{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7m03x83w6z/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["David P. Boder Interviews Rachel Gurmanova, August 17, 1946, Paris, France"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/039/original/IIT_Logo_stack_186_blk.png?1583422043","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1946-08-17"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":[" Yiddish (Primary)"," German (Secondary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Wire recording"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":[" gurmanovaR_9-51_9-52_9-53 (Local)"," gurmanovaR_9-51_9-52_9-53_SLP.mp3 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":[" Paris (France) (Place of recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":[" Interview with Rachel Gurmanova conducted by David P. Boder on August 17, 1946 in Paris, France.   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[noise]. This is Spool 50, number 50, taken in Paris on August 17, 1946; and the interviewee is Mrs. Rachel Gurmanova from Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=14.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] And so, Mrs. Gurmanova, will you please tell us what is your full name and where are you from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=39.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Gurmanova.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=48.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=50.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Gurmanova, Rachel, from Warsaw [she made an attempt to speak German] and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=51.0,57.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Speak Yiddish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=57.0,59.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e May I?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=59.0,63.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And what are you doing now in Paris?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=63.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I have come to now to the world conference of the Union ORT in Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=68.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha. And how long do you intend to remain here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=71.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I shall remain for about two weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=71.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh. Now Mrs. Gurmanova, will you please tell me where you were when the Germans arrived in Poland?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=74.0,85.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=85.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Please speak louder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=87.0,88.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I was in Warsaw where I had resided permanently, there I was found by the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=88.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your occupation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=94.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I was the secretary of the central committee of the ORT in Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=97.0,101.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Before the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=101.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. From the year 1921.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=103.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e From the year 1921.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=104.0,106.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Twenty-one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=106.0,107.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e I have visited Yashunski in Poland...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=107.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=110.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In thirty-six, but...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=110.0,112.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In all probability I was there. You must have seen me there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=112.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=114.0,115.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e For sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=115.0,116.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened to Yashunski?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=116.0,118.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yashunski was taken from Warsaw with his wife and whole family on the 18th of January, 1943.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=118.0,127.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and what happened to him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=127.0,129.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, he was taken to Treblinka, where all Jews were taken and there he found his end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=129.0,134.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=134.0,135.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In the gas-chamber.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=135.0,136.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you were in Warsaw when the Germans came in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=136.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=141.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, tell us what happened to you and what were the main things that happened to your friends, what you have yourself seen and experienced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=141.0,152.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. First I have to tell about my work in the ORT. All my time I spent in the ORT and in its midst I spent the whole time of the occupation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=152.0,162.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=162.0,164.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the war broke out, as it is known, the first of September. A terrible bombing towards Warsaw started and the people hid in the basements. The spent there 26 terrible days. Very many houses were damaged. Very many people were killed. September 26th, it finally was known that the city was surrendered to the Germans. And then the Germans marched into Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=164.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Wasn’t the city defended for a few days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=196.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e It was defended.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=199.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=200.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e It is known. Therefore the battle lasted for 26 days. But the Germans were superior in the number of airplanes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=200.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=209.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they destroyed the city and they threatened in the last days that if the city will not be surrendered, they will kill everybody. And therefore they were compelled...There was Kazinski, the mayor of the city. He remained at his post up to the last moment. And incessantly spoke over the radio. He pleaded that the city of Warsaw be defended unto death. But it did not help. He surrendered, then was caught and shot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=209.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was he, Kazinski?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=240.0,242.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Kazinski, the mayor of the city of Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=242.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e He was a Pole?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=244.0,245.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A Pole, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=245.0,247.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And was there not a Rabbi with him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=247.0,252.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [with surprise] Which Rabbi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=252.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=255.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=255.0,255.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=255.0,256.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In the city of Warsaw, the mayor of the city of Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=256.0,259.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=259.0,260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And on the 26th, the Germans marched in, the German army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=260.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And so....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=264.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: And the first days they appeared to be very amiable. They brought wagons with bread, and distributed to the population. They made no distinction between Jews and Christians. And they distributed soup which they passed around in field kitchens. That lasted about two, three days. Then they began to make two different lines: for Christians and for Jews. And it would just so happen there was enough for the Christians and for the Jews [there was] not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=266.0,291.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=291.0,292.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Two days later they already started beating up the Jews who would still come asking for bread. And...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=292.0,298.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was beating them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=298.0,299.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The Germans...the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=299.0,301.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=301.0,302.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And then the Germans started raiding the homes, proceeding with inspections. They started taking small things, larger things, anything they liked. When they were through with the homes they started with the stores. And they took things. They paid — for a fur coat they would lay down fifty marks. They wouldn’t take for ‘nothing’ — like fine people they would pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=302.0,322.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=322.0,323.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they started dragging the Jews to work. There were various places. There were [places] where the Jews would work through a day, they would get a bit of soup, would get a gread and off they went for home. But there were places like, for instance, the parliament. The parliament, the congress...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=323.0,340.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=340.0,341.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That was a terrible place. There happened to be such people, the Germans. There they were murderously beaten. One either got killed or they would last there for four weeks and died afterwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=341.0,353.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Now what does that mean? [??]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=353.0,354.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Just like that. They would come to work. At all work the Jews were beaten. That was just in the program. The parliament was one such terrible place. The other horrible place was the Domassa [??] [name not clear] a kind of park.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=354.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=368.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Domassa [??] it was called, on Leszno Street, there too, it was bad. And there were various harassments. There were all kinds of incidents. On the streets one had to take off his hat, and greet [them]. There was no objection against it, but there were individual Germans who would beat Jews for not having taken off their hats. Some Germans demanded that the Jews should not walk on the sidewalks, they should step aside, they should walk in the middle of the street. If a Jew did not step aside he would be forced on his knees, they loaded bricks on him [??] and so he had to stand as long as it was their pleasure. Again they were beating [people]. They would catch intelligent people on the street for various labors. They especially looked for the intelligent, for the better dressed. They were, would tear off on the street cold weather clothing, fur coats. They started a terrible persecution of Jews, a most violent. Then they started abusing [??] they took away the better apartments from the Jews, the nicer ones. Subsequently they took them also from the Poles. But mostly from the Jews. The Jews were thrown out first from better apartments. They took away the furniture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=368.0,431.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=431.0,432.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They took away the furniture. And afterwards they began to demand the Jews for labor, in the lagers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=432.0,445.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of lagers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=445.