{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/8s4jm23p5s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["David P. Boder Interviews Malfis Marson, July 30, 1946, Paris, France"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1946-07-30"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[" French (Primary)"," German (Secondary)"," Russian (Tertiary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Wire recording"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":[" marsonM_9-6B (Local)"," marsonM_9-6B_SLP.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":[" Paris (France) (Place of recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":[" Interview with Malfis Marson, conducted by David P. Boder on July 30, 1946 at an ORT school in Paris, France.   (Abstract)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":[" World War, 1939-1945--Refugees (Topical)"," Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives (Topical)"," World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Jewish (Topical)"," Paris (France) (Geographic)"," Périgueux (France) (Geogrpahic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":[" Marson, Malfis (Interviewee)"," Boder, David P. (David Pablo), 1886-1961 (Interviewer)"," Peters, S. (Transcriber)"," Gaensicke, P. (Transcriber)"," Leclerc, A. (Transcriber)"," Peters, S. (Translator)"," Gaensicke, P. (Translator)"," Leclerc, A. (Translator)"," English, Eben (Editor)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["oral history"," interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Inerviewee Nationality"]},"value":{"en":["France"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee Gender"]},"value":{"en":["Male"]}}],"summary":{"en":[" Interview with Malfis Marson, conducted by David P. Boder on July 30, 1946 at an ORT school in Paris, France.  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I did the Occupa—...I spent...some part of the war in the Unofficial Forces. Then, by accident, I was moved to the centre of France; until the day the large German offensive was launched, when I ended up in a hospital in the Limousin region, in Périgueux to be more specific. Then, I spent some time recovering. And by the month of...by early June, then I returned to my station in the Mayenne county. As the German army progressed, I was moved away from this station, with the other men from the station of course, and we headed towards Brittany, where we were arrested on June 18th, to be precise. Later, I escaped in September 1940. To reach the free zone, since I was...first a prisoner of war and second a Jew, I could not stay in Paris during the Occupation. I am...should I go on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=33.0,98.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=98.0,99.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e Once I had reached the free zone after a number of incidents, I tried, right, to find something to do. I resumed my former job...my former occupation. I was a cutter, before the war, and I worked...in Périgueux. I stayed there until 1943. I can tell you that, in the meantime, I had gotten in contact with the Resistance organizations, in 1942, the southern zone Francs-tireurs organization, where I would take part in a lot of propaganda and dissemination actions. By early 1943, I was contacted by the Combat movement, and this is when I started to run the local county liaisons. As the Gestapo had eventually...tracked us down, in May 1943...I managed to narrowly get away from them and took refuge in the Maquis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=99.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] What I want to know...how did the Resistance movement form itself? Was that the old French radical party...How did the Resistance movement come about? How did it organize?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=155.0,172.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] How did the entire [unintelligible]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=172.0,175.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eInterpreter:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] Which political movements contributed to the creation of this [inaudible]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=175.0,184.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] Yes, how was the French Resistance movement formed? Who were the original parties? Yes, yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=184.0,194.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] In my opinion, the Resistance movement, from my own experience, was mainly formed by highly developed trade unions and political movements. By political movements, which were acutely, remarkably anti-Naz—...anti...anti-fascist. Which were...others were nationalist movements, but they were anti-German because they had suffered from the Occupation and known the Germans during the 1914-1918 war. And with people whose interest was...directed towards...the idea of freedom only. As far as I am concerned, I was first contacted by men, who had been looked down upon, in their opinions, in their origins, who had...suffered, as a result of a number of humiliations. And who, as a consequence, believed that the primary duty, of every Frenchmen since we were in France, I would say of every man, was to fight against the invader. But I can tell you one thing, that...those who contacted us were honest men, men who believed that the Resistance movement could first, help set us free from the Occupation, and second, help us become better men and, above all, free men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=194.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Now, how was it...What elements of the population...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=287.0,295.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] I don’t understand...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=295.0,296.