August 21, 1946 in Paris, France. (Abstract)"," In her interview, Anne Marcelle Kahn elaborates on the dangers faced by Jews in Marseille after the German occupation of the Vichy zone in November 1942. (Such dangers had been noted by her father, Abraham Schramack, in his interview.) She also adds some pertinent details to the daring and grueling escape of the Kahn family from France to neutral Spain across the Pyrenees. This was the same route her husband, Admiral Louis Kahn, had taken to effectuate his escape, most probably in the summer of 1940. Her proactive, risk-taking, and resolute endeavors to escape the Nazi threat were fortunately met with success, and she and her children were able to reunite with her husband in Free French-controlled North Africa. This interview is part of a group of interviews with the eminent Kahn family and their chauffeur taken in Paris on August 21, 1946 during an evening at the home of Admiral Louis Kahn. The interviews were conducted in the following order: Abraham Schramack (Mrs. Kahn's father), Jean Kahn (the family's younger son) Anne Marcelle Kahn, and her husband, Admiral Kahn. These are followed by an interview with the family's chauffeur, Charles Jean, who during the German occupation was in the French resistance. The Kahns were among the approximately 150,000 French Jews who had deep roots in France. (Another 200,000 Jews in France during the Holocaust were more recent immigrants.) Despite their long-standing residence in France, the Kahn family lived a precarious existence during the Occupation. Due to his service in the French navy, Admiral Kahn was separated from his family at the start of the war and was not in France during the war years. (Commentary by Elliot Lefkovitz) (Commentary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":[" World War, 1939-1945--Refugees (Topical)"," Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives (Topical)"," World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Jewish (Topical)"," Paris (France) (Geographic)"," Marseille (France) (Geographic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":[" Kahn, Anne Marcelle (Interviewee)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Interviewer)"," Joyce, Deborah (Transcriber)"," Joyce, Deborah (Translator)"," English, Eben (Editor)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"," interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Inerviewee Nationality"]},"value":{"en":["France"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Gender"]},"value":{"en":["Female"]}}],"summary":{"en":[" Interview with Anne Marcelle Kahn (nee Schrameck), conducted by David P. Boder on August 21, 1946 in Paris, France."," In her interview, Anne Marcelle Kahn elaborates on the dangers faced by Jews in Marseille after the German occupation of the Vichy zone in November 1942. (Such dangers had been noted by her father, Abraham Schramack, in his interview.) She also adds some pertinent details to the daring and grueling escape of the Kahn family from France to neutral Spain across the Pyrenees. This was the same route her husband, Admiral Louis Kahn, had taken to effectuate his escape, most probably in the summer of 1940. Her proactive, risk-taking, and resolute endeavors to escape the Nazi threat were fortunately met with success, and she and her children were able to reunite with her husband in Free French-controlled North Africa. This interview is part of a group of interviews with the eminent Kahn family and their chauffeur taken in Paris on August 21, 1946 during an evening at the home of Admiral Louis Kahn. The interviews were conducted in the following order: Abraham Schramack (Mrs. Kahn's father), Jean Kahn (the family's younger son) Anne Marcelle Kahn, and her husband, Admiral Kahn. These are followed by an interview with the family's chauffeur, Charles Jean, who during the German occupation was in the French resistance. The Kahns were among the approximately 150,000 French Jews who had deep roots in France. (Another 200,000 Jews in France during the Holocaust were more recent immigrants.) Despite their long-standing residence in France, the Kahn family lived a precarious existence during the Occupation. Due to his service in the French navy, Admiral Kahn was separated from his family at the start of the war and was not in France during the war years. (Commentary by Elliot Lefkovitz)"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/086/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583169688","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - kahnM_9-56B_9-57A_SLP.mp3"]},"duration":1036.67738,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/086/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583169688","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iit.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/086/original/kahnM_9-56B_9-57A_SLP.mp3?1583169688","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1036.67738,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English translation [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] We have now at the microphone Mrs. Kahn, the wife of Admiral Kahn, in Paris, and she was present while her father and then her little son gave us the story, so clearly she would not exactly try to repeat it. We want to get some other moments. First of all, Mrs. Kahn, will you tell us in French what is your full name? And what education do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=2.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] My name is Marcelle Schrameck, wife of Engineer General Louis Kahn. During the last war, I studied to be a mining engineer. And I worked in the Kuhlman chemical plants for a while before getting married. And since then, I worked a little with my husband, I was taking care of my children...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=44.0,78.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] In what kind of mines did you work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=78.0,82.