{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/jm23b5wn7v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["David P. Boder Interviews Julian Weinberg, August 17, 1946, Paris, France"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1946-08-17"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[" German (Primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Wire recording"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":[" weinbergJ_9-49 (Local)"," weinbergJ_9-49_SLP.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":[" Paris (France) (Place of recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":[" Interview with Julian Weinberg by David P. Boder, conducted on August 17, 1946 at the Grand Hotel in Paris, France. (Abstract)"," Julian Weinberg, forty-nine years old at the time of the German conquest of Poland in 1939, was managing director of the electric power plant in Łódź, a post he resumed after liberation in 1944. Evidently he was visiting Paris at the time of his interview and planned to return to Poland. For some unexplained reason he was prepared to grant only half an hour for his interview. When a spool ran out as his story neared its end, there was no follow-up. This is a pity, because Weinberg experienced the entire span of the Łódź ghetto and was one of only a few hundred Jews who escaped its liquidation in August 1944. Short though it is, Julian Weinberg's story offers some glimpses into the fate of Łódź Jewry, including its terrorization by ethnic Germans in the first months of Nazi rule and the frantic rush of Jews to escape the terror by moving into the ghetto created in April 1940. Evidently the Germans had succeeded in making it look attractive to at least some inhabitants of Łódź, because Weinberg had to prove that his son was who he said he was and not some Polish orphan seeking a \"free ride\" to the ghetto. The interview also reveals how the Nazis skillfully lied to the Jews to secure their cooperation at various points, including their final removal from the ghetto, ostensibly to workplaces in Germany, but actually to the gas at Chelmno and Auschwitz. Julian recalls work in the ghetto as being \"a kind of silent sabotage” of the Germans as well as of the Jewish Council, widely viewed as corrupt by the mass of Jews. His job in the furniture shop explains why he was one of some 800 Jews exempted from the final evacuation of the ghetto to clear it of valuables, including furniture in need of repair. As the Russian army approached he was among those with the wit to go to ground and evade German death squads that combed the ghetto. (Commentary from FRESH WOUNDS: EARLY NARRATIVES OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVAL by Donald L. Niewyk. Copyright (c) 1998 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. www.uncpress.unc.edu) (Commentary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":[" World War, 1939-1945--Refugees (Topical)"," Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives (Topical)"," World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Jewish (Topical)"," Łódź (Poland) (Geographic)"," Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland) (Geographic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":[" Weinberg, Julian (Interviewee)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Interviewer)"," Platt, Dagmar (Transcriber)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Translator)"," English, Eben (Editor)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"," interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Inerviewee Nationality"]},"value":{"en":["Poland"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Gender"]},"value":{"en":["Male"]}}],"summary":{"en":[" Interview with Julian Weinberg by David P. Boder, conducted on August 17, 1946 at the Grand Hotel in Paris, France."," Julian Weinberg, forty-nine years old at the time of the German conquest of Poland in 1939, was managing director of the electric power plant in Łódź, a post he resumed after liberation in 1944. Evidently he was visiting Paris at the time of his interview and planned to return to Poland. For some unexplained reason he was prepared to grant only half an hour for his interview. When a spool ran out as his story neared its end, there was no follow-up. This is a pity, because Weinberg experienced the entire span of the Łódź ghetto and was one of only a few hundred Jews who escaped its liquidation in August 1944. Short though it is, Julian Weinberg's story offers some glimpses into the fate of Łódź Jewry, including its terrorization by ethnic Germans in the first months of Nazi rule and the frantic rush of Jews to escape the terror by moving into the ghetto created in April 1940. Evidently the Germans had succeeded in making it look attractive to at least some inhabitants of Łódź, because Weinberg had to prove that his son was who he said he was and not some Polish orphan seeking a \"free ride\" to the ghetto. The interview also reveals how the Nazis skillfully lied to the Jews to secure their cooperation at various points, including their final removal from the ghetto, ostensibly to workplaces in Germany, but actually to the gas at Chelmno and Auschwitz. Julian recalls work in the ghetto as being \"a kind of silent sabotage” of the Germans as well as of the Jewish Council, widely viewed as corrupt by the mass of Jews. His job in the furniture shop explains why he was one of some 800 Jews exempted from the final evacuation of the ghetto to clear it of valuables, including furniture in need of repair. As the Russian army approached he was among those with the wit to go to ground and evade German death squads that combed the ghetto. (Commentary from FRESH WOUNDS: EARLY NARRATIVES OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVAL by Donald L. Niewyk. Copyright (c) 1998 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher. www.uncpress.unc.edu)"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Illinois Institute of Technology"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/148/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583170000","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - weinbergJ_9-49_SLP.mp3"]},"duration":2384.09938,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/073/148/small/IMGP8810.JPG?1583170000","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iit.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/073/148/original/weinbergJ_9-49_SLP.mp3?1583170000","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2384.09938,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English translation [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] You can speak Yiddish or German, as you wish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=0.0,2.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2.0,2.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where are you from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2.0,5.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I come from...from Lodz","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=5.0,8.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=8.0,8.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=8.0,9.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Poland. What is your full name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=9.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] August 17, 1946. Paris, Grand Hotel...Hotel, Spool Number 49. An Illinois Institute of Technology recording. The interviewee is the engineer Julian Weinberg, from Lodz, Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=15.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] Now then, Mr. Weinberg, will you please tell us again, what is your name, and where you are from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=33.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Julian Weinberg, from Lodz, Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=41.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What are you doing now in Lodz, Mr. Weinberg?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=49.0,52.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I am now the managing director of the Electric Works, Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=52.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=61.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the larger electric plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=61.0,67.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Now tell me, were you also before the war connected with these works?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=67.0,73.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I worked before the war too, in this plant since 1911...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=73.0,80.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=80.0,81.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . and in the year...this year, 1946, I have celebrated the thirty-fifth Jubilee of my services in these electric plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=81.0,100.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. But you look like a very young man, Mr. Weinberg. How old are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=100.0,105.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in 1890...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=105.0,109.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=109.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I am fifty-six years old...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=110.0,112.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=112.0,113.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And as a twenty year old man I already took over the post of engineer in the Electrical Works of Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=113.0,127.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So that was still when...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=127.0,128.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Right after...that was in 1911—that means, short after my graduation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=128.0,137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=137.0,137.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I studied in Paris. I was...I studied mathematics at the Sorbonne and then I graduated from the Politechnicum in Nancy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=137.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So, then, you were an engineer during the time Poland was [part of] Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=151.0,156.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=156.0,157.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=157.0,158.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Exactly!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=158.0,158.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You were employed in spite of being a Jew?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=158.0,161.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...when Poland still belonged to Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=161.0,166.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now tell me then, Mr. Weinberg...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=166.0,168.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That was ‘Congress Poland.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=168.0,170.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I am a bit nervous [uneasy] because you don’t want to give me more than half an hour. And I know that you have to tell a great deal. I therefore should like to ask you...to ask you the following things. Answer a few questions. Where were you when the Germans marched into Poland?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=170.0,193.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e In the last war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=193.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=195.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was then in Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=196.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You were in Lodz at you job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=197.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e At my job. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=199.0,202.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e For how long did the Germans leave you alone [did not bother you]? [Pause.] How long did you continue working after the arrival of the Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=202.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e After the arrival of the Germans I worked...[pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=211.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=216.0,220.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Two months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=220.0,222.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Two months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=222.0,222.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Two months...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=222.0,223.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What have...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=223.0,224.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . And then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=224.0,225.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=225.0,225.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . our plant was taken over by an SS man...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=225.0,230.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=230.0,231.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And I, as a Jew, had to leave my post. And so...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=231.0,246.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And what did you do then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=246.0,249.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Then an order came that all Jews were to leave the city, in order...to the ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=249.0,262.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . to move?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=262.0,263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e To move...Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=263.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Aside:] Do you talk Yiddish better?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=264.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Makes no difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=266.0,267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now then. Describe to us, as an intelligent person [educated person], as an engineer...describe to us the ghetto of Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=267.