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] What elements of the population started to collaborate, and who collaborated closest with the Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=296.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] As I see it, the first collaborationists were failures. Men who then thought that their time had come, very jealous men, men who did not have a great future ahead of them, imagining that their brutal feelings, not their feelings but their appetite, their instincts, would get satisfied and that they would, just like Hitler, manage to rule, I would not say the world, but France and maybe Europe with the help of Hitler. Later, other people got disheartened by the lack of...I would not say resistance but, well...we realized that the allied countries were not prepared enough at that time, and some got disheartened, they really thought that Germany would end up ruling the world, and they devoted themselves, out of weakness and cowardice, to this...they agreed to collaborate in this way. And there were others who, out of self-interest, strictly speaking, out of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=310.0,379.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Uh...and...uh...mister...uh...sir [unintelligible]...uh...could you ask him about...uh...what...was the opinion of the military about this station?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=379.0,399.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eInterpreter:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] What was the opinion of the military circles, and how did they contribute to the resistance movements?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=399.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e They, so to speak, did not contribute at all in the beginning, because servicemen were, in my opinion, right, servicemen were obedient, except for a few rare French career officers who followed de Gaulle, I would not say from the beginning, but in the months following his June 18th 1940 speech, they were all subservient to the Vichy regime because a serviceman, in essence, is an obedient being who is compelled...who obeys his superior, and to them Marshal Pétain was the supreme leader of the French forces. Later, they...grew up...some of them did understand quite well, since the first founders of the resistance movements, especially the fighting movements, were career officers who had escaped and started an action...who took...who did...who...who performed rather strong action. in France. But, until...the landings in Algeria, it can be said that French career officers had not done anything within the resistance movements. And that the resistance movements were set up only by civilians, by political party members and mostly by the French trade unions and workers’ organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=415.0,491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Uh...could you ask him whether...he knows about the intellectuals such as university professors and...uh...just professionals in general such as lawyers, doctors...and...uh...these...uh...judges, etc.?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=491.0,512.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eInterpreter:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] What was the relationship between the resistance movements, and what kind of resistance action was taken by French intellectuals, such as simple university teachers, lawyers, physicians, well, all the representatives from liberal professions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=512.0,538.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e Well...young French students...at the beginning of the Occupation, reacted very strongly. There were some demonstrations on November 11th, 1940, to be more specific, during which there were quite a number of fights between the French occupying forces...and the...the Latin Quarter, I think, do you remember this? On Boulevard, er...on Boulevard Saint-Michel. We can say that, later, a large number of French students were among the leaders and among the most active men in the French Resistance movement. In regards to intellectuals, I believe they were divided between both sides, and at the beginning, many of them collaborated, regrettably...Oh, some teachers...some teachers, and this can be said to their credit, were part of the most active men in the Collab...in the...in the Resistance movement. And others, very few of them, collaborated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=538.0,605.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Uh...[unintelligible]...and farmers...uh...the agricultural population, what was their opinion of this station?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=605.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eInterpreter:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] What stand did the rural population take...[inaudible]...on the Resistance movement?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=619.0,626.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e On the Resistance movement? The rural stance, with regard to the Resistance movement, generally remained rather good. One thing should be said here, that French peasants are of an individualistic and selfish nature, they are only interested in their own profit; however, I believe that they are mostly patriots, and that what they did not like was to be compelled to do things, right. But, in the end, I think that...despite the plan developed by Pétain and the Vichy regime in their favor, they helped as much as they could the men from the Resistance movement asking for their support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=626.0,683.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] How does he think will the situation now clear up in France, and how will life become organized, and what he expects...when will France be back to normal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=683.0,697.