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] I worked around the Mining Engineering School in St. Etienne. We often used to go down into the mines in the French mining centers. But my work since then, I...I was employed by the Kuhlman chemical plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=82.0,101.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Now, will you be good enough to tell us, what happened to you after the Armistice was concluded?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=101.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] After the Armistice was signed, we...we left, my children and I, to the free zone where we didn’t want to have contact with the Germans. And we lived in Marseille, until the Germans reopened the Armistice in November of ’42. My husband had already left for England. I was staying with my two sons in Marseille. And as soon as the Germans crossed the line, riots broke out in the Southern Zone. There were  attacks in Marseille, as early as the month of December. The Germans had organized a Christmas tree [lighting] in one of the big hotels in Marseille, with the Consul...the German consuls. There was a bomb. It was on December 24th, Christmas Day. There was a bomb and the wife of the German Consul lost both of her legs. She died several days later, and there was an elaborate funeral. Traffic was stopped in all the streets of Marseille. And it was afterwards that there began to be acts of retaliation against the people of Marseille. Naturally, we all knew that the war wasn’t over, that [the bomb] was only an act of war. But...from that time on, life became extremely difficult. People were stopped in the streets. Their papers were examined and if their papers were not in order, naturally they were arrested and deported.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: That’s how one of my son’s friends, a sixteen year old boy, was arrested while coming out of the train station. His parents didn’t have any news of what happened to him and he returned maybe a year later, by escaping from a train car that was taking him to Germany. He escaped by pulling up a plank in the floor of the car...but a friend who was following him lost his legs during [their escape?] From that time on, I tried to leave Marseille. But my...determination...I was only definitively resolved to leave when the Old...when the Germans destroyed the Vieux Port. The Germans claimed that...”terrorists”, as they called them, were hiding in the Vieux Port. They tried to blow up those old neighborhoods, which were obviously full of little winding streets and...pieces of land where...that [the Germans] greatly dreaded [they couldn’t control]. There...it wasn’t...we...one day...we were not told what they were plotting. And then one day, while going into central Marseille, we lived on a street...rather distant from the Vieux Port...while going into central Marseille, we heard the alarm go off. We saw people hastily leaving their homes with their meager baggage, or some were carrying sick children, and were throwing whatever they could onto pushcarts...and were still arrested and I only learned recently that five thousand people out of the thirty or forty thousand who had only fifteen minutes to evacuate their homes...five thousand of these people were taken and deported to Germany. On that day, we saw arrests, they were putting people...we saw people being loaded in paddy wagons. We saw these poor women holding out their arms and trying to hang on to the bars. Seeing these things tore my heart apart, thinking of what could obviously happen to my children. I had only one thing on my mind: to leave Marseille.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=217.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: So we went in the Alps near Grenoble. My children were in boarding school in the mountains, and that was when...that was when I heard the message: “I’ve arrived” from my husband in England. In reality, it took him quite a while before he could get the message through. It was this message...his message to tell us that he was waiting for us. After that, I started looking for a way to catch up with him. And I of course  had a lot of acquaintances from way back. I was privileged, constantly warned by friends that they...while I was still in Marseille, and they had told me that on that evening my neighborhood was going to be searched, go spend the night at the home of some friends. This happened to me several times. But naturally, this was extremely dangerous for these friends. And I am very...well, at that time, when I left Marseille, I preferred to have ID cards under another name. I had to...find someone to make new ID cards. It was rather difficult because the Resistance printed cards for workers and not for women and children, generally speaking. So it was very difficult to obtain food vouchers for women and children. And so I...I found I had the best reception from people from the Resistance whom I didn’t know from Adam but simply sent “a word” [Translator’s note: could mean “a note” or perhaps a “pass word”?]. In fact, I didn’t even get the word from them, I was just given a name and an address, and that so-and-so knew me, I wasn’t told the exact name. These people took me in, gave me the keys to their house, where I lived for eight to ten days, long enough to produce false ID cards for me. I didn’t go out of the house because I didn’t have an ID. I was afraid every second of being stopped in the street. But I stayed in their home for eight days, I stayed at their home for eight days, where I was fed, I...they gave me their best room and the keys. Once I had my false ID cards, I could travel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=366.