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Even before we moved to the Ghetto we received such...[word not clear] marks of discrimination [??] as the armband, the yellow armband, so that we would be recognized on the streets as Jews. And then that appeared not enough to them, so they pasted [on us] such yellow stars from the front and on the back, so that from all sides it would be recognizable that here walks a Jew. Naturally the going about town was almost impossible for the Jews, because they were grabbed by the Germans on the streets. The Jews were [then] taken for most common labor. Regardless of who it was, whether he was a laborer or an intellectual, he had to perform the hardest forms of labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=274.0,332.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of work were you compelled to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=332.0,336.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I, for example, was compelled one day to scrub floors...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=336.0,344.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=344.0,345.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I also had an experience, when my mother had died on the fifth of March and I had to bury her. I was then the only one at the cemetery. Nobody was permitted to accompany the body to the grave, and when I was returning from the cemetery, I was grabbed on the street by a young Folk-German, dragged through a gate; and in the yard I was compelled to carry coal from a cart to the cellar...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=345.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=390.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And that lasted several hours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=392.0,394.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And [word not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=394.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That was precisely when I was about to return home from the cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=395.0,400.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now then, Mr. Weinberg, let us have that straight. Simply a boy, not an officer—not an official...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=400.0,408.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e No...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=408.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That was a boy—a young man of about twenty years of age...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=411.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=415.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e With a whip.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=415.0,417.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=417.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e He grabbed me on the street and dragged me through the gate of a building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=418.0,424.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=424.0,424.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And there were many other Jews. About fifteen people were assembled there and all of them had to carry coal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=424.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e For whom was the coal carried? Was it a government office, or was it a private...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=436.0,440.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That was for the National Socialist Peoples’ Union [Nazy Party]; it was NSV.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=440.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...And they simply...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=450.0,451.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e NSV.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=451.0,451.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . were detaining people on the streets...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=451.0,453.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=453.0,454.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . to make them work:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=454.0,454.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=454.0,455.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=455.0,457.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e As the work was completed...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=457.0,459.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=459.0,459.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . several were released to go home; but I, when they learned that I was an engineer—","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=459.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=468.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was detained, and I had to remain for two hours longer, because they considered me an intellectual and I was compelled for another two hours to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=468.0,486.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e drag...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=486.0,486.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . to drag the coal. Yes. From one cellar to the other, I had to perform a perfectly useless task.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=486.0,493.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, that was simply chicanery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=493.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That was pure chicanery...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=495.0,498.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=498.0,498.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And then, only at [late] hours, in the evening, was I able to go home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=498.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=505.0,505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e In general, it was dangerous for the Jews in the streets, because everybody could do with us as he pleased. That was but a small episode which I experienced shortly before my entrance into the Ghetto...Then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=505.0,527.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=527.0,527.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e It was decided that we should go to the Ghetto of Lodz in an organized manner. For instance, every day a certain section of the city should be resettled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=527.0,545.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e By the Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=545.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e By the Germans, yes. Where I lived...about...this section was to go first. And so...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=546.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that a better section.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=560.0,562.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And at 17 hours sharp [5 p.m.] our home was by the SS men...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=562.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e surrounded?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=577.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . surrounded, and all the Jews had to abandon the city. The SS men entered the apartments directly, occupied by the Jews; have...have...gave us only five minutes time to leave the apartments instantly. And so everyone could take with him...only the least trifle of his possessions in a knapsack, and then step out into the yard. I had a peculiar incident happen with my son. He has a kind of an ‘Aryan’ look. So he was struck with a whip because he wanted to go with his father. The SS man did not believe that he was Jewish. And he thought that he wanted to smuggle himself away with the Jews. I had first to prove that...that he was my son, and so he was taken with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=577.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now for what ‘lucky’ purpose would one want to smuggle himself away with the Jews?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=651.0,655.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Because he wanted to go with his parents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=655.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e That’s true. But how could an SS man think that anybody would intentionally [voluntarily] go to the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=657.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e [His language becomes rather erratic] He [the SS] did not know. He might have thought that he was an ‘Aryan,’ you see? That by chance that was a boy—He was that time...about...about fifteen years old, you see?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=662.0,678.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=678.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e He was still young...young boy, you see? So he thought he may be up to some mischief.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=679.0,685.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha. Now...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=685.0,687.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, that was in the winter. It was freezing. We were again assembled in a yard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=687.0,697.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=697.0,698.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e All the Jews from the various houses of this region, this section...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=698.0,704.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=704.0,705.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . were assembled, and we did not know exactly where they would lead...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=705.0,714.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . lead you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=714.0,715.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e lead us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=715.0,716.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e All right. Now tell me, Mr. Weinberg, I am, of course, eager to hear anything you say. But you have promised to give me only a half hour.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=716.0,724.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=724.0,725.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And that is why I should like to come to other questions. How long were you in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=725.0,733.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in the Ghetto over five years. That is all the time [of the German occupation]. I only wanted to tell you briefly...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=733.0,739.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Please tell everything...[a few words not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=739.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Afterwards...afterwards...how we went to the Ghetto. We learned...the same day...the same SS men...if they were not instantly admitted to an apartment...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=740.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=753.0,754.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e They would break down the doors...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=754.0,756.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=756.0,756.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . and where there were sick who could not go with them...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=756.0,760.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=760.0,760.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . they shot the sick people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=760.0,763.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now how come [not clear—both talk together]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=763.0,764.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e After we learned...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=764.0,768.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=768.0,768.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . that they intended to drive people to the Ghetto by such means. So the following days all the Jews went to the Ghetto on their own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=768.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=780.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e So, although it [the resettlement] was to last a week, all the Jews left the town on their own, because they have seen the inhuman methods with which the Jews were treated. And so we were taken to the Ghetto on foot; among us were many young girls, old women in bedslippers. Some were running even barefooted on the snow. En route we had to throw away the rucksacks because the burden was too heavy to carry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=780.0,827.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=827.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And so we arrived in the Ghetto. The Ghetto of Lodz was completely isolated from the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=828.0,841.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=841.0,842.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e There was absolutely no communication. It was surrounded with wire...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=842.0,848.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But it was in the city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=848.0,849.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e It was on the outskirts of the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=849.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=853.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e They selected the suburb.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=853.0,855.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=855.0,857.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e A section...the worse section of the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=857.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=861.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That was assigned to the Jews. It was surrounded with barbed wire, and strictly guarded by police guards; so that nobody may leave the Ghetto, and there were to be no communication with the city whatsoever...Yes...[Pause] at the beginning it was said...that...at the beginning people still lived...Everybody still had some money which he took with him...and some people had taken some food also, provisions. And one could manage the first few days. Afterwards there was formed a so-called Ghetto Council. This Ghetto Council was actually an outgrowth of the...of the City Council.