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In Russian] Does he expect, does he think now that this situation will ever be normal again and when will it get normal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=697.0,709.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eInterpreter:\u003c/strong\u003e [In French] What is your opinion about the current situation? When do you think the current situation will be back to normal, and how?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=709.0,724.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eMalfis Marson:\u003c/strong\u003e In the aftermath of the war, of course, there is a lot of...of disorganization, in the trade and production resources in France. I think that, in my opinion, until a complete agreement is reached between...the workers on one side and the employers on the other side, by means of trade productions, and in order to mitigate the black market and...to stabilize, right, the distribution of all staples and goods that are essential...to...to live, we will see no return...we shall not return, right, to the days we knew in 1938 and 1939. As far as I am concerned, I think we need to build up a fruitful collaboration, I would not say not only with the United States, but mainly with Europe as it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=724.0,785.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much Mr. Marson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=785.0,792.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/66753/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] This finishes the brief interview with Monsieur Malfis Marson of the French Resistance Movement taken at the Schools of ORT on July 30, 1946. Eh...how old is he? [Ends abruptly].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=792.0,826.31325"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["French, German, and Russian transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] This begins a short interview with Monsieur Malfis Marson, a French Jewish citizen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=0.513,11.68"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Monsieur Marson, äh, wo sind Sie geboren?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=11.68,15.815"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: [In French] Je suis né à Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=15.815,19.316"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Äh, wollen Sie mir bitte erzählen für unsere amerikanische Freunde, äh, wie was Sie getan haben during the den Krieg und die deutsche Okkupation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=19.316,33.651"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: [In French] Durant la guerre, j’ai été comme tout Français mobilisé. J’ai fait l’Occupa...j’ai fait...une partie de la guerre dans les Corps Francs. Ensuite sur accident, j’ai été évacué dans le centre de la France. Jusqu’au moment où, la grande offensive allemande s’est déclenchée, qui m’a trouvé dans un hôpital de la région limousine, à Périgueux exactement. Je suis parti ensuite en convalescence. Et au mois de...au début de juin, et j’ai rejoint mon dépôt dans la Mayenne. Par la suite de l’avance des armées allemandes, j’ai été évacué de ce dépôt, avec le reste du dépôt naturellement, et nous nous sommes dirigés vers la Bretagne, où nous avons été faits prisonniers le 18 juin exactement. Par la suite, je me suis évadé en septembre 40. Pour rejoindre la zone libre, parce qu’étant...premièrement prisonnier de guerre et deuxièmement juif, je ne pouvais pas rester à Paris sous l’Occupation. Je suis...est-ce que je continue ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=33.651,98.583"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Continuez.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=98.583,99.549"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: Arrivé en zone libre après quelques péripéties, je me suis inquiété n’est-ce pas, de pouvoir trouver une occupation, j’ai repris mon ancien trav...mon ancien métier. Qui était tailleur avant la guerre, et j’ai travaillé...à Périgueux. J’y suis resté jusqu’en ’43. Je peux vous dire qu’entre temps, j’avais pris contact avec les organisations de Résistance, en ’42, l’organisation Francs Tireurs zone sud, où je faisais pas mal de propagande-diffusion. Au début ’43, j’ai été contacté par le mouvement Combat, et j’ai pris à ce moment l’organisation départementale des liaisons. La gestapo ayant réussi à nous...dépister, en mai ’43...j’ai réussi de justesse à leur échapper, et je me suis réfugié dans le maquis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=99.549,155.006"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] What I want to know...how did the Resistance movement form itself? Was that the old French radical party...How did the Resistance movement come about? How did it organize?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=155.006,172.597"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Wie hat sich die ganze [unverständlich]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=172.597,175.977"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interpreter: [In French] Quels mouvements politiques ont participé à la création de ce [inaudible] ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=175.977,184.398"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Ja, wie hat sich die Resistenz gebildet? Wer, waren es die alten Partien? Ja, ja...