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e I started out near Perpignan, where I had to find the guides that had helped my husband to cross, but unfortunately, they were all...most of them had been arrested and I couldn’t find any trace of them. Finally I found others...When we talked about getting us out of the country...but each time I spoke of my youngest son who was...he was only ten at the time, they energetically opposed taking him, saying “this boy won’t walk all the way, he won’t be able to make it through the mountains, he’ll get us caught, etc...” Finally, I put...I had contacts with quite a few really courageous people who really tried to talk me out of it, told me not to go, you’ll be protected...that’s something I didn’t want to do. We wanted to leave to find my husband and to fight...fight with our country, stay in contact with our country. And it was...um, one year later, only around the month of October 1943, that we decided, despite all the difficulties, to cross the border alone. With the...energy of my eldest son who prepared everything, he chose our itinerary carefully, using a compass which was an extremely difficult instrument to find at that time. We had found a bunch of Boy Scout compasses that were all more or less usable. We tried out a great many of them before finding one that truly pointed North. We had an enormous amount of trouble to also find road maps, of course, which is...we were...everyone believed they were being watched, followed, when we went to purchase a map of the Spanish border. He [my son] made these decisions with a lot of drive, which were even more remarkable coming from a boy who was fifteen at the time. And who had never had any real physical training, and it was he who guided us, dragged us along, pushed us through the mountains and never got us lost, using only a compass and the map that we didn’t dare take out because of the bad weather. We were always on the right path. And we could say that we crossed the border with probably fewer incidents than if we had gone with a professional smuggler. We took a route that was probably easier, more accessible. And we were courageous possibly because we were oblivious. And we crossed the Pyrenees from Perpignan to Casa [Casablanca] in nine days. We arrived from Perpignan to Casa in nine days, with three days of imprisonment in Spain. Which was...[unintelligible] in Casablanca.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] [break in sound] How did you get out of prison? Did they give you free passage to Casablanca? [unintelligible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=703.0,710.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Uh, we were, we were taken into a convoy of French. They were evacuating the French. Of course, we didn’t stay in prison long because we weren’t soldiers. A woman and children under 17 were not considered a significant arrest for the Spanish. The men spent a long time in concentration camps that we hadn’t experienced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=710.0,736.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] How old was your oldest boy then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=736.0,739.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e My oldest boy.... Pierre?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=739.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Yes, my oldest son was fifteen and a half. And I should add that on all the false ID cards, I subtracted a year from his age to be more secure. And even the papers that the Spanish took, we did the papers in French and Spanish. He was fourteen on the papers we had done in Spanish and that was how we were guaranteed that we were not soldiers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=743.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] [unintelligible] Well, Madame Kahn, can you tell me then, how long were you crossing the Pyrenees? How long did it take you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=780.0,792.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Well, only two days. We walked five hours the first day and six or seven the second day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=792.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] And did you have things with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=804.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] We had absolutely nothing with us. We didn’t have hats, we tried to look like hikers so that we wouldn’t draw attention to ourselves. And in crossing the mountains, we ripped up our shoes which weren’t very sturdy, and our clothes. In Spain, we were obviously recognized very quickly as illegal travelers. We were in rags, we had nothing to eat. We stopped at some farms where they were very nice and gave us some milk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=806.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] And did the children manage to come through well and came through all right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=840.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] The boys arrived in very good shape. [Boder interrupts.] Of course, when we arrived, it happened that...We had the pleasure of being served our first dinner to which we were treated by the Customs Officers, who paid for it with the money they took off of me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=845.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] How many kilometers did you walk?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=862.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Well, we didn’t know for sure. We didn’t know for sure because we had a map for the French side of the border but the road maps didn’t show anything beyond the border, which meant that we didn’t know exactly which route we had taken in Spain. We probably did forty to fifty kilometers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=865.0,884.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Uh huh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=884.0,885.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Yes. Obviously much less than most of the guides made people travel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=885.0,892.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] And were there a lot of Germans in Spain?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=892.0,895.