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They constructed several. They did not say that these were lagers. First of all they put up a demand that there be formed a Jewish, a Jewish council. They should have with whom to deal [??] They do not want to talk to all the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=446.0,456.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A Jewish committee?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=456.0,458.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Committee. It was called Jewish council.....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=458.0,459.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=459.0,460.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They wanted a board [??] composed [??] of influential [??] through whom they could dispatch all required business. And so there was formed a Jewish council, and through the Jewish council they started putting up their demands. They said the Germans need Jews for work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=460.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Send who was in the Jewish council?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=474.0,476.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it was headed by the engineer, Czerniakov, who afterwards poisoned himself. You know, of course, about this episode.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=476.0,483.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=483.0,483.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=483.0,484.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=484.0,485.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu. So I must tell you about this engineer, Czerniakov, He was the head of the Jewish council, and afterwards when they started sending away the Jews, and when it became known that they were sent away and they were killed in the gas chambers, he took his life, he poisoned himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=485.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [verification] He poisoned himself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=499.0,501.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e He poisoned — yes, he poisoned himself. And the Germans started demanding that they be given...they need manpower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=501.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=509.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So people were taken as manpower, young people were taken, they were sent out but it revealed itself that they were gathered up simply to be killed by torment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=510.0,518.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e For instance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=518.0,519.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They were ordered to drain swamps, and they stood in water above their knees, until they [the people] became swollen; they were not given food; they were not given where to sleep. Even if some [??] returned from the lagers, their condition does not yield to description. This is horrible. It is impossible to imagine how these people looked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=519.0,541.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you see them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=541.0,542.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I have seen them, very many of the. I shall...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=542.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e They took men and women?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=546.0,548.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, only men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=548.0,549.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So. Go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=549.0,550.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I shall turn afterwards to the work of the ORT, because ORT manufactured in its shops various kinds of clothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=550.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [verifying] Clothing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=557.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=558.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Wearing apparel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=558.0,558.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And [a few words not clear, sounds like ‘it was customary’] when those from the lagers would return, they first of all would come to the ORT to be clothed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=558.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=565.0,566.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So I had the opportunity to see them, and to talk with them extensively. They were coming like people half dead. It was difficult to recognize them, beaten [nearly] murdered, swollen. In a horrible condition, mostly they have all died out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=566.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=581.0,583.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: Subsequently there was a general order to register all men. Everybody was compelled to go to work. And in general everybody had to procure a work certificate. If one had no work certificate, he would not get a bread card and he would be sent out to some kind of work camp. Then they started organizing big shops. [She uses the word like in English: shop. But at least in Germany and Poland it is derived from the word ‘schuppen.’]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=583.0,605.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What does it mean, shops? Manufactories? [The interviewer gives a German synonym for shop.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=605.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Shops are manufactories where the manufacturing of various supplies for the military took place. For the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=606.0,612.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=612.0,613.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Old things were fixed, new thing were produced. There were shoe shops, cap shops. Then it revealed itself that all those who worked in the shops will live through the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=613.0,627.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=627.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The Germans made no secret about. These were the facts. There were three large shops. At Steubens [??]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=628.0,635.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=635.0,635.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...worked twelve thousand Jews. At Schatz worked eight and a half thousand Jews, and at [word not clear] shops where six thousand Jews were working. Of course, the Jews endeavored to live in peace with the Germans. There were Germans who accepted money, so they would not beat them. They left the families to live together. If a man worked the wife could stay; with the children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=635.0,661.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e To stay where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=661.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Later they said that they don’t want children. So the children were somehow hidden away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=662.0,667.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e To live where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=667.0,669.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e With the workers. Each shop had its own district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=669.0,673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=673.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And there were billeted all its workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=674.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=676.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A [square] block.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=676.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=677.0,677.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In this block by rule the families were not permitted to live there. But if they were paid, they let them alone. The children were hidden away. They knew possibly that the children were hidden, but they kept silent. Now they search the streets [two words not clear] only for those who are not working. Those who had cards indicating that they worked somewhere where not molested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=677.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And what did they do with those out of work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=701.0,703.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They were sent away. At that time, it was not yet known where. It was said that barracks are being built on the way to Lublin and probably all will be sent to those barracks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=703.0,715.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=715.0,716.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Afterwards, it revealed itself that there was being built the famous Treblinka, where they had the gas-chambers, and there all the Jews were sent, and there they were killed. But for the time being [??] it was not known. People deceived themselves. For example, when Treblinka was ready, that lager, that lager of death, so to speak...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=716.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=737.0,738.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The Germans started seizing young people. Especially healthy, beautiful young people and they placed them — there was in Warsaw on Clanski Street the Tishman Home [??] a sanitarium, and they were held there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=738.0,752.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of institution?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=752.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A sanitarium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=753.0,754.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A sanitarium, a hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=754.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, a hospital [clinic]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=755.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=757.0,758.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they were held there overnight. There was a curfew until which one could go out. That night they permitted to go out all night. And if somebody wants to bring bundles to those men who are departing for work in Smolensk — that is what they said...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=758.0,774.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=774.0,775.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ‘Please, by all means.’ They were so treacherous that they even wanted to cheat out from the families money and bundles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=775.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=780.0,781.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Subsequently it revealed itself that this was the first test for Treblinka. To ascertain how the gas chambers work. For that they caught a thousand beautiful, young, healthy people; Jewish. But about that we learned only afterwards. They were so treacherous that a part, a few young people they sent away to Brest. That was Brest-Litovsk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=781.0,802.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=802.0,803.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Brest on the Bug. [a river]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=803.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=804.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And from there arrived a few post cards. Maybe five, maybe six post cards. And they arrived from the Brest [saying] ‘we are working.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=804.0,812.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=812.0,813.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That was sufficient. The Ghetto wanted to believe [??] and so they calmed down a bit. Well, so they have departed for work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=813.0,818.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did people live that time already in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=818.0,820.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I shall also tell you about the beginning of the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=820.0,824.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=824.0,824.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: The Ghetto was inaugurated the 15th of November, 1940, on a Saturday; exactly. This was the first Saturday after the Day of Atonement. [Note: the last statement or the month are probably incorrect; should be checked with a Jewish calendar, September would probably be correct] ...The Day of Atonement was on Monday, and on Monday noon [??] it was announced over the radio, that there will be installed a Jewish district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=824.0,844.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=844.0,845.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So, on a Saturday morning, it was blocked. Walls were constructed before and they...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=845.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Of lumber?