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=184.398,194.509"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: [In French] La Résistance de mon point de vue, d’après l’expérience que j’ai vécue par moi-même, a été surtout formée par des mouvements syndicaux et politiques avancés. Par des mouvements politiques, qui étaient excessivement, exceptionnellement antinaz...anti...antifascistes. Qui étaient...il y en avait d’autres qui étaient nationalistes, mais qui étaient antigermaniques parce qu’ils avaient subi l’occupation, et connu les Allemands en 14-18. Et par des gens qui avaient l’esprit...porté à...la liberté tout court. Pour ma part, j’ai premièrement été contacté par des hommes, qui avaient été brimés dans leurs opinions, dans leurs origines, qui avaient...eu à pâtir de certaines vexations. Et qui, de ce fait, estimaient que le premier des devoirs, pour tout Français puisque nous étions en France, je dirais pour tout homme, était de lutter contre l’envahisseur. Mais je peux dire une chose, c’est que...ceux qui nous contactaient étaient des hommes sincères, des hommes qui ont cru que la Résistance pouvait être utile pour que nous puissions être libérés premièrement de l’Occupation, et deuxièmement arriver à devenir de meilleurs hommes et des hommes libres surtout.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=194.509,287.046"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] Now, how was it...What elements of the population...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=287.046,295.346"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: [In French] Je ne comprends pas...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=295.346,296.825"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In German] Was für Elemente der Bevölkerung haben angefangen zu kollaborieren, haben meistens kollaboriert mit die den Deutschen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=296.825,310.87"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: [In French] Les premiers collaborateurs à mon sens, étaient des ratés. Des hommes qui ont cru à ce moment que leur heure était arrivée, de grands jaloux, des hommes qui n’avaient eu aucun avenir devant eux, et qui se figuraient que la bestialité de leurs sentiments, non pas de leurs sentiments mais de leur appétit, de leurs instincts allait se trouver assouvie et qu’ils allaient arriver, comme Hitler, à dominer, je ne dirais pas le monde, mais la France et peut-être l’Europe avec l’aide d’Hitler. Par la suite, d’autres gens ont été découragés par le manque de...je ne dirais pas de la résistance mais enfin...nous nous sommes aperçus que les pays alliés n’étaient pas suffisamment préparés à ce moment, et il y en a qui ont été découragés, qui ont cru que vraiment l’Allemagne allait dominer le monde, et ils se sont, par faiblesse et par lâcheté, donnés dans ce...accepté cette collaboration. Et il y en a eu d’autres, par intérêt, à proprement parler, par...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=310.87,379.032"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Эээ...энд...эээ...мистер...эээ...господин [unintelligible]...эээ...спросите его вот что: эээ...в этой...как относились к этой станции военные?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=379.032,399.768"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interpreter: [In French] Quelle était l’opinion des cercles militaires, et quelle était leur participation dans les mouvements de résistance ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=399.768,415.07"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: Elle a été pour ainsi dire nulle au début. Parce que les militaires étaient, à mon point de vue n’est-ce pas, les militaires étaient disciplinés, à part quelques rares militaires français de carrière qui ont suivi de Gaulle, je ne dirai pas au début mais dans les mois qui suivirent sa déclaration du 18 juin ’40, ils étaient tous inféodés à Vichy parce que, le militaire par essence même, est un être discipliné qui est obligé...qui obéit à son supérieur, et pour eux le maréchal Pétain était le chef suprême de la force française. Par la suite, ils se sont...grandis, ils ont...il y en a certains qui ont pas mal saisi puisque les premiers fondateurs des mouvements de résistance et en particulier de combat ont été des officiers de carrière évadés qui ont pris une action...qui ont pris...qui ont fait...qui ont...qui ont accompli une action assez forte en France. Mais jusqu’à...le débarquement en Algérie, on peut dire que les militaires français de carrière n’ont absolument rien fait dans les mouvements de résistance. Et que les mouvements de résistance ont été uniquement montés par des membres civils, par des membres des partis politiques et surtout les organisations syndicales et ouvrières françaises.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=415.07,491.617"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Эээ...спросите его вот что: если он знает, как была интеллигенция, например университетские профессора и...эээ...вообще профессиональные люди, как адвокаты, врачи...и...эээ...эти...эээ...судьи и так далее?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=491.617,512.8"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interpreter: [In French] Quel était le rapport entre les mouvements de résistance et quelle était l’action de résistance des intellectuels français, tels que les simples universitaires, les avocats, les médecins, enfin tous les représentants des professions libérales ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=512.8,538.268"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: Euh...la jeunesse étudiante française...au début de l’Occupation a réagi vigoureusement. On a eu quelques manifestations le 11 novembre ’40, pour préciser, où il y a eu pas mal de bagarres entre les forces occupantes françaises...et les...le quartier latin, je crois, tu t’en rappelles de ça ? Sur le boulevard euh...sur le boulevard Saint-Michel. Par la suite on peut dire que, une grosse partie des étudiants français ont été parmi les éléments dirigeants et parmi les éléments les plus actifs de la Résistance française. Quant aux intellectuels arrivés, il y en a eu je crois des deux côtés, et au début une grosse partie a collaboré, malheureusement...Ah, certains professeurs...certains professeurs, et on peut dire ça à leur honneur, ont été parmi les éléments les plus actifs de la Collab...de la...de la Résistance. Il y en a eu d’autres, très peu, qui ont collaboré.