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] In Spain, we didn’t see any Germans, isn’t that so?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=895.0,898.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e No Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=898.0,899.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we didn’t see any. We saw Spanish police officers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=899.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Do you speak Spanish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=903.0,904.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=904.0,906.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But then on the border they spoke French with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=906.0,909.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] No, no, they spoke Spanish. We had...as a matter of fact, the first day we were arrested, we were faced with a Spanish staff officer who tried to interrogate us. He was a General who asked me questions in Spanish and since I didn’t understand, he gave up. For that reason, we were taken to our hotel for a night where we had to sleep under lock and key and the next day, they took us to Barcelona, where there were...where they spoke French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=909.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] And when did you [both speaking at once] Where did you get the first notice from the Admiral? When did you hear from him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=934.0,944.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Ah, on board the boat that took us from Spain to Morocco, we received...there was a...it was a convoy organized to collect the French. There was an officer who was in the navy, a Frenchman. I asked him if he had...if he know where Engineer Kahn, Chief Engineer Kahn was. He said he had seen him two evenings earlier in Algiers. It had been about eight months that I hadn’t had any news from my husband.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=944.0,975.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] And how long were you in Africa before you returned to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=975.0,979.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Just one year in Africa. One year exactly. We arrived.... on October 22, 1943 in Casa [Casablanca] and I left Algiers for France on October 17, 1944.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=979.0,1007.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Well, how did you find Paris when you came back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1007.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnne Marcelle Kahn:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Paris looked magnificent to me! But, I had never seen Paris under the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1010.0,1018.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Well, I thank you very much. How really good of you to let me spend the evening with you and to have these interesting reports from three generations. Now, I would like to have...[recording ends abruptly]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1018.0,1036.67738"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/7997/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/997/original/anne-marcelle-kahn_en.txt?1724876285","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/997/original/anne-marcelle-kahn_en.txt?1724876285"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["French and English transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] We have now at the microphone Mrs. Kahn, the wife of Admiral Kahn, in Paris, and she was present while her father and then her little son gave us the story, so clearly she would not exactly try to repeat it. We want to get some other moments. First of all, Mrs. Kahn, will you tell us in French what is your full name? And what education do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=2.259,44.057"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Mon nom est Marcelle Schrameck, femme d’Ingénieur Général Louis Kahn. Pendant la dernière guerre, j’ai fait mes études d’ingénieur des mines. Et j’ai travaillé dans des usines de produits chimiques Kuhlman pendant un certain temps avant mon mariage. Et depuis, j’ai travaillé un peu avec mon mari, je m’occupais de mes enfants...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=44.057,78.799"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] In what kind of mines did you work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=78.799,82.39"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] J’ai travaillé vers l’Ecole des mines de St. Etienne. Nous descendions très souvent dans les mines des centres de la France. Mais mon travail après, j’ai...je suis engagée dans les usines des produits chimiques Kuhlman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=82.39,101.107"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Now, will you be good enough to tell us, what happened to you after the Armistice was concluded?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=101.107,114.462"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Après la conclusion d’Armistice, nous nous...nous sommes partis, mes enfants et moi, en zone libre où nous ne voulons pas avoir de contact avec les Allemands. Et nous avons vécu à Marseille, jusqu’à ce que les Allemands rouvrent l’Armistice en novembre ‘42. Mon mari était déjà parti pour l’Angleterre, je restais avec mes deux fils à Marseille. Et dès que les Allemands ont franchi la ligne, les émeutes se sont produites, dans la Zone Sud. Il y a eu des attentats à Marseille, dès le mois de décembre. Les Allemands avaient organisé un arbre de Noël dans un des grands hôtels de Marseille, avec les, le consul...les consuls allemands. Il y a eu une bombe, c’était le 24 décembre, le jour de Noël, il y a eu une bombe, la femme du consul allemand a eu les deux jambes coupées. Elle est morte quelques jours après, un enterrement en grande pompe. La circulation a été interrompue dans toutes les rues de Marseille. Et c’est à partir de ce moment qu’ont commencé les représailles sur les Marseillais. Naturellement, nous savions tous que la guerre n’était pas terminée, que c’était seulement un fait de guerre. Mais...