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=862.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. What did you say, a...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=945.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . a branch...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=949.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=950.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . a branch of the City Council.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=950.0,953.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=953.0,955.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e At the head of the Ghetto Council stood the famous Bieburg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=955.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Riebuck?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=961.0,962.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Bie-burg [?].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=962.0,963.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A Jew?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=963.0,964.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e No. That was a German from Bremen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=964.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=968.0,970.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e A businessman [ a merchant].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=970.0,971.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you spell his name? [The enunciation of the name still appeared indistinct]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=971.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e B...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=972.0,974.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=974.0,975.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e i—e—b—o—w","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=975.0,979.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Bielow [pronounced Bee-loff]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=979.0,980.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Bielow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=980.0,981.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Now then, he was a merchant from Bremen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=981.0,986.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And he took over the whole management [council]. Now it was proclaimed that the Jews in the Ghetto had to work, otherwise they shall be unable to live. They were to earn their existence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=986.0,1001.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1001.0,1003.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, then there were created various shops [?], various outfits where the Jews were compelled to work. Let us say, a clothing shop...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1003.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1020.0,1022.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . where all kind of clothing was produced...the tailoring details. Then there were metal details, and electrical details, a rug detail, various...The people who had no...had no trade, had to reeducate themselves in order to do something. Naturally the Jews did not wish to work for the German power [state]. They were doing only a little bit in order to give an impression as if they were working. Otherwise we would have gotten no provisions from the Germans. However, Jewish labor was the cheapest as it was worthwhile for the people—the Germans—to create these various shops although the interestive work was not very interestive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1022.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Although the work was not very intensive?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1091.0,1093.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1093.0,1093.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1093.0,1094.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And it was not intensive because our Jews actually did not wish to work for the germans. It was a kind...a kind of silent sabotage against the Germans [Pause]. However, the Ghetto Council did good business in spite of that, because they were selling...They were selling the products that were manufactured in the Ghetto on the ‘Left’ market. For example...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1094.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e On the black market?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1133.0,1134.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . on the black market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1134.0,1135.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What did you call it, the ‘Left’...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1135.0,1138.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . the black market, it was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1138.0,1139.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But what was the other word for it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1139.0,1141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e ‘Left’ market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1141.0,1142.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they use that expression?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1142.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Some were [called it] ‘Left.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1144.0,1146.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. That is all right, I just want to know it. Now then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1146.0,1149.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e They sold on the ‘black’ without ration certificates,you see? Without certificates...[may also mean ‘purchase permits’].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1149.0,1155.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1155.0,1156.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e For instance...our wood detail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1156.0,1165.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1165.0,1166.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e We constructed, for instance, very many pieces of furniture...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1166.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1171.0,1172.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . and little beds for children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1172.0,1174.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1174.0,1175.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e These they could sell without [purchase] certificates, and that is why it was [one word not clear] worthwhile for me to manage these works for us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1175.0,1183.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1183.0,1188.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e To be sure. We were not getting any money, but only provisions, and very little. The best proof of it is that thousands of people were compelled to starve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1188.0,1204.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1204.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Through the Lodz[?] Ghetto in excess of two hundred thousand people have passed. These were mostly Polish Jews; but there were also Jews from Germany, from Austria, and from Czechoslovakia brought also to the Lodz Ghetto, about fifteen thousand Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1205.0,1240.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1240.0,1242.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And these people were precisely the ones who were unable to adjust rapidly to the hard living conditions in the Ghetto. And it is possible to say that 90% of these Jews...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1242.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . who have come from abroad?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1260.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . who have come from the West were among those who were driven to death by starvation. Also the Polish Jews, especially the women, were neither able to stand the hard conditions, and many perished from hunger and various epidemic illnesses, such as spotted fever, intestinal typhus, and the like. Besides, these ‘normal’ [natural] cases of death, if that could be...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1260.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . called...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1308.0,1309.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . called ‘normal’...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1309.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1310.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . There were these many deportations. It simply was said that the Germans were in need of people for various kinds of work. And so many people who were feeling bad in our Ghetto applied [for such work]. They thought that ‘outside’ it would be better. So they departed for work...but they never returned. Many deportations took place from our Ghetto, managed by the [word not clear], particularly by the Gestapo in coordination with the [name—word not clear] authority. These orders which were imparted to us arrived from Berlin. And so it was proclaimed that ten thousand people are to be deported—always it was said for work. But the people never returned. One ‘nice’ day they established in our Ghetto a so-called ‘passage [?] blockade!’...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1312.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Passage [?] blockade...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1393.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Passage [?] blockade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1394.0,1395.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1395.0,1395.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . was established. And the SS men came...[word not clear]. All Jews had to assemble. They made a selection—who was to be evacuated and who was to remain. And so women and men who looked bad were embarked on carts and on trucks, and taken to assembly points. There came the so-called ‘roll-commando’ [transportation detail], ‘roll commando.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1395.0,1439.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1439.0,1439.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Those were SS men on heavy, large freight autos, with trailers. There all the Jews...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1439.0,1449.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [A check on the German word] Anhänger means trailers, a second vehicle...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1449.0,1451.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, a second vehicle. There the people crowded into these autos and were removed. Also the hospitals were cleared of the gravely ill. The children were removed from the hospitals and from the homes, the childrens’ homes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1451.0,1482.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1482.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Some of them were actually thrown on the autos, you see?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1483.0,1489.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1489.0,1490.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And in this manner all that was carted away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1490.0,1494.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you seen it yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1494.0,1496.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e This I have seen myself. Yes...It is interesting that...that afterwards the clothes of these unfortunate people who were shipped away...these same old clothes were returned to the Ghetto. And so as later...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1496.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e For what purpose?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1521.0,1523.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e These old pieces of clothing should be used by the Jews who had still remained, because...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1523.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [word not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1530.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . We remained in the Ghetto for more than five years. Of these old pieces of clothing, of these old shoes which came back torn, because they were searching for various valuable...valuable objects [hidden] in the clothes; so the clothes were torn up, altered. The shoes as well. In our Ghetto the better things were repaired, and then partly distributed among the remaining population in the Ghetto, and partly it was also shipped out by the Germans for the bombed-out German population. [Pause]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1530.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now then...And you spent five full years in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1588.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1593.0,1595.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you participate in community [affairs/?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1595.0,1599.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I participated but little in the community [affairs], because we had one elder of the Jews...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1599.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1609.0,1610.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . He was very much on his own [overbearing]...Rumkowski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1610.0,1613.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1613.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Rumkowski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1614.0,1615.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I have heard already that name from others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1615.0,1617.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Certainly. He received the orders directly...the orders from the Ghetto management, and he afterwards executed the orders...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1617.0,1629.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1629.0,1629.