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=538.268,605.694"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Эээ...[unintelligible]...и как фармеры...эээ...агрикультурное население, как оно относилось к этой станции?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=605.694,619.547"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interpreter: [In French] Quelle était la position de la population paysanne...[inaudible]...envers la Résistance ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=619.547,626.881"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: Envers la résistance ? La position paysanne envers la Résistance était encore assez bonne dans son ensemble. Il faut dire une chose, c’est que le tempérament du paysan français est un tempérament uniquement individualiste, et égoïste, il ne voit que son intérêt. Mais je crois qu’il est surtout patriote, et ce qu’il n’aimait pas, c’était certaines impositions forcées qu’on lui imposait, n’est-ce pas. Mais dans le fond, je crois que...malgré le programme que Pétain et Vichy avaient élaboré en sa faveur, il a aidé avec le maximum de chance, les éléments de la Résistance qui se sont adressés à lui.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=626.881,683.202"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] How does he think will the situation now clear up in France and how will life become organized and what he expects when will France be back to normal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=683.202,697.294"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In Russian] Как он ожидает, как он думает теперь: все это положение придет к нормальному и как скоро это будет нормально?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=697.294,709.035"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interpreter: [In French] Qu’est-ce que tu penses de la situation actuelle ? Quand penses-tu que la situation actuelle va redevenir normale et par quels moyens ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=709.035,724.499"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malfis Marson: A la suite de la guerre, naturellement, il y a pas mal de...de désorganisation, dans les moyens d’échange et de production en France. Je crois que, de mon point de vue, tant qu’il n’y aura pas d’accord complet entre...les ouvriers d’une part, les patrons de l’autre, au moyen des productions d’échange, et pour essayer de limiter le marché noir et...de régulariser n’est-ce pas, la distribution de tous les produits essentiels et nécessaires...à la...à la vie, on ne pourra pas voir un retour...on ne pourra pas revenir, n’est-ce pas, à la période que nous avons vécue en 38 et en 39. Pour ma part, je crois qu’il faut qu’il y ait une collaboration féconde, je ne dirais pas non seulement avec les Etats-Unis mais surtout l’Europe elle-même.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=724.499,785.417"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: Merci beaucoup Monsieur Marson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=785.417,792.788"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] This finishes a brief interview with Monsieur Malfis Marson of the French Resistance Movement taken at the Schools of ORT on July 30, 1946. Eh...how old is he? [Ends abruptly].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=792.788,826.305"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["French [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/transcript/8025/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/025/original/malfis-marson_ru.vtt?1583169774","format":"text/vtt","language":"fr"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/008/025/original/malfis-marson_ru.vtt?1583169774"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Marson_annotations_en [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=15.0,19.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perigueux\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perigueux\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=33.0,98.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=33.0,98.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perigueux\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Perigueux\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=99.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGestapo: \u003c/b\u003eContraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: \"Secret State Police.\" The German internal security police (secret police) under the Nazis, headed by SS chief Heinrich Himmler. Organized in 1933 to protect the regime from political opposition. Often used by Holocaust victims generically to refer to any German police or military unit.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=99.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaquis: \u003c/b\u003eThe predominantly rural guerrilla bands of the French Resistance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=99.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102/annotation_set/1315/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVichy Government: \u003c/b\u003eThe right-wing government of unoccupied France after the country's defeat by the Germans in June 1940, named after the spa town of Vichy, France, where the national assembly was based under Prime Minister Pétain until liberation in 1944. Vichy France was that part of France not occupied by German troops until November 1942. Authoritarian and collaborationist, the Vichy regime cooperated with the Germans even after they had moved to the unoccupied zone in November 1942. It imprisoned some 135,000 people, interned another 70,000, deported some 76,000 Jews, and sent 650,000 French workers to Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17647/file/73102#t=415.0,491.0"}]}]}]}