à partir de ce moment, la vie est devenue extrêmement difficile. Les gens étaient arrêtés dans les rues. Leurs papiers étaient examinés et si les papiers n’était pas en bonne règle, naturellement on était arrêté et déporté.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.462,217.474"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: C’est ainsi qu’un camarade de mon fils, un garçon de seize ans, a été arrêté en descendant de la gare, ses parents n’ont plus eu des nouvelles de lui et qu’il est revenu peut-être un an après, et s’étant échappé d’un wagon qui l’emmenait en Allemagne en soulevant une...le plancher du wagon, il était arrivé à s’évader, et un camarade...mais un camarade qui l’avait suivi a eu les jambes coupées dans le [?]. C’est à partir de ce moment-là que j’ai essayé de quitter Marseille. Mais mon...ma volonté n’est devenue définitive qu’au moment où le Vieux...le moment où les Allemands ont détruit le Vieux Port. Les Allemands prétendaient que des...les terroristes, comme ils les appelaient, se cachaient en le Vieux Port. Ils ont essayé de faire sauter ces vieux quartiers dans lesquels il y avait évidemment des ruelles et de...des terrains où ils...qu’ils redoutaient beaucoup. Là, ce n’est.. nous...un jour...nous naturellement nous n’étions pas avertis de ce qui se tramait. Et c’est un jour en descendant dans le centre de Marseille, nous habitions dans une rue de...assez éloignée du Vieux Port, en descendant dans le centre de Marseille, nous avons entendu la...la sonnerie d’alarme. Nous avons vu les gens se précipiter hors de chez eux avec leurs maigres bagages, ou quelques-uns emportaient des enfants malades, et ils hissaient ce qu’ils pouvaient dans des charrettes à bras...ont été toujours arrêtés et je n’ai su que ces jours-ci que cinq mille personnes parmi ces trente ou quarante milles qui ont dû évacuer en un quart d’heure leurs logis...cinq milles de ces personnes ont été conduites et déportées en Allemagne. Ce jour-là, nous avons vu arrêter, on mettait des gens du...nous avons vu des gens hissés dans des voitures cellulaires. Nous avons vu de malheureuses femmes se tendre les bras et essayer d’accrocher aux barreaux. C’est un spectacle qui nous a fendu l’âme en pensant à ce que pouvait évidemment arriver à mes enfants. Je n’ai qu’une idée, c’est de quitter Marseille.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=217.474,366.103"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: A ce moment-là, nous sommes allés dans les Alpes aux environs de Grenoble. Mes enfants sont allés en pension en montagne, et à partir de ce moment, j’ai...à ce moment-là, que j’ai entendu le message, « je suis arrivé », de mon mari, en Angleterre. Réellement il avait mis pas mal de temps avant de pouvoir faire passer le message. C’est ce message...le message par lequel [il nous disait] qu’il nous attendait. Et à partir de ce moment, j’ai commencé mes recherches pour essayer de le rejoindre. Et j’avais naturellement pas mal de relations dans toute cette vieille existence. Privilégiée, j’ai constamment eu des amis qui m’ont prévenue qu’il me...déjà quand j’étais à Marseille et ils m’avaient dit que ce soir-là, il y aura des perquisitions de votre quartier, allez coucher chez des amis. Cela m’était arrivé plusieurs fois. Mais naturellement, c’était extrêmement dangereux pour ces amis. Et je suis très...alors, à ce moment-là, quand j’avais quitté Marseille, je préférais avoir des cartes à un autre nom. Il a fallu des...que je cherche l’homme pour faire d’autres cartes. C’était assez difficile parce que la Résistance imprimait des cartes pour les travailleurs et pas pour les femmes et des enfants en général. Alors il était très difficile de se procurer des cartes d’alimentation de femme et d’enfants. Et alors j’en ai...j’ai trouvé le meilleur accueil chez des gens de la Résistance que je connaissais absolument pas qui pourtant m’avaient donné simplement un mot. On avait même pas donné le mot, on avait donné leur nom, une adresse, et donc on était présenté de la part d’un tel, et je ne savais même pas le nom exact. Ce sont des gens qui m’ont reçue, qui m’ont donné les clés de leur maison, chez qui j’ai vécu pendant huit à dix jours, le temps qu’on me fabrique de fausses cartes. Je ne sortais pas parce que je n’avais pas de carte. J’avais peur à chaque instant d’être interpellée. Mais je suis restée chez eux huit jours, je restais chez eux huit jours, où j’étais nourrie, j’ai...on m’avait donné leur meilleure chambre et les clés. A partir du moment où j’ai eu ces fausses cartes, j’ai pu voyager.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=366.103,495.767"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: J’étais avant tout à côté de Perpignan, où j’ai dû retrouver les guides qui avaient fait passer mon mari, mais malheureusement, ils étaient tous...la plupart était arrêtée et je n’ai pas pu retrouver leurs traces. Enfin j’en ai trouvé d’autres...lorsqu’ils me proposaient évidemment de nous faire passer...mais à chaque fois que je leur parlais de mon plus jeune fils qui avait à ce moment-là l’âge...il n’avait que dix ans, ils refusaient énergiquement de le faire passer en me disant “ce garçon ne marchera pas jusqu’au bout, il ne pourrait pas passer dans la montagne, il nous fera prendre, etc.”