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . as far as it was in his power. I did not want to participate directly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1629.0,1635.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Is he presently alive?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1635.0,1638.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e In these things, because I was opposed to the whole politics and I had to keep away from that whole business. Here...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1638.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Is Rumkowski still alive?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1651.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e No, Rumkowski is not alive anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1653.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1656.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e He was annihilated by the Germans in Auschwitz. And so the last evacuation took place in the month of August, 1944. At that time the Oberburgermeister of the city came and also the functionaries of the Ghetto management. They made speeches, they told us that now the whole [trend of] politics has changed in Germany. Germany needs workers by the hundreds; Germany was bombarded, many German cities have been annihilated. These cities must be rebuilt and therefore, also the Jewish labor must...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1656.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . be used?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1708.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . be made use of. Then there was a commission of generals, all of...a military commission, and they have decided that Lodz is located near the front...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1708.0,1728.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1728.0,1730.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . and it would not be right to keep so many Jews near the front. That was not right. They wanted to help the Jews...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1730.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1743.0,1744.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . so that they may not remain in the front zone, and therefore they have arranged [?] that we should leave, and we shall have better work, good living conditions and that they...have...with such...[he is here completely confused in search of the proper words]. Oh...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1744.0,1771.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Trying to guess the meaning] With such [apparent] frankmess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1771.0,1777.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1777.0,1778.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] sincerity?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1778.0,1779.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . frankness presented [the proper word would have been cunning, slyness] that the people...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1779.0,1783.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . conviction?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1783.0,1784.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...That...they actually wanted to convince the people that...that they would have better work and better conditions. But what revealed itself [what actually happened ?], all the Jews were evacuated, not to the bombed-out cities, but everything [this pronoun refers, of course, to people; but like in so many other instances reflects the helplessness, the doom, the humiliation of the people concerned] went through Auschwitz—through the famous extermination camp. And there in Auschwitz the people were subjected again to a selection and most of them were compelled to pass through the crematories and there they ended their lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1784.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you in Auschwitz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1830.0,1832.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e I was not in Auschwitz. I was...I remained among eight hundred and sixty people who were compelled to remain in the Ghetto of Lodz. That was a detail assembled by the Germans who were supposed to put the Ghetto in order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1832.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1861.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Put in order [straighten up]; that means to assemble the pieces of furniture that have remained, the...all the pieces of clothing, pillows [?] [He badly searches for words]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1862.0,1880.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . pillows and [In English:] bedding, [the confusion of the language by the interviewee obviously affects also the interviewer; like in the case of a normal individual talking to a stutterer—again in German] bedclothes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1880.0,1886.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . The bed...Yes, all the bedding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1886.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1890.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That lasted a few months. We...as the last seventy thousand people were taken toAuschwitz the Ghetto became greatly reduced, and we, the remaining eight hundred and sixty men and women...we were in two factory buildings [search for words] billetted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1890.0,1941.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . housed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1941.0,1944.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. The men in one...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1944.0,1947.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Words not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1947.0,1947.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . in one factory building, and the women in another factory building.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1947.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was your son? [?]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1950.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e That was...my son was with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1951.0,1954.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hm...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1954.0,1954.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e And my wife and my daughter were...were...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1954.0,1960.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e On the other side...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1960.0,1962.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . on the other side. And so...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1962.0,1963.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Are they with you now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1963.0,1965.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. We were housed directly in these two buildings—which have become some kind of lager, and from this instant we were regarded as a lager, like in Auschwitz, Dachau or the kind. We were subject to all disciplinary...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1965.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e All discipline...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1999.0,2002.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . all discipline...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2002.0,2004.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . and rules...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2004.0,2005.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . and rules of the lagers. That meant, every morning we had to assemble on the yard for appell...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2005.0,2020.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2020.0,2021.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e Then the SS men would come. They assigned the people to various labor tasks. So this business dragged on until the 19th of September...January...until the 19th of January, 1945, on which date our city was...was liberated by the Russians and the then onmarching Polish armies. Now, during the last days, as we saw that the Russian offensive approached from Warsaw...You must know that we had a concealed radio also in the lager. We knew, therefore, approximately how the events stood. And so three days before the liberation of the city we all hid ourselves. We abandoned our lager and we hid ourselves within the Ghetto because it was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2021.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e guarded...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2121.0,2122.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . occupied by a police guard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2122.0,2123.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that not the lager police?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2123.0,2124.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e No [He uses the word ‘only’]. The lager proper had no German police guard, only the Ghetto as a whole. We got out of the lager at night and hid in various bunkers, in various buildings, in cellars, and in the attics of the buildings. I, personally, hid myself in a transformer station. That was a high tension room, where I have [hidden] my family. Altogether I hid there thirteen persons. And for that reason I remained alive. The Germans, as we learned later, had come into our yard and there they found, instead of eight hundred and sixty persons, only twenty-three individuals. They made a big ‘to-do,’ ‘Where are the others?’ The people were unable to give a reply. And they said, ‘Yes, they got out of the lager.’ And they arrested the twenty-three persons. They did not shoot them, only arrested them. And they decided to drag out of the apartments the rest of the eight hundred people who had hidden themselves, and then proceed with a general...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2124.0,2229.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Execution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2229.0,2229.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . execution...[We know that] because they had dug with Jewish labor nine mass graves on the cemetery. We knew about that. And they intended to get us all out there and to annihilate us in these mass graves.  And so the first day after they had arrested these twenty-three persons—there were about a hundred and twenty SS men with arms—they wanted to find us...The first day they were indeed able to find about seventy people, about seventy persons. They did not shoot them yet. They arrested them also, like the first twenty-three persons. And they came the next day...the next day they wanted to find the rest. Now they brought dogs with them. They wanted to find the people by means of dogs. The next day they found a few people again. All [were] arrested again. Another night went by and then they were compelled to abandon the city on the sly. And so the saved...the remaining people, who had stayed over in the Ghetto...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2229.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2358.0,2360.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJulian Weinberg:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . have saved themselves in this manner, and also the people who were arrested were later set free by us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2360.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e One moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2373.0,2375.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8104/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] This ends Spool 49, a report by the engi—...[ends abruptly]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2375.0,2384.09938"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["German transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Sei können jüdisch oder deutsch reden, wie Sie wollen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=0.271,2.377"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2.377,2.678"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Von wo sind Sie jetzt gekommen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2.678,5.361"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ich bin gekommen von...aus Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=5.361,8.193"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=8.193,8.735"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Polen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=8.735,9.458"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Polen. Wie ist Ihr voller Name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=9.458,15.542"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] August 17, 1946. Paris, Grand Hotel. Spool Number 49. An Illinois Institute of Technology recording. The interviewee is with the engineer Julian Weinberg from Lodz, Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=15.542,33.918"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Also Herr Weinberg, wollen Sie mir nochmals sagen, was ist Ihr Name und von wo sind Sie?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=33.918,41.49"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Mein Name ist Julian Weinberg aus Lodz, Polen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=41.49,49.773"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was tun Sie jetzt in Lodz, Herr Weinberger?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=49.773,52.364"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Jetzt bin ich Leitender Direktor des Elektrizitätswerkes Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=52.364,61.051"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=61.051,61.696"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das ist...das ist eines der größten Elektrizitätswerke Polens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=61.696,67.973"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja. Sagen Sie mal, waren Sie auch vor dem Kriege mit diesen Werken verbunden?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=67.973,73.967"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja, vor dem Kriege habe ich auch gearbeitet in diesem Werke seit 1911.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=73.967,80.985"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=80.985,81.588"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Und im Jahre, in diesem Jahre neunzehn hundert sechs und vierzig (1946) habe ich das fünf und dreißig (35) jährige Jubiläum meiner Arbeit in diesem Elektrizitätswerke gefeiert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=81.588,100.516"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja. Aber Sie sehen aus, wie ein ganz junger Mensch, Herr Weinberg! Wie alt sind Sie?