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=853.0,854.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No. One and a half meters out of bricked topped [??] with [word not clear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=854.0,858.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Stone walls?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=858.0,859.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, stone walls one meter and a half high...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=859.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How...One and a half meter thick or a meter and a half...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=862.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No. A meter and a half high. Thickness about a half a meter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=863.0,867.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=867.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Or about sixty centimeters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=868.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=870.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...in height. It is interesting that ORT was located outside the Ghetto. And on Friday the 14th Yashunski was given a permit that those belonging to the ORT may remain outside the Ghetto. They ordered from the Gestapo to present a list of all students...students, and teaching personnel, administrative personnel, and they will issue permits. But already on Saturday morning, the 15th, I was not permitted to enter the building, and nothing came out of it. Afterward they gave us the permission and ORT moved all its belongs and continued with the courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=870.0,911.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did they move out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=911.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Into the Jewish district.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=913.0,914.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Into the...the Jewish district?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=914.0,915.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Into the Jewish Ghetto. Already. Not far away but in the Jewish Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=915.0,920.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=920.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I only want to say, that ORT was the only institution which was given permission to proceed with...with its school and courses. ORT developed a very great activity and it had a very great sphere of action, because working people were maintaining, so to speak [tolerable] living conditions. Those who worked in the ORT, had work certificates [?] and had the right to live. Temporarily. Of course, afterwards everything went to naught. In these confines [??] the Ghetto remained until the 22nd of June, 1942. During that time terrible things happened. For instance, there was a certain Kort, a communist, by the name of Kort. The Gestapo found out that he was in Warsaw and they came to arrest him. So, he drew a revolver, killed two Gestapo men, and ran away, fled. For this they took three hundred and five [??] intellectuals, that means physicians, lawyers, engineers, they were shot at the citadel, that is, at the fortress...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=922.0,997.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=997.0,997.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: ...on the shore of the Vistula, and they were all thrown into the water. [The next sentence is not clear. It could be reconstructed probably in this way: how they picked them was not clear, maybe they had a list] but it was obvious that they took but a few working men. There was another instance when a hoodlum [??] some thief was running. A squad was chasing after him and they got into a house Nalewki 9.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=997.0,1025.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Inside the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1025.0,1026.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In the Ghetto, yes. A policeman ran after him. And he shot the policeman. And for that all men [males] were taken from the building, fifty eight men, and they were shot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1026.0,1037.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where? Right there in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1037.0,1038.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In the Ghetto. In the Pawiak. That was a famous prison. That was in the Ghetto on the Pawiak Street. And so every day at 2 o’clock there was a change of the guard. The Germans. And they used to arrive on vehicles. They would travel with iron [rods??] [two words not clear] covering [??] the streets with fears. They beat up every [??] person. Then it was already known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1038.0,1075.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What does that mean, they used to beat up? While they were...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1075.0,1076.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e While riding. So they would beat up every Jew who happened to pass by. Over the head. Bashinfg in heads. And then the Jews started watching out. Let us say between one and half past two there could not be seen a Jew on Bracka [?] and Jerozolimski [?] [streets] and in that general direction. People endeavored not to go [there]. Of course, to enter and to take people out of their homes, that was an everyday occurrence. This was of no consequence. The situation of the Jews was terrible. They were driven together from the whole Warsaw district into this small Ghetto. I don’t know whether you are well acquainted with Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1076.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1113.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e There was at [that] time the Ghetto: Bogomarski [??]...the Bank Place [next name not clear] and Leszno [??] up to Zelazna [??]. They have assigned...this they called the large Ghetto. There was also the small Ghetto — that was Twarda [??] Zydowska [??] penetrating from Plan [one name not clear]. Separately stood [word not clear] — this was on Prosta [??] number 14 — that was a school of commerce. There were [word not clear] and there also lived all those who worked with us. The movement between...if one had to go to the greater Ghetto through the Zelazna [??] street... the Zelzna itself was on the one side already outside the Ghetto. And the Chlodan too. So there was constructed a bridge, to get across. One would get down [??] on one side of Zelzna and get across to the other side of the Zelezna. Because the middle was outside the Ghetto. That was Chlodna street [??]. This was still called tolerable. But on the 22nd of July, 1942, it was learned that there will be a deportation from Warsaw. Since there congregated a half a million in this small region — they lived in overcrowded rooms, packed in with kit and caboodle [??]. There was such a strong stench [??] coming out from there, that one could not pass by on the sidewalk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1113.0,1210.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e On what sidewalk?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1210.0,1211.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e There where the refugees lived. The unfortunate deportees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1211.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1215.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In such terrible conditions were they...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1215.0,1217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you mean, which deportees, from everywhere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1217.0,1219.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e From the little towns. From the whole Warsaw...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1219.0,1221.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e From the little towns they were brought to Warsaw?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1221.0,1222.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e From the whole Warsaw district the Jews were brought to Warsaw. They were packed in with kit and caboodle [??] with little children in empty buildings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1222.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1233.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And there was then in Warsaw a good half million. The deportation started with the newcomers. They were first. Unemployed. So the Germans said that they bring in disease [??]. There was such a terrible typhus epidemic, which is unimaginable. As much as three hundred people a day died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1233.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were they buried?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1257.0,1259.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In mass graves. They excavated — as long as they buried three hundred people. Absolutely naked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1259.0,1265.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where? On...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1265.0,1265.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e On the Jewish cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1265.0,1267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e On the cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1267.0,1267.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e On the Jewish cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1267.0,1268.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was the cemetery in the Ghetto, or they had to go outside?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1268.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e For the time being it was still in the Ghetto. The it was still in the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1270.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e It was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1274.0,1275.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e We will come to it later, yes. They were buried just so. They excavated enormous ditches and they would throw them in...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1275.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they permit to say Kadesh [prayer for the dead]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1283.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: Yes...please. [sounds like: help yourselves] as much as you like. This they did not begrudge. Yes. And they started the deportation with these unfortunates. And here comes the psychological moment. Well, everybody thought, they will send away a part, and the rest will remain. Sure, they too are human beings, they too want to are human beings, they too want to live, but nobody could be concerned about that. But then the chairman of the community council came to the conviction that they are being led away for extermination and he poisoned himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1284.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh — he poisoned himself. [This is not a repetition as often happened, but the pronouncement of the German synonym of the word.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1319.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e He poisoned himself. People came in the morning and found him sitting [dead] in his office [??].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1320.0,1324.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did he poison himself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1324.0,1326.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, he could not stand it any more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1326.0,1329.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he have to select the people for the deportation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1329.0,1332.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no. The people were selected by the police. They were caught. They were rounded up [??] and sent away. But still he was the chairman of the Jewish council.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1332.0,1342.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1342.0,1342.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And on that account he so to speak carried the responsibility for them [??].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1342.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1347.0,1348.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And afterwards they went further, and further. One section would be surrounded and cleaned out. Then a second section. Then they already started taking such people who had various permit certificates, attesting [??] that they were working. ‘Oh, bunk [would they say] what work are you doing?’ It was nothing, they would tear it up, and send him away. People started to ponder, where are they being sent?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1348.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were they all Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1371.0,1372.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, German, helped by Ukrainians and Latvians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1372.0,1376.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Latvians have helped?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1376.0,1376.