...Enfin, j’ai mis...j’ai pas mal de contacts avec des gens très courageux, et qui m’ont découragée beaucoup, qu’ils me disaient de ne pas fuir, vous serez à l’abri...c’est une chose que je ne voulais pas faire, nous voulions partir retrouver mon mari et pour nous battre...battre avec notre pays, rester en contact avec notre pays. Et c’est, heu...un an après, seulement vers le mois d’octobre 1943, que nous avons décidé devant toutes les difficultés de passer seuls. Devant la...l’énergie de mon fils aîné qui a tout préparé, il avait choisi avec soin un itinéraire, lequel il a choisi avec au moins sa boussole parce que c’est un instrument extrêmement difficile à trouver en ce moment-là. Nous avions trouvé des boussoles de Scout qui étaient toutes plus ou moins bonnes. On en a essayé une grande quantité avant d’en trouver une qui indiquait véritablement le Nord. On avait énormément...on avait beaucoup de peine à trouver des cartes d’état-major naturellement aussi, qui est...nous étions...tout le monde se croyait surveillé, suivi naturellement, quand on allait acheter une carte de la frontière espagnole. Il l’a fait...avec beaucoup d’énergie des décisions d’autant plus méritoires venant d’un garçon qui avait à l’époque quinze ans. Et qui n’était, qui n’avait jamais fait de grands entraînements physiques, et c’est lui qui dans la montagne, nous a guidés, nous a tirés, poussés et nous a jamais perdus, simplement avec la boussole et la carte que nous n’osons pas sortir en vue du mauvais temps. Nous avons toujours été dans le droit chemin. Et nous pouvons dire que nous avons passé peut-être avec moins d’incidents qu’avec un passeur de profession, nous avons pris une route probablement plus aisée, plus facile. Et nous avons eu le courage peut-être de l’inconscience. Et nous avons franchi les Pyrénées de Perpignan à Casa, en neuf jours, nous sommes arrivés de Perpignan à Casa en neuf jours, avec trois jours de prison en Espagne. Ce qui a été...ce qu’était [unintelligible] à Casablanca.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.767,703.139"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] [break in sound] How did you get out of prison? Did they give you free passage to Casablanca? [unintelligible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=703.139,710.5"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Euh, nous étions, nous avons été pris dans un convoi de Français, ils évacuaient des Français. Naturellement, nous ne sommes pas restés longtemps en prison en raison du fait que nous n’étions pas des combattants. Une femme et des enfants de moins de 17 ans n’étaient pas considérés comme une prise importante pour les Espagnols. Des hommes restaient longtemps en camps de concentration que nous ne connaissions pas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=710.5,736.96"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] How old was your oldest boy then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=736.96,739.02"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: My oldest boy...Pierre?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=739.02,743.448"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Oui, mon fils aîné, avait quinze ans et demi. Et il faut dire que sur toutes les fausses cartes, je l’avais rajeuni encore d’un an pour être plus tranquille. Alors même les papiers qu’ont pris les Espagnols, nous avons fait les papiers français-espagnol, il avait quatorze ans sur les papiers que nous avons pris en espagnol et ce qui fait que nous étions donc garantis d’être des non-combattants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=743.448,780.732"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] [unintelligible] Well, Madame Kahn, can you tell me then, how long were you crossing the Pyrenees? How long did it take you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=780.732,792.298"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Bien, deux jours seulement. Nous avons marché le premier jour cinq heures et le second jour six ou sept heures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=792.298,804.847"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] And did you have things with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=804.847,806.998"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Nous n’avions absolument rien sur nous. Nous étions nu tête, nous étions comme des promeneurs pour ne pas attirer l’attention sur nous, et en passant nous avons déchiré nos chaussures qui n’étaient pas très solides, nos vêtements. En Espagne, évidemment nous avons vite été reconnus comme des passagers clandestins. Nous étions en loques, nous n’avions rien à manger, nous nous étions arrêtés dans des fermes où nous avait gentiment donné du lait.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=806.998,840.606"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] And did the children manage to come through well and came through all right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=840.606,845.847"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Les garçons sont arrivés en très bon état. [Boder interrupts] Bien sûr qu’en arrivant, si bien que...nous avons pris avec plaisir que le premier dîner qui nous a été offert par les carabiniers, avec l’argent qu’ils m’avaient pris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=845.847,862.99"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] How many kilometers did you walk?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=862.99,865.942"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Eh bien, nous ne savions pas exactement. Nous ne savions pas exactement, parce que nous avions la carte du côté français mais les cartes d’état-major n’indiquent rien en delà de la frontière, qui fait que nous n’avons jamais su le chemin exact que nous avons fait en Espagne, on a dû faire quarante à cinquante kilomètres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=865.942,884.297"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Uh huh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=884.297,885.201"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Oui. Evidemment beaucoup moins que la plupart des guides ont fait faire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=885.201,892.27"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] And were there a lot of Germans in Spain?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=892.27,895.252"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Or, en Espagne, nous n’avons pas vu d’Allemands, n’est-ce pas?