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=100.516,105.859"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ich bin geboren achtzehn hundert neunzig (1890)...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=105.859,109.444"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=109.444,110.028"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . ich bin sechs und fünfzig (56) Jahre alt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=110.028,112.197"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=112.197,113.492"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Und als ein und zwanzig (21) jähriger junger Mann habe ich bereits den Posten eines Ingenieurs in dem Elektrizitätswerk Lodz übernommen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=113.492,127.498"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also das war noch...[beide sprechen]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=127.498,128.673"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Gleich nach...das war neunzehn hundert elf (1911)—das heißt kurz nach meinem Studium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=128.673,137.028"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=137.028,137.45"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Studiert habe ich in Paris. War ich...habe ich studiert Mathematik, das war auf der Sorbonne und dann habe ich das Polytechnikum in Nancy absolviert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=137.45,151.908"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also, Sie waren noch Ingenieur zur Zeit wo Polen Russland war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=151.908,156.649"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Jawohl, ganz richtig.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=156.649,157.836"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja. Deswegen weil Sie Jude waren, waren Sie angestellt dort?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=157.836,161.716"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja, wenn Polen noch an Russland gehörte.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=161.716,166.638"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun, sagen Sie mal, Herr Weinberg...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=166.638,168.277"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das war das Kongress Polen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=168.277,170.217"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja. Ich bin ein bisschen nervös, denn Sie wollen mir nicht mehr als eine halbe ( ½ ) Stunde geben und ich weiß, dass Sie sehr viel zu erzählen haben. Darum möchte ich Sie Folgendes bitten. Beantworten Sie ein paar Fragen. Wo waren Sie, wenn die Deutschen Polen...also nach Polen rein kamen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=170.217,193.271"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Im letzten Krieg?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=193.271,195.128"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=195.128,196.014"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Da war ich in Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=196.014,197.562"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Sie waren in Lodz auf Ihrer Stelle?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=197.562,199.369"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Auf meiner Stelle, ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=199.369,202.261"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie lange haben Sie die Deutschen zufrieden gelassen? Wie lange haben Sie gearbeitet nachdem die Deutschen gekommen sind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=202.261,211.731"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Nachdem die Deutschen gekommen sind, habe ich gearbeitet...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=211.731,216.201"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=216.201,220.43"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . hm, zwei (2) Monate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=220.43,222.219"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Zwei Monate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=222.219,222.791"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Zwei Monate. Und dann wurde unser Werk durch einen SS Mann übernommen...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=222.791,230.123"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=230.123,231.701"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . und ich musste—als Jude—musste ich meinen Posten verlassen. Also...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=231.701,246.069"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und was haben Sie dann getan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=246.069,249.906"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Dann kam eine Verordnung...alle Juden mussten die Stadt verlassen, um sich nach dem Ghetto zu...hm,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=249.906,263.132"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Zu begeben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=263.132,263.491"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . zu begeben. Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=263.491,264.937"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Sprechen Sie Jiddisch lieber?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=264.937,266.455"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das ist ganz egal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=266.455,267.521"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also, beschreiben Sie uns...als ein intelligenter Mensch, als ein Ingenieur, beschreiben Sie uns das Lodzer Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=267.521,274.961"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Also bevor wir noch in das Ghetto gegangen sind, da haben wir bekommen früher...zuerst solche...eine gelbe Armbinde, damit man uns auf der Strasse als Jude unterscheidet. Und dann war das noch zu wenig für die Deutschen, haben sie uns dann solche gelben Sterne angeklebt von vorne und von hinten, damit man von allen Seiten bemerkt, dass da ein Jude geht. Natürlich war der ganze Verkehr in der Stadt für die Juden fast unmöglich, weil die wurden von den Deutschen, hm, auf der Strasse, so verschiedene, ganz gewöhnliche Arbeiter wurden von den Deutschen genommen, unabhängig davon wer das ist, ob das ein Arbeiter oder ein Intelligenter ist, musste er die schwersten Arbeiten ausführen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=274.961,332.717"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was für Arbeiten haben Sie ausführen müssen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=332.717,336.344"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ich musste, zum Beispiel, Fußboden scheuern eines Tages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=336.344,344.579"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=344.579,345.404"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ich hatte noch einen Fall, als meine Mutter am fünften (5.) März gestorben ist und ich musste sie beerdigen. Da war ich der Einzige auf dem Friedhof; niemand durfte die Leiche begleiten ans Grab. Und als ich vom Friedhof zurück kehrte wurde ich auf der Strasse aufgefangen von einem jungen Volksdeutschen und in ein Tor geschleppt und auf dem Hofe musste ich Kohle von einem Fuhrwerk nach dem Keller tragen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=345.404,390.504"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=390.504,392.263"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Und das dauerte ein paar Stunden. Da war...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=392.263,394.793"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=394.793,395.094"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das war genau als ich vom Friedhof nach Hause mich begeben wollte.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=395.094,400.727"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also, Herr Weinberg, wollen wir das klar haben, also einfach ein Junge, nicht ein Offizier, nicht ein Beamter...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=400.727,408.992"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Nein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=408.992,409.745"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Einfach ein...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=409.745,411.023"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das war ein junger...so ungefähr ein und zwanzig (21)...ein junger Mann...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=411.023,415.347"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=415.347,415.89"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Mit einer Peitsche.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=415.89,417.709"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=417.709,418.643"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Hat er mich auf der Strasse aufgefangen und in ein Tor geschleppt in ein Haus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=418.643,424.155"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=424.155,424.908"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Und dort waren noch andere Juden; es waren angesammelt zirka fünfzehn (15) Mann und alle mussten Kohle schleppen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=424.908,436.354"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Für wen hat man die Kohle geschleppt? Was es eine Behörde oder war es private...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=436.354,440.432"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das war für die nationale sozialistische Volksorganisation, also N S V.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=440.432,450.191"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja. Und die haben einfach...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=450.191,451.577"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: N S V .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=451.577,451.89"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: . . . Leute auf der Strasse aufgehalten?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=451.89,453.649"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=453.649,454.011"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und gezwungen zu arbeiten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=454.011,454.746"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=454.746,455.451"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=455.451,457.24"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Als die Arbeit fertig war...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=457.24,459.108"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=459.108,459.903"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . da wurden Mehrere nach Hause gelassen. Aber mich...wenn sie erfuhren ich bin Ingenieur,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=459.903,468.036"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=468.036,468.56"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . haben sie mich zurück gelassen und ich musste noch zwei (2) Stunden länger bleiben, weil sie mich als Intele...als Intellektuellen betrachtet haben. Und ich musste noch zwei (2) Stunden noch Kohle, hm,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=468.56,486.331"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Schleppen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=486.331,486.753"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . schleppen die Kohle, ja, von einem Keller in den Anderen, so eine unbrauchbare Arbeit eigentlich musste ich ausführen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=486.753,493.753"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ach so, das war bloß Schikanerie?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=493.753,495.801"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja, das war eine reine Schikane...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=495.801,498.633"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=498.633,498.946"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . und dann erst in den späten Abendstunden konnte ich nach Hause gehen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=498.946,505.061"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=505.061,505.465"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Überhaupt auf der Strasse war es ganz gefährlich für die Juden, weil jeder konnte...konnte mit uns machen, was er nur wollte. Das ist nur eine kleine Episode, die ich kurz vor dem, hm, dem Übertritt in das Ghetto hatte. Nun...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=505.465,527.314"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=527.314,527.857"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . war es beschlossen, dass eigentlich die...das nach dem Lodzer Ghetto...sollte man eigentlich organisiert gehen. Also jeden Tag sollte ein bestimmtes Stadtviertel übersiedelt werden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=527.857,545.49"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Bei den Deutschen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=545.49,546.315"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Bei den Deutschen, ja. Hm, dort wo ich wohnte ungefähr—dieses Stadtviertel sollte zuerst gehen. Also...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=546.315,560.863"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: War das ein besseres Stadtviertel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=560.863,562.603"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das war ein besseres Stadtviertel, ja. Und, hm, Punkt um siebzehn (17) Uhr wurde unser Haus durch SS Mann...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=562.603,577.133"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Umzingelt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=577.133,577.916"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: umzingelt und alle Juden mussten das Haus verlassen. Also die SS Männer, die kamen direkt in die Wohnungen, wo Juden wohnten; haben...haben...haben uns nur fünf (5) Minuten Zeit gegeben damit wir sofort die Wohnung verlassen. Also jeder hat...konnte nur mitnehmen das Allerwenigste, was er hatte in einem Rucksack, um...um sich nach draußen auf den Hof zu begeben. Mit meinem Sohn hatte ich auch so einen Fall. Er hat so ein arisches Aussehen. Da hatte er Peitschen bekommen, weil er mit dem Vater mitgehen wollte. Ihm glaubte der SS Mann nicht, dass er Jude ist. Und er dachte, er wollte sich mit den Juden mit schmuggeln. Nun ich musste erst feststellen, dass das mein Sohn ist, dann hat man ihn auch mit genommen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=577.916,651.537"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Na, für welches „Glück“ wollte er sich mit den Juden mit schmuggeln?