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: For the actions they used large numbers of Ukrainians and Letts, a very great number. [Note: This must have been done not only for the purpose of conservation of manpower, but because of the fact that Anti-Semitism was for centuries a component part of the Ukrainian culture, while the Latvians had it inculcated by the Czarist regime and German landowners. The German masses were, before Hitler, only mildly Anti-Semitic.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1376.0,1385.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they started deporting and deporting and it dragged along until, until September...’42. In August ’42 they again proceeded to reduce the size of the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1385.0,1403.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How could they reduce the size?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1403.0,1404.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Pushing it together. Instead of Leszno [??] it was pushed to Gesia [??]. You know [??] Warsaw?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1404.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1411.0,1412.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e To Gesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1412.0,1413.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e It was made smaller.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1413.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Smaller [word not clear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1414.0,1415.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And what was done with the other houses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1415.0,1417.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They were occupied by Aryan people. Poles occupied them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1417.0,1420.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1420.0,1420.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1420.0,1421.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1421.0,1422.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Poles occupied all of the dwellings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1422.0,1424.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1424.0,1424.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That is what happened [??] And by September, it appeared that this have quieted down a bit. The leader, the director of the Extermination Command of the Warsaw region was called Brandt [??].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1424.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1440.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And so....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1441.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e The Extermination Command...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1442.0,1443.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Extermination...It was a special Extermination Command.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1443.0,1446.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it called that openly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1446.0,1448.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Indeed openly. Of course. They were in Warsaw. Then it was known for instance that they had deported for fifteen days for Lublin. And there they would depart for Radom, and there they went to another city — everything was known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1448.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1460.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So Brandt came to the Jewish council and said, ‘Quiet, now it is all over.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1462.0,1479.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [There is some interruption, possibly a check of the recorder.] Now then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1479.0,1480.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ‘From now on the Jews may live in peace. There were too many Jews. An element that did not work. We are unable to forage so many. But those [who] have remained may work unconcerned, and there will be no more actions.’ ‘Especially,’he said, ‘we should take care of the children of those who have remained.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1480.0,1505.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who said that, the German?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1505.0,1506.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Brandt said all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1506.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1507.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The children who have remained, they will remain alive. And we should arrange a Children’s Home...And the Jews were so naive that they believed him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1507.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1520.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A children’s home was fixed up. All the abandoned little children were assembled, it was beautifully installed, people readily gave money for it, and it was believed that we will survive these terrible times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1520.0,1538.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1538.0,1538.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e But it lasted a very short time. And it is known what happened to the Ghetto [??] The whole Gesia Street was to be cleared from Jews. And by that time the cemetery appeared also excluded from the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1538.0,1555.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1555.0,1556.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Because the wall was to go running through [??] of Gesia Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1556.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1560.0,1561.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e As far as Okpowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1561.0,1563.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1563.0,1563.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That is how the street went. Here was Okpowa and the Ghetto was now located on the other side of Okpowa. And so those who were working in the department of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1563.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1575.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...of the House of Life [cemetery?] so to speak...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1575.0,1578.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1578.0,1579.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [of] ...the Jewish council, they had the right, they had special permits to take out the dead...to the Aryan side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1579.0,1587.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e They had helpers? [??]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1587.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, with helpers. Yes, they had a special uniform and they had permission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1588.0,1592.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1592.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And it lasted a very short time and they started making actions again. First [people were taken] from the streets, and then they started making actions in the actual shops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1593.0,1608.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1608.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They would take, so to speak, those who worked in the shops [??].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1609.0,1614.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: So they would stage an action, take away a number of people, and then promise: they won’t molest [us] again. But it lasted a very short time. There came an instance, a moment when they came to the Jewish council proper. They ordered everybody to come out in the yard. And Brandt himself stood there [word not clear] everyone had to pass by, and whoever he pleased, most of them of course, he sent away. At that time, of those who were in the Jewish council, he sent away that day it seems, five hundred fifty people. [few words not clear] whoever he pleased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1614.0,1652.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did the Jewish council have so many people? Five hundred fifty people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1652.0,1655.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course. The Jewish council felt an obligation to occupy as many as possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1655.0,1661.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1661.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Because if one had a card from the Jewish council, that meant that one is occupied, that one works, and that meant that one will remain alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1662.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1669.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e There also were people by accident. Those who came there to transact all kinds of business. I, too, happened to be there, in the Jewish council. But I got away. There were three squares. He, Brandt, stood in front, facing him were the vice-chairman, — that time Czerniakov was no more. The chairman was the engineer, Lichtenbaum, the vice-chairman — Dr. Gelikowsky. He [Brandt?] stood there. In front of him stood Dr. Gelikowsky [one sentence not clear] When I came over I told him that I am working for the community, am occupied in the organization — he even did not want to listen. The Lord willed that next to Gelikowsky there stood a woman and she distracted him [Brandt?] with conversation so that he did not see me. But I have proved [?] ..he grabbed me by his hand, and he says ‘you are going!’ And Brandt then simply ordered me to go along, of course. And I was already far in the square. And I hear somebody calling ‘hello, hello’ [??] [One sentence not clear] And there stood then a [two words not clear] woman, a Jewish writer was there...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1669.0,1745.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1745.0,1746.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: ...and she says to me: ‘Gurmanova, it appears to me that you are being called’.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1746.0,1750.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Was she there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1750.0,1751.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e She too was there, but was then liberated, and was taken [?] later. She went away the 18th of January.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1751.0,1758.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: And I look around and I ask them: ‘me?’ So Gelikowski yells to me. ‘yes, you, go!’ And we were then set free. Well yes, everyone who was set free, stood aside [?] They took away then 550 people and again they said, Brandt [said] they will take no more. But in spite of what he promised, they always made new arrests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1758.0,1785.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And so it was going...it was known that in April there will be the end of the Jewish Ghetto. It was known, that by April all will be massacred [?].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1785.0,1794.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me, how did you live in the Ghetto? Where did one live? In homes? What kind of rooms did you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1794.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Now I will tell you. We...it is understood when they reduced the size of the Ghetto the crowding became terrible. And at the end there were fifteen people to a room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1802.0,1813.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Men and women?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1813.0,1815.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Men and women, all together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1815.0,1817.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So how did they live?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1817.0,1820.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e But there were people who lived very well [few words not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1820.0,1825.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e ...how?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1825.0,1825.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...because people could get out to the Aryan side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1825.0,1829.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1829.0,1829.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e These were called work stations. [store houses]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1829.0,1831.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1831.0,1832.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Germans used to take them out...to the Aryan side. They would take them for...there were value conservation details...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1832.0,1842.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1842.0,1843.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They would gather together all the things. In all the buildings which the Jews had abandoned...so they took Jews out [of the Ghetto], and the task of these Jews was to search for all the things, that have remained. You know the German efficiency. Everything to sort out, everything to classify.