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=895.252,898.114"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Pas d’Allemands?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=898.114,899.15"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: Non, on n’en a pas vu. On a vu des policiers espagnols.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=899.15,903.518"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Do you speak Spanish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=903.518,904.885"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Non, pas du tout.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=904.885,906.512"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] But then on the border they spoke French with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=906.512,909.325"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Non, non, ils parlaient espagnol, nous avons...justement le premier jour où nous avons été arrêtés, il nous est tombé un état-major espagnol qui essayait de nous interroger. C’était un Général qui me posait des questions en espagnol, comme je ne les comprenais pas, il y a renoncé. Pour ça que nous avons été raccompagnés une nuit à notre hôtel où nous avons encore couché sous clé et le lendemain, on nous a emmenés à Barcelone, où il y avait là des...où on parlait français.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=909.325,934.759"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] And when did you [both speaking at once] Where did you get the first notice from the Admiral? When did you hear from him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=934.759,944.307"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Ah, nous avons reçu dans le bateau qui nous a ramenés d’Espagne au Maroc, il y avait un...c’était un convoi organisé qui ramenait des Français, il y avait un officier de la marine, un Français. Je lui ai demandé s’il avait...s’il savait où se trouvait Ingénieur Kahn, Ingénieur en Chef Kahn. Il m’a dit qu’il l’avait vu deux soirs avant à Alger. Il y avait à peu près huit mois que je n’avais eu aucune nouvelle de mon mari.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=944.307,975.915"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] And how long were you in Africa before you returned to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=975.915,979.752"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Juste un an en Afrique. Juste un an. Nous sommes arrivés...le 22 octobre 1943 à Casa et je suis repartie d’Alger pour la France le 17 octobre 1944.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=979.752,1007.469"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Well, how did you find Paris when you came back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1007.469,1010.18"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anne Marcelle Kahn: [In French] Paris me paraissait magnifique! Bon, je n’ai jamais vu Paris avec les Allemands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1010.18,1018.253"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Well, I thank you very much. How really good of you to let me spend the evening with you and to have these interesting reports from three generations. Now, I would like to have...recording ends abruptly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1018.253,1036.67"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["French [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/transcript/8174/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/174/original/anne-marcelle-kahn_fr_en.vtt?1583247785","format":"text/vtt","language":"fr"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/174/original/anne-marcelle-kahn_fr_en.vtt?1583247785"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["kahnM_annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kahnL\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kahnL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=2.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=2.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/schrameckA\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/schrameckA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=2.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kahnJ\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kahnJ\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=2.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kahnL\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/kahnL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=44.0,78.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThat is, World War I. Mrs. Kahn entered a profession unusual for a woman at that time. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=44.0,78.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs Abraham Schramack, Mrs. Kahn's father noted, St. Etienne was where the Kahn family resided. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/schrameckA\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/interview/schrameckA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Saint-Etienne\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Saint-Etienne\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=82.0,101.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans abrogated the armistice agreement of June 1940 by occupying the Vichy zone of France on November 11, 1942. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShe means December 25. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeginning on January 22, 1943, German and French police arrested Jews in Marseille whether native-born or foreign. Since the relative immunity of native-born French Jews from arrest and deportation had ended, the Kahns were in grave danger. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=114.0,217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=217.