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=651.537,655.043"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Na, er wollte mit den Eltern gehen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=655.043,657.091"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Na ja, ich sage aber, warum soll der SS Mann denken, dass er absichtlich ins Ghetto gehen will?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=657.091,662.646"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Aha. Ja, er wusste nicht, er hat vielleicht gedacht, das ist ein Arier, nicht wahr. Dass er vielleicht zufällig...das war ein, hm, Junge—er war damals so zirka, hm, hm, fünfzehn (15) Jahr, nicht wahr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=662.646,678.863"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=678.863,679.146"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ein kleiner...kleiner Junge, nicht wahr. Da dachte der, er hat sich verlaufen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=679.146,685.411"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aha. Nun?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=685.411,687.218"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Nun, es war im Winter, es war frostig. Da hat man uns wieder gesammelt auf einem Hof.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=687.218,697.55"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=697.55,698.225"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Die haben so von verschiedenen Häusern aus diesem „Quartier“ [Herr Weinberg spricht das französisch aus]—aus diesem Viertel...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=698.225,704.532"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=704.532,705.105"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . die Juden angesammelt und wir wussten nicht genau wohin sie uns führen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=705.105,714.816"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Sie führen werden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=714.816,715.521"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . sie führen werden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=715.521,716.105"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun sagen Sie mal, Herr Weinberg, ich möchte natürlich alles hören, was Sie sagen. Aber Sie wollen mir bloß eine halbe ( ½ ) Stunde geben.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=716.105,724.72"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=724.72,725.184"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und darum möchte ich zu ein paar anderen Fragen kommen. Wie lange waren Sie im Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=725.184,733.75"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Im Ghetto war ich über fünf (5) Jahre, die ganze Zeit. Also ich wollte nur kurz sagen...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=733.75,739.082"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja, bitte sagen Sie mir alles...[unverständlich; beide sprechen]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=739.082,740.359"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . nachher...nachher, wie wir sind nach dem Ghetto gegangen, haben wir erfahren, dass am selben Tag—die selben SS Männer, dort wo sie in eine Wohnung nicht gleich rein gelassen wurden...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=740.359,753.733"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=753.733,754.076"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . da haben sie die Türen aufgebrochen...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=754.076,756.125"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=756.125,756.468"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: und wo Kranke liegen, liegten und die nicht mit gehen konnten...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=756.468,760.535"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=760.535,760.878"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . haben die die kranken Leute erschossen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=760.878,763.74"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Also wie hat das gekommen...[unverständlich; beide sprechen]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=763.74,764.324"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Also nachdem, nachdem...man erfahren hat...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=764.324,768.752"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=768.752,768.993"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . dass sie mit solchen Mitteln nach dem Ghetto treiben wollen, dann sind schon in den nächsten Tagen alle Juden selbst...selbst nach dem Ghetto gegangen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=768.993,780.379"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=780.379,780.783"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Also, das sollte dauern, sagen wir eine Woche und in zwei Tagen habe alle Juden selbst die Stadt verlassen, weil sie haben gesehen mit welchen schroffen Mitteln, hm, die Juden behandelt werden. Also wir wurden zu Fuß nach dem Ghetto gebracht—darunter waren viele junge Mädels, alte Frauen in Hausschuhe, manche sind auch barfuss gelaufen...auf dem Schnee. Unterwegs müssen Viele auch die Rucksäcke weg schmeißen, weil es war ihnen zu schwer die Last zu tragen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=780.783,827.147"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=827.147,828.352"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Nun sind wir nach dem Ghetto gekommen. Das Ghetto Lodz war vollständig isoliert von der Stadt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=828.352,841.008"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was war es denn?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=841.008,842.014"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Es war absolut keine Verbindung mit der Stadt. Es war umzingelt mit Draht...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=842.014,848.58"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aber es war in der Stadt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=848.58,849.996"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Es war an der Peripherie der Stadt. Man hat ausgewählt die Altstadt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=849.996,855.743"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=855.743,857.039"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das schlimmste Viertel der Stadt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=857.039,861.991"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ah hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=861.991,862.726"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das wurde den Juden zugeteilt. Und es wurde rings rum mit Stacheldraht umzingelt und mit Polizeiwache streng bewacht, damit niemand das Ghetto verlassen kann und damit überhaupt keine Verbindung mit der Stadt möglich ist. Also anfangs hieß es, dass...von uns lebten die Leute noch. Jeder hatte etwas Geld, was sie mitgenommen. Und Manche haben auch etwas Esswaren mitgenommen, etwas Lebensmittel und man konnte so die ersten paar Tage durchbringen. Später hat sich formiert eine sogenannte Ghetto-Verwaltung. Die Ghetto-Verwaltung war eigentlich eine Form von der...hm, Stadtverwaltung.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=862.726,945.001"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja. Was meinen sie mit eine...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=945.001,949.019"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Eine Abteilung...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=949.019,950.284"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=950.284,950.495"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . eine Abteilung war von der Stadtverwaltung.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=950.495,953.519"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=953.519,955.115"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: An der Spitze der Ghetto Verwaltung stand der bekannte Bieburg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=955.115,961.2"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Riebuck?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=961.2,962.206"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Bieburg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=962.206,963.441"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ein Jude?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=963.441,964.236"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Nein, das war ein Deutscher aus Bremen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=964.236,968.845"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=968.845,970.303"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ein Kaufmann.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=970.303,971.46"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie schreiben Sie seinen Namen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=971.46,972.587"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: B-...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=972.587,974.888"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=974.888,975.31"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . i-e-b-o-w.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=975.31,979.328"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Bieloff? Ja, nun? Er war ein Kaufmann aus Bremen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=979.328,986.353"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja. Und er hat übernommen die ganze Verwaltung. Nun hieß es, die Juden müssen im Ghetto arbeiten, sonst werden sie nicht leben können. Sie müssen auch ihre Existenz verdienen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=986.353,1001.847"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1001.847,1003.937"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Na, da wurden verschiedene „Departements“ [Herr Weinberg sagt es auf französisch] geschaffen, verschiedene Abteilungen, wo dann die Juden arbeiten mussten. Also sagen wir ein Kleider [unverständlich]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1003.937,1020.443"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1020.443,1022.311"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . wo man verschieden Kleidungsstücke ausführt...die Schneiderabteilungen. Dann waren eine Metallabteilung, einen elektrotechnische Abteilung, hm, Teppichabteilungen., Verschiedene. Die Leute, die nicht...die kein Fach besaßen mussten sich umschulen, um etwas zu tun. Natürlich wollten die Juden doch nicht für die deutsche Macht arbeiten. Sie haben nur etwas getan, um den Schein zu geben, als ob sie arbeiten. Sonst hätten wir überhaupt keine Lebensmittel von den Deutschen bekommen. Und schließlich war die jüdische Arbeit die Billigste—hat sich den Leuten, den Deutschen, gelohnt diese verschiedenen Resorts zu schaffen, obwohl die Arbeit nicht sehr intensiv war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1022.311,1091.609"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Obwohl die Arbeit nicht so intensiv war, ja?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1091.609,1093.717"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1093.717,1093.989"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1093.989,1094.814"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Und die war nicht intensiv, weil die...unsere Juden wollten direkt nicht arbeiten für die Deutschen. Es war also eine...eine stille Sabotage gegen die Deutschen. Hm. Die Ghetto Verwaltung hat eigentlich doch die besten...sehr gute Geschäfte gemacht, weil sie haben diese Sachen, die im Ghetto verarbeitet wurden, haben diese auf dem linken Markt verkauft, zum Beispiel:...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1094.814,1133.664"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Auf dem schwarzen Markt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1133.664,1134.971"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Auf dem schwarzen Markt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1134.971,1135.784"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wie haben Sie das genannt? Der Linke?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1135.784,1138.044"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Dem schwarzen Markt, ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1138.044,1139.954"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aber was war das andere Wort dafür?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1139.954,1141.653"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: „Linke“ Markt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1141.653,1142.84"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: War das ein Ausdruck dafür?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1142.84,1144.057"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja, Manche nennen es „links“.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1144.057,1146.177"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja, das ist in Ordnung, ich will das nur wissen. Nun...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1146.177,1149.551"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Auf dem schwarzen Markt haben sie es verkauft ohne Gewerbescheine, nicht wahr. Ohne Scheine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1149.551,1155.949"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1155.949,1156.473"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Zum Beispiel...unser...unsere, hm,...Holzabteilung.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1156.473,1165.901"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1165.901,1166.817"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Haben wir zum Beispiel ausgeschoben sehr viele Möbelstücke...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1166.817,1171.528"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1171.528,1172.444"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . und Kinderbettchen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1172.444,1174.704"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1174.704,1175.198"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das haben die ohne Scheine verkaufen können, deshalb hat es sich gelohnt, diese Werke zu führen, ja, ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1175.198,1183.39"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1183.39,1188.312"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Wir haben doch eigentlich...wir haben kein Geld bekommen, nur Lebensmittel und sehr wenig. Der beste Beweis dafür ist, Tausend von Menschen mussten hungern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1188.312,1204.605"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1204.605,1205.93"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Durch das Lodzer Ghetto gingen durch über zwei hundert tausend (200000) Menschen. Es waren hauptsächlich polnische Juden, es wurden auch aber im Lodzer Ghetto aus Deutschland, aus Österreich und aus der Tschechoslowakei Juden her gebracht—ungefähr fünfzehn tausend (15000) Juden.