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1843.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1860.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And first of all they were interested in silverware, and good sets [of tableware]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1861.0,1867.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1867.0,1867.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...in furniture. For instance, on 13c Leszno [Street] there was an enormous building, a very big house, and that was [converted into] a storehouse for furniture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1867.0,1877.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1877.0,1878.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They all classified it. On the first floor were buffets, on the second were beds, on the third were mattresses, on the fourth were wardrobes and so on [?] So often Jews who used to go over to the other side, to work on these storehouse, were earning very, very well. Because...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1878.0,1895.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1895.0,1896.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, let me tell you. They used to find things...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1896.0,1899.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1899.0,1900.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Many Jews did not have what to live on, so they used to sell things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1900.0,1904.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1904.0,1905.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: So things were being sold on the Aryan side. And on that were made excellent profits. [Note: the members of the salvage crews apparently were selling some of the gathered things to the Aryans as if they were their own] And that was...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1905.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And by night they would return to the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1913.0,1914.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...and they would return at night to the Ghetto, and would bring in turn foodstuffs [to barter]. because on the Aryan side there were foodstuffs. And so this category lived very well. Besides the had good food and drink.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1914.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But how were their living quarters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1929.0,1931.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They dwelled in crowding. In very crowded living conditions. It is understood they too had to live among the rest [??]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1931.0,1938.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1938.0,1938.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e You understand?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1938.0,1939.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1939.0,1940.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And so the Ghetto became more and more constricted. [Some words not clear] But one could get everything. If one had only the money — one could get everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1940.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And the money was not taken away?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1950.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1951.0,1952.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1952.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e If there were made inspection, and money was found, it was taken away. So people would hide it, one would find a way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1953.0,1959.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And with money it was possible...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1959.0,1961.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e With money everything was possible. But life was no life. There were for instance, certain two Klechtermeier [?] and Blecher [?]. One of them was a kind of employee [?] in the court, before the war. Before the war he was a Pole, afterwards he became a Polish-German [a Volksdeutsche]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1961.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1983.0,1984.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they, when they would come into the Ghetto it was known that a lot will perish [?] Every Jew they would encounter they would shoot. Without any reason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1984.0,1993.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e They themselves?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1993.0,1994.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1994.0,1995.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e ...they didn’t bring with them anybody...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1995.0,1995.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: No, no. Only these two: Klechtermeier and Blecher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1995.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What did they carry, rifles?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1999.0,2000.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, with revolvers. I myself saw him shooting a Jew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2000.0,2004.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2004.0,2005.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e With a revolver. Just came over and shot him. It was already known, if they were coming...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2005.0,2011.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of...what kind of business did they have there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2011.0,2013.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: Oh, just so. They were coming for a check-up [?] A panic would started — and the word would pass on: ‘The shooters have come.’ So they would come into a dwelling. ‘Why are you home? Why are you not at work?’ — ‘I am sick!.....’So don’t be sick’, and there and then he was put down and shot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2013.0,2030.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they have anything to do with work [duties] were they...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2030.0,2033.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely nothing. They were Germans, and that was sufficient. Every German had...the Jews were outside the law. The Jews could complain [seek justice] to no one. If they wanted to order to dance. I must tell you that while the Jews were led to the distribution square... That is at the freight station...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2033.0,2055.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2055.0,2056.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e There where [a few words not clear] not at the main station, from there only went the trains that were designated for Treblinka...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2056.0,2067.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2067.0,2068.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e En route, nobody was chased, they marched step by step, most at ease. If there were older people or sick — oh please, they supplied a rickshaw, and carted him away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2068.0,2081.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What is a rickshaw? [this Chinese — Japanese conveyance was not known in Europe in normal times]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2081.0,2082.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That was such a little buggy...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2082.0,2087.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2087.0,2087.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...like a sideseater [a riding-wagon — Reitwagen]...[a few words not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2087.0,2091.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2091.0,2091.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e During the day one would not see a living human on the street. After five o’clock when they would come back from the workstations. [several sentences not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2091.0,2105.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2105.0,2106.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, those who went out to work. At five o’clock they would return.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2106.0,2112.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2112.0,2113.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e By that time there was only one single gate leading from the Ghetto. That was at [word not clear] At Gesia. There was no other. The Ghetto was closed all around. And the Jews knew, that in April the end will come. But the Germans now started something different. They said — Warsaw must be made free of Jews. And so those Jews who work in shops and industries...those shopes will be transferred with the shops to smaller towns. And so a transfer was made to Poniatowa, and to some other little town, the name slips me for a moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2113.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e They were transferred....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2163.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Transferred....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2164.0,2165.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e With the machinery?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2165.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e With the machinery. The machinery was loaded with them [?]. They were ordered to sing. I still now hear this singing in my ears. It was shuddering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2166.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What were they singing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2175.0,2176.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [not clear] Anything, songs, they were to make merry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2176.0,2180.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2180.0,2180.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...and it was known, and Jews [?] were standing on the balconies, with other people, and they knew that these humans are being led to death, and they are called Jews [???] [the words are scrambled from emotions] In Poniatowa they still worked for a short while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2180.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: [In English] This concludes Spool 50 of Miss Rachel Gurmanova, and we are going over to Spool 51. Paris, August the 17th, 1946. [Note: This reference to Spool 50 is obviously a mistake. The spool just concluded is obviously Spool 51. Such errors in numbers were at times unavoidable.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2193.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Paris, August the 17th. This is Spool 52. The interview continues with Miss [Mrs.] Rachel Gurmanova.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2220.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] Now Mrs...continue...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2220.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They were told they were being taken [to work] and they took with them their sewing machines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2234.0,2242.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They took with them their sewing machines, and indeed they worked there for a short time, and afterwards one ‘nice’ day they were led out. They were ordered to dig out large ditches...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2242.0,2254.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who did that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2254.0,2255.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The authorities of the fort where they were led out [???not sure of the text on the wire]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2255.0,2260.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2260.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [She gives in Polish the status of the authorities] [??]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2261.0,2263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2263.0,2263.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Everybody was ordered to strip completely to tie together the things in bundles, and to put away each one his own things. All were laid out on the ground — I have read a description of a woman who had saved herself...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2263.0,2283.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, where did she describe it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2283.0,2285.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e She described it...our labor committee had her book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2285.0,2292.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A letter?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2292.0,2292.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...book. A report, a description.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2292.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I have read it myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2295.0,2295.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And so they were told that all should lie down on the ground. Next to her was laying her ten year old little daughter and they were all shot with machine guns [??]