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween January 22 and January 27, 1943, more than 10,000 French police and several thousand German police engaged in the operation to destroy the Vieux Port, the old central harbor and market section of Marseille. This operation displaced 22,000 people and completely demolished this section of the city. Like other German undertakings, this illustrated the ruthlessness and brutality of the Occupation. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=217.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=217.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=217.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring these January days, some 6,000 people were arrested in Marseille. Though half were released, the rest were imprisoned in Marseille and deported to the detention center at Compiègne, from where many were sent \"to the East\" for extermination. Not one of the 800 Jews deported from Marseille to Compiègne on January 24, 1943 ever returned. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Marseille\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=217.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrenoble, located in southeastern Alpine France about 64 miles southeast of Lyon, was at the time in the Italian-occupied zone of France. Thousands of Jews in France sought refuge in the benevolently-ruled Italian zone. In September 1943 when Italy capitulated and joined the Allies, the immunity of Jews in this zone evaporated. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Grenoble\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Grenoble\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=366.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere is a discrepancy here between Mrs. Kahn's account and that of her son, Jean, who claimed that the family heard the message from Admiral Kahn in December 1942, while still in Marseille. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=366.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Kahn, a member of a respected and well-established French Jewish family, was indeed fortunate to have a number of friends and acquaintances who helped her. Many foreign Jews in France during the Occupation lacked these contacts, and thus they were more vulnerable to arrest and deportation. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMrs. Kahn, a member of a respected and well-established French Jewish family, was indeed fortunate to have a number of friends and acquaintances who helped her. Many foreign Jews in France during the Occupation lacked these contacts, and thus they were more vulnerable to arrest and deportation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=366.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Kahn, a member of a respected and well-established French Jewish family, was indeed fortunate to have a number of friends and acquaintances who helped her. Many foreign Jews in France during the Occupation lacked these contacts, and thus they were more vulnerable to arrest and deportation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=366.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Kahn's account once again highlights the importance of having well-forged identification papers which would allow their bearer to travel freely. It appears that before she and her children actually made the crossing into Spain she had traveled to Perpignan to find guides to take them across. This attempt was unsuccessful. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=366.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perpignan\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perpignan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJean was twelve or thirteen at the time, old enough to try to make the escape. However, Mrs. Kahn's father was in his seventies and would not have been physically capable of undertaking the difficult journey. This is why she speaks about trying to save her children and not her father. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMrs. Kahn considered her country at the time was more truly represented by the Free French forces of General De Gaulle with which her husband was fighting. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhat Mrs. Kahn possibly means here is that they were oblivious to the difficulties they would encounter on the trip. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perpignan\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perpignan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perpignan\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perpignan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=495.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=703.0,710.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThese and other small acts of kindness were instrumental in helping the Kahns. It should not be forgotten that even during the years of the Holocaust, there were human beings who showed themselves capable of generous and humane behavior. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=806.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Barcelona\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Barcelona\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=909.0,934.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Algiers\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Algiers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=944.0,975.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Casablanca\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=979.0,1007.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Algiers\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Algiers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=979.0,1007.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1007.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086/annotation_set/1458/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParis had been liberated on August 25, 1944, less than two months before Mrs. Kahn arrived. [E.L.]\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17631/file/73086#t=1010.0,1018.0"}]}]}]}