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1205.93,1240.306"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1240.306,1242.626"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Und gerade diese Leute, die konnten sich so schnell nicht an diese schweren Lebensbedingungen im Ghetto gewöhnen und da kann man sagen, dass neunzig (90) Prozent dieser Juden, die aus dem Westen kamen,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1242.626,1260.078"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Die vom Ausland kamen...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1260.078,1260.692"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . die aus dem Westen kamen, die waren, die mussten den Hungertod mit machen. Auch die polnischen Juden, speziell die Frauen und die älteren Leute, konnten auch nicht mitmachen die schweren Bedingungen und an Hunger und an verschiedenen epidemischen Krankheiten, wie Fleckfieber, Bauchtyphus und Andere sind Viele gestorben. Außer diesen normalen Standardfällen, wenn man das „normal“...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1260.692,1308.406"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nennen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1308.406,1309.382"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . nennen kann...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1309.382,1310.069"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1310.069,1312.581"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . hm, waren diese vielen Deportationen. Es hieß einfach, dass die Deutschen Leute brauchten zu verschiedenen Arbeiten. Und so viele Leute, die sich schlecht gefühlt haben im Ghetto, die dachten, außerhalb wird es besser sein. Sie gingen zur Arbeit, aber sie kamen nicht mehr zurück. Viele Deportationen wurden bei uns ausgeführt durch die Behörden und zwar durch die Gestapo in Verbindung mit dem Rassenamt. Die Dispositionen, wie uns bekannt wurde, sind aus Berlin gekommen. Und so hieß es—man muss jetzt zehn tausend (10000) Mann deportieren—immer hat es geheißen ‚zur Arbeit’. Aber die Leute sind nie mehr wieder gekommen. Eines schönen Tages haben sie die sogenannte Dienst-Sperre in unserem Ghetto eingeführt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1312.581,1393.726"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Dienst-Sperre?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1393.726,1394.389"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Dienst Sperre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1394.389,1395.293"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1395.293,1395.757"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . eingerichtet. Da kamen die SS Leute...Evakuierung...alle Leute mussten runter. Es wurde eine Selektion gemacht, wer evakuiert werden sollte und wer bleibt. Also Frauen und die Männer, die schlecht ausgesehen haben, die wurden auf Autos und Lastwagen geladen und nach Sammelstellen gebracht. Dort kam der sogenannten „Rollkommando“...Rollkommando.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1395.757,1439.29"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1439.29,1439.953"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das waren SS Leute auf schweren, großen Lastautos mit Anhänger. Dort wurden alle Juden...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1439.953,1449.031"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Anhänger heißt „trailer“, ein zweiter Wagen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1449.031,1451.471"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja, ein zweiter Wagen. Diese Leute wurden gepackt auf diese Autos und weg geschafft. Auch wurden die Spitäler von den Schwerkraken befreit. Die Kinder wurden aus den Spitälern und aus den Kinderheimen raus geschafft.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1451.471,1482.659"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1482.659,1483.394"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Manche wurden direkt auf die Autos geschmissen, nicht wahr und das alles so raus geführt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1483.394,1494.966"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Haben Sie das selbst gesehen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1494.966,1496.472"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das habe ich selbst gesehen, ja. Und interessant ist das, dass später die Kleidungsstücke von diesen armen Leuten, die weggebracht wurden, sind die selben alten Kleidungsstücke wieder nach...ins Ghetto zurück gekommen. Also als später...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1496.472,1521.085"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Zu welchem Zweck?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1521.085,1523.646"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Diese alten Kleidungsstücke sollten dienen...für diese Juden, die noch geblieben sind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1523.646,1530.194"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Zu welchem Zweck?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1530.194,1530.706"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Wir blieben doch im Ghetto über fünf (5) Jahre. Aus diesen alten Kleidungsstücken, aus diesen alten Schuhen, die zerrissen zurück kamen, weil die haben gesucht verschiedene, hm,...Wert...Wertgegenstände in den Kleidungsstücken, darum waren die Kleidungsstücke zerrissen, aufgeflickt. Auch die Schuhe wurden in unserem Ghetto...wurden die besseren Sachen hergerichtet und dann teilweise an die über gebliebene Bevölkerung im Ghetto verteilt und teilweise wurde auch das noch von den Deutschen raus geschafft für die Bombardierten, die bombardierte deutsche Bevölkerung.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1530.706,1588.483"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun, hm, und sie waren ganze fünf (5) Jahre in dem Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1588.483,1593.845"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Jawohl.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1593.845,1595.453"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Haben Sie sich an der Gemeinde beteiligt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1595.453,1599.068"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ich habe mich in der Gemeinde selbst wenig beteiligt, denn bei uns war so ein Ältester der Juden...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1599.068,1609.682"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was war der Name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1609.682,1610.225"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Er war sehr selbstständig...Rumkovski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1610.225,1613.611"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1613.611,1614.316"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Rumkovski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1614.316,1615.443"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja, ich habe den Namen schon von Anderen gehört.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1615.443,1617.323"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Jawohl. Er hat die Befehle bekommen, direkt von der Ghetto-Verwaltung und er hat selbst die Befehle ausgeführt, soweit es in seiner Macht war. Ich wollte mich direkt an diesen Sachen nicht beteiligen,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1617.323,1629.155"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Lebt er noch?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1629.155,1629.468"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . weil ich ein Gegner der ganzen Politik war und ich musste mich fern von dieser ganzen Sache halten. Hier...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1629.468,1635.733"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Lebt Rumkovski noch?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1635.733,1653.649"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Nein, Rumkovski lebt nicht mehr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1653.649,1656.21"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wer...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1656.21,1656.734"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Er wurde vernichtet von den Deutschen in Auschwitz. Die letzte Evakuierung war im Monat August neunzehn hundert vier und vierzig (1944). Also dann kam der Oberbürgermeister von der Stadt und auch der Amtsleiter von der Ghetto-Verwaltung. Sie haben Reden gehalten, sie haben gesagt, dass jetzt hat sich in Deutschland die ganze Politik geändert . Deutschland braucht Hunderte zur Arbeit, Deutschland wurde bombardiert, viele deutsche Städte wurden vernichtet. Diese Städte muss man wieder aufbauen und deshalb müssen auch die jüdischen Kräfte dazu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1656.734,1708.21"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Benützt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1708.21,1708.734"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . benützt werden. Dann war eine Kommission von Generälen, eine...eine Militärkommission und die haben beschlossen, dass Lodz befinde sich in der Nähe der Front...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1708.734,1728.855"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1728.855,1730.253"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . und man werde nicht in der Nähe der Front so viele Juden halten. Das ist nicht richtig. Sie wollen, sie wollen den Juden helfen...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1730.253,1743.699"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1743.699,1744.524"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . eigentlich, weil sie sollen nicht in der Nähe der Front bleiben und deshalb haben wir verabredet, wir sollen raus fahren und werden bessere Arbeit und gute Lebensbedingungen haben und das eigentlich, das haben die, hm, mit so einer...Hm, mit so einer...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1744.524,1777.738"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1777.738,1778.473"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Aufrichtigkeit? Sincerety!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1778.473,1779.6"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Aufrichtigkeit gesagt, dass die Leute dachten, die wollten die Leute überzeugen, dass sie bessere Arbeiten und bessere Bedingungen haben werden. Es hat sich aber raus gestellt, alle Juden evakuiert—nicht nach den bombardierten Städten, sondern alles ging nach Auschwitz, das ist das bekannte Vernichtungslager. Und dort in Auschwitz wurden die Leute wieder einer Selektion unterworfen und die Meisten mussten durch das Krematorium durch gehen und dort haben sie ihr Leben beendet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1779.6,1830.721"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Waren Sie in Auschwitz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1830.721,1832.36"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ich war nicht in Auschwitz. Ich wurde...ich bin geblieben zwischen acht hundert sechzig (860) Menschen, die im Lodzer Ghetto über bleiben mussten. Das war eine Kolonne von den Deutschen gemacht, die das Ghetto ausräumen sollten.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1832.36,1861.36"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1861.36,1862.336"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Aufräumen, das heißt diese Möbelstücke, die geblieben sind, diese noch alle Kleidungsstücke, Kissen und hm,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1862.336,1880.907"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Kissen und bedding...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1880.907,1886.316"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Ja, das ganze Bettzeug müssen wir zusammen legen und das alles wurde nach der Stadt geschafft von den Deutschen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1886.316,1890.063"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Nun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1890.063,1890.949"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Das dauerte paar Monate. Wir, als die letzten siebzig tausend (70000) Mann, die nach Auschwitz gebracht wurden, wurde doch das Ghettostadt verkleinert und wir diese überbleibt...überbliebenen acht hundert und sechzig (8670) Mann und Frauen, wir wurden in zwei (2) Fabrik...hm, Wohnstätten...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1890.949,1941.364"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Untergebracht?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1941.364,1942.131"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . lokalisiert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1942.131,1943.215"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1943.215,1944.237"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Die Männer in einem...in einem Fabrikgebäude...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1944.237,1947.009"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1947.009,1947.172"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . und die Frauen in dem Anderen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1947.172,1950.437"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Wo war Ihr Sohn?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1950.437,1951.039"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Mein Sohn war mit mir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1951.039,1954.383"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Hm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1954.383,1954.98"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . und meine Frau mit meiner Tochter waren...waren auf der anderen Seite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1954.98,1962.643"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Sind die jetzt alle noch hier?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1962.643,1963.92"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Also man hat...Jawohl. Man hat uns direkt in diesen zwei Gebäuden lokalisiert das war eigentlich so ein Lager und von diesem Moment hat man uns betrachtet, wie ein Lager, wie in Auschwitz oder Dachau oder Andere. Wir waren unterworfen allen, allen hm, hm, strengen, hm,...hm,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1963.92,1999.29"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Disziplin?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1999.29,2002.073"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . allen strengen, ja, hm,...