. She, and other two women...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2295.0,2311.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did they shoot women who were laying on the ground?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2311.0,2314.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Well they were killed, apparently it is possible. All shot...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2314.0,2319.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And how has she escaped?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2319.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e She...by accident. Her little girl was killed and she...survived. She felt that she was alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2321.0,2330.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2330.0,2331.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And so there came the Ukrainians, and they started covering with branches of trees all these bodies. She thought that they were going to burn them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2331.0,2342.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2342.0,2343.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So she started...she waited until dark...and began to shove herself, to shove away, from underneath the branches. But afterwards it came to be that all were thrown into the ditch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2343.0,2356.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2356.0,2356.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: ...which they themselves have excavated, and they were buried. There were many such graves, as many as they needed [??], and for four successive days the earth of these graves would rise and fall again [repeatedly] because the people...there were many who were not ‘shot completely’; they still moved, they still struggled. And it was visible how the earth continued moving [rise and fall] She with two other women, they walked naked, it is a whole story. They stepped into a peasant woman, she had hidden somehow a bit of money, and the peasant woman sold her something to put on. And so they saved themselves [??] [One sentence not clear; sounds like: they got away at night] This is a chapter for itself. But by the orders [??] of the Germans they laid out so many thousands of people on — in the open, have shot them with machine guns. All of them without exception. And...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2356.0,2415.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e That was not in an extermination camp, that was just...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2415.0,2417.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that was not in a lager, this was just so.. The extermination camp was Treblinka...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2417.0,2423.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2423.0,2424.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [in] Majdanek they were shooting. In Majdanek there was no crematory. The crematory was in Treblinka. But here they were just shooting. They ordered them to dig the graves themselves, and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2424.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e You tell me people did it. How do people do such things? They knew that they will be shot...[a few words not clear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2439.0,2447.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure. That is all...here comes the psychological moment. To throw themselves all together at the Germans...one does not have anything to lose...to knock out their teeth, to knock out their eyes — nothing! People went like sheep. I must tell you how perished the Rabbi of Warsaw. Dressed up in a shroud, through saying Via and so he went.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2447.0,2472.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were they told...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2472.0,2473.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: ...to Kidush Hashem. They believed...They knew such was their destiny. If God orders, so it must be [Note: A shroud forms part of the attire of the pious Jew on the following occasions: during services on the Day of Atonement; during the repast at the first night of Passover; it also was worn by the groom at the wedding ceremony. The three occasions are given in order of frequency of observance. II Vida — Prayer — said by those on the dying bed, or those about to die. Regularly recited by pious old people together with their bedtime prayers. III Kidush Hashem — ‘for the glory of the Lord.’ — a common designation for religious martyrdom.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2473.0,2481.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2481.0,2481.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e They went deep in faith, up to the last minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2481.0,2486.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, of course, they did not care about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2486.0,2488.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [She is emotional and her speech is not clear] They went [??] wearing anything [??] And there were thousands and thousands of people. It is possible to imagine what an upheaval there was? What screams and what wails — and they [the Nazis] were sitting, they ordered that the German be served some soup, brandy — one was compelled to bring it [a pause]. Now, I have to turn back [with the story]. At night — one had to go in by seven o’clock — at night from twelve to six, from the sixth to the seventh of September, 1942, it was announced that one could go out all night, and at dawn all people who worked have to appear at their places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2488.0,2543.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2543.0,2544.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That means that all those employed by the Jewish council have to report to the headquarter of the Jewish council. They should take food for two days. That all from the shops should assemble to the [name of place not clear] and there will be a selection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2544.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Why a selection?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2566.0,2567.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Because there are too many Jews. One does not need that many. Only the ones needed were to remain, and a part must get out. What getting out meant was already known. And...they also made a selection of those among the Jewish council...I also belonged to the Jewish council, because then there was no more what was called ORT, but we had to call ourselves The Division for Jewish Professional Education. They already were not permitted...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2567.0,2598.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e ...professional Education for Jews...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2598.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2599.0,2599.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e The ORT was already...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2599.0,2600.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The ORT was already not permitted. We were then in the yard of Jewish council. We were detained for two days. Afterwards we were such...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2600.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What does it mean, you were detained for two days? Where did you spend the two days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2610.0,2614.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In the Jewish council.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2614.0,2616.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2616.0,2617.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In the building of the Jewish council... on the floor...we were laying on the floor in the building of the Jewish council. Then everybody was ordered out into the yard. The Jewish council was ordered to make a meshuma of those people...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2617.0,2627.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What is a meshuma, a list?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2627.0,2629.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Of all those...a list yes, — of all those people. They issued numbers and all these numbers were led out. I must tell, about five thousand numbers....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2629.0,2642.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2642.0,2643.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they led us in formation [few words not clear, possibly a direction of a locality in Warsaw], where — we did knot know. But not all, even of those with numbers [?] were led out. They led out a certain number, and then they ordered to stop. The right side [they apparently were divided into two groups] were sent away the next day to Treblinka. They led us out. The majority lived then in Gesia [street] Malinorski [she apparently names a district of Warsaw] and we were led under guard, so that each one should go into his own home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2643.0,2673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2673.0,2673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e For two days there stood around guards with rifles...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2673.0,2678.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Soldiers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2678.0,2679.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Soldiers. Nobody was permitted in nor out. People gradually recuperated [from the experience] People gradually appeared on the streets, and life went on after the horrible experience [??] We did not know why it happened, how many...one thing was clear, that in time [??] there will be an end to the Jews. We did not know whether all will be led out to [name not clear], to Poniatowa, to Trawniki, let us say; that was not known. And they started also in the shops. [a few words not clear] Every few days there were actions also in the shops. Until it came to the tragic day of the 18th, the 19th [words not clear] the 19th of April. It was on the eve of Passover. A day before a delegation of Rabbis visited the Gestapo and inquired whether they could have prayer meetings on Passover. So the reply was [she imitates the Germans] Yes, if you please [wish]. Only don’t pray too loud, don’t yell. But prayer meetings you may hold as much as you want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2679.0,2755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And Matzoths?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2755.0,2755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That was known already [to the Germans]. Matzoths were baked...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2755.0,2758.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Matzoths were baked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2758.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Yes, the Jewish council gave Matzoths to everybody. There was no money. The Jewish council paid nothing. That must be told. But one would get something. Provisions one would get [apparently for services in the council]. People knew already. If something was distributed in the Ghetto, a bit more food, that meant already that there will be an action. Before every action it was done that way, they gave a bit more food. There was a time, during the deportations, when it was laid out on the tables. So and so, people are being sent out for work; because there are so many people in Warsaw, so those who will present themselves voluntarily will get two Kilogram of bread, with a Kilogram of honey [syrup] And therefore...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2760.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Honey?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2808.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Honey. And therefore, became the situation [??] was so horrible, that thousands of people presented themselves voluntarily. In part it was the influence of those who believed [them] Oh, we are traveling to [a place of] work. People wanted to talk into themselves, that they are going away to work. There were for instance the Warsaw hackneys [coachmen] You know what that means...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2808.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,2832.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...who were healthy, and strong. So they took them with their horse and carriage, led them away with wife and children. And people told them; you brutes, you brutes, what are you doing? Where are you journeying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2832.0,2844.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there hackneys in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2844.0,2846.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2846.0,2846.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e With horses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2846.0,2847.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...with horses, yes. What are you doing? [they answered] ‘We are going to work, we will suffer through, while you work, they won’t kill you. Such was the psychology, and so were the events [??] People delivered themselves. Where did they say were people going? They [the Germans] said that the people are going to Smolensk. So people [some Jews] went to the distribution square and jotted down the numbers of the railroad cars...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2847.