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2002.073,2004.272"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Und Regeln?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2004.272,2005.639"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . und Regeln der, der Lager. Also jeden Morgen mussten wir uns auf dem Hof sammeln zum Appell...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2005.639,2020.399"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ja.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2020.399,2021.164"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: Da kamen die SS Leute, sie haben verteilt alle Leute für diese Arbeit. Dabei hat sich die ganze Sache bis neunzehnten (19.) September...bis Januar...bis zum neunzehnten (19.) Januar neunzehn hundert fünf und vierzig (1945), wo...an welchem Datum unsere Stadt von Russen und dann vom heranziehenden polnischen Militär befreit wurde. In den letzten Tagen, als wir sahen, dass sich die russische Offensive von Warschau herannaht, Sie müssen wissen, dass wir hatten auch ein verstecktes Radio im Lager. Da wussten wir ungefähr, wie sich die Sache verhält. Da haben wir...drei (3) Tage vor Befreiung der Stadt,...haben wir alle versteckt. Wir haben unser Lager verlassen und haben wir versteckt im Ghetto, was noch umzingelt wurde. Aus dem Ghetto konnten wir nicht raus, weil es war durch...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2021.164,2121.379"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Bewacht?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2121.379,2122.234"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . durch Polizeiwache besetzt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2122.234,2123.018"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Das war nicht das Lager Polizei?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2123.018,2124.355"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: No. Das Lager selbst hatte...hatte keine deutsche Polizei Wache—nur das ganze Ghetto. Wir sind nachts aus dem Lager raus und haben uns versteckt in verschiedenen Bunkern, in verschiedenen Kellern und auch in Dachböden der Häuser. Ich selber habe mich versteckt in einer Transformatoren Station. Das war ein Hochspannungsraum, wo ich meine Familie—insgesamt habe ich dreißig (30) Personen dort versteckt. Und aus diesem Grunde bin ich am Leben geblieben. Die Deutschen, wie wir später erfahren haben, sind auf unseren Hof gekommen und dort haben sie nur anstatt acht hundert sechzig (860) Mann, haben sie nur drei und zwanzig (23) Leute gefunden. Die haben einen großen Radau gemacht: „Wo sind die Anderen?“. Die Leute konnte darauf nicht antworten und sie haben gesagt: „Ja, die sind raus aus dem Lager.“ Da haben sie die drei und zwanzig (23) Mann verhaftet. Sie haben sie nicht erschossen, sondern verhaftet. Und sie haben beschlossen den Rest, über acht hundert Leute, die sich versteckt haben, haben sie beschlossen aus den Wohnungen raus zu ziehen und dann wollten sie eine gemeinsame...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2124.355,2229.343"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Exekution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2229.343,2229.855"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Weinberg: . . . Exekution ausüben, weil sie haben schon von vorne herein—durch Juden—neun (9) Sammelgräber auf dem Friedhof ausführen lassen, und davon wussten wir. Und dort wollten sie uns alle hinschaffen und dann in diesen Massengräbern wollten sie uns vernichten. Also am ersten Tage, nachdem sie die drei und zwanzig (23) Mann verhaftet haben, es waren zirka hundert zwanzig (120) SS Männer mit Gewehre—haben sie uns aufsuchen wollen. Am ersten Tage haben sie zirka siebzig (70) Leute doch aufgefunden...zirka siebzig (70) Mann. Sie haben sie noch nicht erschossen. Sie haben sie auch zusammen mit den ersten drei und zwanzig (23) Leuten...haben sie auch verhaftet. Und sie sind gekommen am nächsten Tag...am nächsten Tag wollten sie den Rest auffinden. Nun haben sie auch Hunde mitgebracht. Mit Hunden wollten sie die Leute finden. Am nächsten Tag haben sie wieder etwas Leute gefunden, alle wieder verhaftet. Es verging noch eine Nacht und dann mussten sie schleunigst die Stadt verlassen. Und so...die rest...die restlichen Leute, die im Ghetto verblieben,...die haben sich auf diese Weise gerettet. Und auch diese Leute, die verhaftet, die wurden später von uns befreit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2229.855,2373.232"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Ein Moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2373.232,2375.842"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] This ends Spool 49, a report by the engi—...[ends abruptly]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2375.842,2384.091"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["German [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/transcript/8103/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/103/original/julian-weinberg_de.vtt?1583170003","format":"text/vtt","language":"de"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/103/original/julian-weinberg_de.vtt?1583170003"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["annotations_weinbergJ [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=5.0,8.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=15.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/grandhotel\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/grandhotel\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=15.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=15.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=41.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=49.0,52.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=52.0,61.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=113.0,127.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=137.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Nancy\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Nancy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=137.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=196.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=197.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=225.0,230.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto\" \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=249.0,262.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[Footnote 1: His language difficulty may be due to two factors. (1) Long ghetto experience. (2) The strict adoption of the official Polish language after the liberation of Poland. —D.P.B.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=266.0,267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=267.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=274.0,332.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003efolk-german: \u003c/b\u003eThe Nazi term for ethnic Germans living outside of Germany. The Nazis made every effort to win the support of these German minorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=345.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=505.0,527.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=527.0,545.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=562.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=577.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=577.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=577.0,651.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=657.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=657.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=662.0,678.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=662.0,678.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[Footnote 2: The SS often had trouble with children, Jewish and Christian alike. The ‘transports’ often looked like enticing adventures and young boys, not yet assigned for deportation, would join them not to be separated from a parent or, as if intending to become mascots in the lagers, which were pictured, at times, to the deportees, as most attractive installations. —D.P.B.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=679.0,685.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=725.0,733.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=733.0,739.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=740.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=740.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=768.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=768.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=780.0,827.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=828.0,841.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=828.0,841.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=862.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=862.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=862.0,945.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=955.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bremen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bremen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=964.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bremen\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Bremen\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=981.0,986.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=986.0,1001.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1094.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1094.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1205.0,1240.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1205.0,1240.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1242.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1312.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1312.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGestapo: \u003c/b\u003eContraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: \"Secret State Police.\" The German internal security police (secret police) under the Nazis, headed by SS chief Heinrich Himmler. Organized in 1933 to protect the regime from political opposition. Often used by Holocaust victims generically to refer to any German police or military unit.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1312.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Berlin\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Berlin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1312.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1312.0,1393.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1395.0,1439.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1439.0,1449.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1496.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1530.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1530.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1530.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1588.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[Footnote 3: This name appears in several interviews, always in an unfavorable light. His role appears especially precarious in the deportation and alleged subsequent annihilation of several thousand Jewish children from the Lodz Ghetto. —D.P.B.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1610.0,1613.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1617.0,1629.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1656.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1656.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1708.0,1728.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1784.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1784.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1830.0,1832.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1832.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1832.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1832.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1890.0,1941.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1890.0,1941.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1965.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1965.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1965.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"p\u0026gt;For more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Dachau\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Dachau\u003c/a\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=1965.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2005.0,2020.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eappell: \u003c/b\u003eThe appell was a camp roll call. Its purpose was not merely to count the prisoners but also to weaken, humiliate and intimidate them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2005.0,2020.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2021.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2021.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2021.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2021.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2021.0,2121.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2123.0,2124.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2124.0,2229.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2124.0,2229.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2124.0,2229.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2124.0,2229.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[Footnote 4: The preposition in should stand although it is not sure whether it is correct in this particular case. During the occupation of Siberia by the Czechs it was reported that in one case (Omsk) they made the condemned men—about fifteen persons—first step into a shallow grave, fired a few random salvos, and then shoveled the earth over them without individual examination of the bodies for signs of life or coup de grace. —D.P.B.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2229.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSS: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the German Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), a major Nazi organization. It grew from a small paramilitary unit to a powerful force that served as Hitler's \"Praetorian Guard,\" the Nazi Party's \"Shield Squadron\" and a force that, fielding almost a million men (both on the front lines and as political police), managed to exert as much political influence as the German Army. Built upon the Nazi racial ideology, the SS, under Heinrich Himmler's command, was responsible for many (and most of the worst) of the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Nazis during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2229.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2229.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148/annotation_set/812/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[Note: As it so often happened, the spool was used for the interview practically to the last inch. The additional silent wire on the reproduction is an additional stretch not available on the original.  - D.P.B.]\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17693/file/73148#t=2375.0,2384.09938"}]}]}]}