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,2878.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...and these same cars had returned within six hours. That is there destination to work. Was very near, isn’t that so? They say [??] they take them to Smolensk. They lead away and annihilate. But nobody believed it. Everybody said to himself, that he is going to work [whatever may have been done to the others] And now [in a solemn voice] comes the heroic uprising of the Warsaw Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2878.0,2901.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you there during the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2901.0,2903.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I...the Warsaw Ghetto was surrounded by soldiers for annihilation. On April the 18th, on a Sunday evening...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2903.0,2914.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2914.0,2914.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I left the Ghetto the 16th, Friday in the morning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2914.0,2918.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you get out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2918.0,2920.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, am I to tell the whole story?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2920.0,2922.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Surely [??]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2922.0,2922.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Then I shall tell it to you [she speaks with inspiration] I was in the Ghetto and worked with the ORT, and it [the ORT] gave us whatever help it could. The Jews. Always, when they came, when they were herded together, from the whole...[countryside]...from all the little towns. The ORT helped all the artisans. They were driven out of their homes, say in ten, fifteen minutes. And they could take nothing with them. So it was necessary to give a tailor not only a [sewing] machine, but he had to be given [she enumerates hastily] a machine, a mannekin [??] a flatiron, a table and stool, and [she names three objects which I am not able to translate for the moment] and some bread [??] and accessories and some thread just for a start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2922.0,2964.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And the ORT supplied all that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2964.0,2966.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The ORT supplied it. They were coming to us, they were demanding from the Mother [??] ORT. And all were provided. And I must tell you they were earning [for a living] they were earning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2966.0,2976.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who were earning?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2976.0,2976.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Artisans. Tailors, cobblers, glazers, carpenters. They were earning. But since the housing [??] situation was catastrophic, they had nowhere to install their shops, so the ORT assembled a kind of chests. [lockers]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2976.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,2992.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: And these chests came to be itinerant shops, for carpenters, for cobblers. Each carpenter each cobbler, had his relatives from his home town. So he would come into a home, and there fix the shoes. And there occurred most moving scenes. Artisans would come and say: ‘Today I don’t go begging for no soup. Here, see, I have earned, and my wife cooks her our own dinner. I don’t go begging. I am through with begging.’ These were joyful moments. And the other joyful moments were the courses, where the youth were taught; and afterwards the established themselves and earned. And this was going on until the last moment. The ORT existed until the 18th of April. And I was with it and kept up with my work [??] But then something happened. I had a woman friend, a teacher, who made a living with great hardship. And she lived in Warsaw on Nowolipie Street [one or two words not clear] apparently a name of an industrial plant, possibly Schurz] But when Schurz had to requisition his workers, he was given the whole section [she says block] Nowolipki.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2992.0,3068.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Schurz was a shop [a few words not clear] a kind of industry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3068.0,3069.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: A shop, yes. In German, a schupp. That was a big shop. And there worked eighteen and a half thousand people. [Note: this clears up the appearance in Yiddish and German the word shop. It is really not the penetration of the word shop from the English language but a corruption of the German word Schuppen, which means a shed, a temporary industrial building, a structure consisting of a roof supported by pillars but without walls. These were apparently the quickly erected shops, in which the machinery and materials had to be safeguarded from rain and snow, but not the workers.] Schurz was assigned for his labor needs the section from the Novolipie Street to [one street name not clear] and to Stanowizi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3069.0,3085.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e They simply gave him all these people to work for him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3085.0,3088.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but they assigned dwellings for his people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3088.0,3092.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3092.0,3093.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And those people [who] lived in these dwellings had to move out. Among these also was my woman friend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3093.0,3100.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3100.0,3101.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And she remained without a dwelling. But since a brother of her worked in the first shop on Swientagorski [??] Street she moved in with him. And now imagine that in that dwelling she found somewhere inside a wall a kind of hiding place, and she found there a colossal amount of money, gold and diamonds. Apparently a Jew who lived there....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3101.0,3128.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e That happened to your friend...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3128.0,3129.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...to my friend, yes, to my friend. This apparently was hidden by a Jew who had lived there, and when he was taken away it remained there. So, when it came to so much money, they started thinking about getting over to the Aryan side. All those who had money went across, and so...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3129.0,3149.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e With Aryan papers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3149.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, if people went across they procured papers...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3150.0,3153.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3153.0,3153.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And for that one had to have colossal sums.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3153.0,3155.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, where was the money found, in the Ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3155.0,3159.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e But since they had become rich, they started thinking about getting over to the other side; to save themselves. She was a teacher by profession. And she had a woman friend also a teacher, a Christian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3159.0,3173.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3173.0,3175.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So they entered in communication with that Christian. That Christian [woman] had communicated with her often. She was always interested [??] to communicate with them. Zelazna Street was still in the Ghetto. On the Leszno [it sounds like Leszna] Street were all courts [of justice] a very large building. On one side it faced Zeleszna and on the other side it faced Bialo..[correcting herself] Gradowa. The Christians used to enter from the Gradowa Street side, and Jews would enter from Leszno and there inside they would meet. In this manner my women friends also would come to see each other, and with the brother...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3175.0,3214.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3214.0,3215.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The friends of mine. And they started negotiating with Irene, so that she should find them an apartment. Irene obtained fore herself false papers, because she was an artisan. And on these false papers she rented for them an apartment. That has cost an awful lot of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3215.0,3232.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e False papers? Jewish false papers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3232.0,3234.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: No, Polish. But she did not to risk [??] because she was employed working woman. [Note: The occupation was obviously written into her correct papers. And as an working woman it was dangerous for her to rent an expensive apartment. She also could continue living at her own home, on her own name.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3234.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3240.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In case something happens, she would just not be there. You understand? She was then back on her own [???]. In this apartment was constructed a double wall, a double wall was installed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3240.0,3250.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In what apartment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3250.0,3250.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In the apartment which they rented on the Aryan side. A double wall was installed. And in the wall was made a little, little door. And in front of it was standing cupboard [??] — to cover it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3250.0,3266.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3266.0,3266.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e We used to sit in the room. As soon as there was a knock at the door we all got in there [behind the double wall] the cupboard [??] was shoved back [to cover the door] and that was all. They registered in the apartment [as inhabitants] Irene [??] on false papers, a sister-in-law of my woman friend, with a child, and one woman more, a Christian, a servant. Three persons were registered, and other eight of us lived there unregistered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3266.0,3296.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So you lived on the Aryan side?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3296.0,3298.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I am telling you how it happened. And this friend, after they...they moved in there, [in this other apartment] in the second half of February 1943...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3298.0,3311.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3311.0,3312.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...Oh, she started to plead with me persistently that I go with them. And I already...and I hesitated to abandon the ORT. [The last sentence is not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3312.0,3318.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3318.0,3319.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e This dragged along until...until the 12th of April.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3319.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,3326.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Imagine that. And the 15th of April, I was still sitting in the shops at the ORT, working normally. And somebody had to sit as usual by the window and watch, whether somebody was coming, whether there were not [word not clear]...So I was sitting at the window, and in order that the work proceeds calmly in the shops, I used to read to them. And Thursday the 15th of April, I still read to them the letter of Manachem Mendel to Sheine Sheindel by Sholem Aleichem. [few words not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3326.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,3358.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: And all would lament over memories about home [??] So they could forget themselves. One forgot his woes. I read to them, we talked, we told about [various things] And here comes the brother of my woman friend and tells me thus: ‘listen Gurmanova, Jeannie does not let me live. I plead with you to come out [to leave the Ghetto] So I answered to him thus: ‘You know, that the Jewish Council will distribute for Passover packages to all people working. But there are two kinds of packages — larger ones and smaller ones. So I am afraid, if I should leave, not all of ours [apprentices of the ORT] will not get equal packages. Why should people become irritated? I shall wait until Monday; Monday everybody will get their packages and then I shall get out.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3358.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,3408.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So he goes away and he comes back. ‘No. Jeanie has sent me another note.’ I should come without fail. So I said to him:-’You know what, I am a bit religious. I shall go to the Jewish council. If they promise me that all our co-workers will get equally large packages’...and I went there and they....I did not tell them that I am getting out of the city [obviously out of the Ghetto] I told them I am going out to [name of locality not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3408.0,3432.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e By going out was meant not to come back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3432.0,3436.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I planned to come back. I went out as a worker, as one of those who were going out to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3436.0,3441.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3441.0,3443.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So they told me in the Jewish council, I told them that I was going out there on a leave...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3443.0,3448.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3448.0,3449.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e For over the holy days...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3449.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,3455.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: So they told me: ‘go ahead, I assure you that all your [?] co-workers will get large packages. And on Friday morning the 16th of April, I left. And so I got over there. I came to Jeannie on Cholodna Street 15 [last four words not clear] and Sunday night, the Ghetto was encircled for the last time, for annihilation. Do you understand? I ask you? If the Ghetto had been surrounded the 18th, [correcting herself] the 19th, I would have been there, because by Monday I would have gone back. I was missing it [the Ghetto] And so I remained. [here she raises her voice] I must tell you however about the perfidy of the Germans,....they knew that on the Aryan side there were some Jews. And that did not let them rest [live] It all was so worked out, with such precision. What did they do? For about two months before the destruction of the Ghetto they posted an announcement that for a number of Jews have arrived permits to — to leave for abroad. And since these Jews are not here anymore,others may leave instead. Of course with a good passport [??]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3455.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,3533.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e There was no shortage of money. There were rich Jews. And they paid several hundred thousand zloty per person. [a zloty is equivalent to...........] You understand what this means?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3533.0,3543.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3543.0,3544.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they were segregated [??] They went to the Paviak, that is a prison. They were there for a certain length of time, they were permitted to receive food that was brought to them. And then they were led away to [name of locality not clear] That is a beautiful region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3544.0,3566.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In Poland?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3566.0,3567.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Right there in Poland. [few words not clear] And from there arrived wonderful letters. That the people are there expecting to leave the country, that they are well clothed, that they are given courses in various languages and they are being told that soon they will depart for America. The end was that they were all taken to Oswiecim and gas-killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3567.0,3597.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oswiecim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3597.0,3597.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3597.0,3598.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e That is where? [The interviewer obviously forgot himself and asked the question in English. She obviously took the last word for the German wer meaning who.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3598.0,3599.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The Germans, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3599.0,3601.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oswiecim, where is that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3601.0,3602.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oswiecim is near Prokurow[ka] [?] There were horrible crematories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3602.0,3610.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that the same as Treblinka?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3610.0,3612.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Yes. This happened two months earlier. Now when they were through with the Ghetto — in May the destruction of the Ghetto was completed — absolutely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3612.0,3626.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e That was the famous uprising...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3626.0,3628.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The famous uprising and it was all devastated. The whole Ghetto was lying in shambles. And again they made an announcement, that the Jews who were living on the Aryan side may register and come out and may leave [town? Or the country?] [one sentence not clear] And those who — of course those who had money are permitted to leave. And now my woman friend fell a victim of her money. Since she had money she paid up and departed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3628.0,3666.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And where did you remain?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3666.0,3667.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I just remained, to go where the Germans were willing to send me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3667.0,3670.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And where did you hide?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3670.0,3672.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I just remained in that apartment...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3672.0,3675.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And how about food and other things?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3675.0,3676.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there was a Christian woman, the servant. She would go out shopping, we cooked and so it was...But once before day break, the 19th of August...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3676.0,3687.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have Aryan papers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3687.0,3688.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. No. At that time not yet. At that time I did not have any Aryan papers. I remained in hiding. Not only I but eight people together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3688.0,3696.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you able...that Christian woman, could you trust her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3696.0,3700.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that was such a Christian that one could trust. We knew who she was [??]...But here is the misfortune that happened in that dwelling. The sister-in-law of my woman friend was registered on Aryan papers. And she had a Jewish husband [?] a real Jewish husband. And he spoke not such a good Polish, and she was a simple Jewish woman, and to make it short, on the 19th of August, 1943, at half past twelve in the night on Thursday [she makes here a little slip, she says halfzw’lf which would really mean 11:30] — the door opens and enter the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3700.0,3739.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In your apartment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3739.0,3740.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In our apartment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3740.0,3742.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In our apartment. And since they [the people in hiding] had money, they did not want to sit there in hiding [word not clear] and the Germans came in and found the hideout open, and they found there eighteen Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3742.0,3755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3755.0,3756.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And I among them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3756.0,3758.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3758.0,3759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So they started a ‘aha, aha’, what’s going on, all of you come with us.’ There was not far to go, because right near to us was the commandantura. We used to have every night a lookout, not all of us slept, one would sit up, and we used to hear distinctly how people were shot there, at the fifth house from us. Well, we could not help it, we had to go. So they lined us all up to face the wall, hands up, they search us, now we have to go. But we...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3759.0,3792.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, your woman friend was already away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3792.0,3793.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no. My woman friend was still there, all of us were there. There were the following people besides me. My woman friend, her old mother, her brother with his wife and child, two friends of the brother, and a few more people [word not clear].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3793.0,3811.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In how many rooms?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3811.0,3813.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In three. But we were all in the hind room. We then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3813.0,3819.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e But all were able to hide there behind [the double wall] ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3819.0,3822.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes [word not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3822.0,3824.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How many people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3824.0,3824.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Eight people. We even slept there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3824.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3827.0,3829.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e But the Christian woman was in a hurry — We even had an agreement, that the door should not be opened until there was a signal for us to hide...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3829.0,3841.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3841.0,3842.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: ...but stupidly the door was opened, they entered and found [us] they — our hideout and there it was. They started searching and they took away a very large quantity of money, and diamonds, a heap, and they left. They even told us, ‘you may remain living here.’ And we had to remain living there because we had nowhere to go. [Note: the searchers apparently appropriated the loot and therefore preferred not to make the arrest. As a matter of fact, they might have staged the search on their own, without orders or knowledge of headquarters.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3842.0,3871.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who were they...Germans, Ukrainians...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3871.0,3874.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Two Germans...Two Germans...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3874.0,3877.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And they themselves have taken away the money?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3877.0,3880.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: The money, watches, diamonds,...oh, a lot of things, brooches, a lot, a lot of things. Of course, when the Germans would come into a home searching, they would take off the rings from the fingers, that was something ordinary. But they left. This was on a Thursday, the 19th of August 1942 [corrects herself] 1943, excuse me. And the 21st, on Saturday morning, half past six, they are here again. Already one of them, with three others. And he says: ‘it has become known that there are Jews here. You have seen, I wanted to leave you here, but I am unable to do so, well, so we have to go, we are helpless...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3880.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,3926.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And so, we got ready. But we started to plead with him again, this was done already by the two friends of my woman friend’s brother, and they let us off, again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3926.0,3936.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Again, you gave money?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3936.0,3938.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Again money was given, not so much this time, and they let us free. But they told us ‘you must leave immediately’...this dwelling.’ And now, like a good angel, Irene appeared again...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3938.0,3953.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3953.0,3955.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [she repeats with emphasis] And now appeared, like a good angel, Irene. I must tell you, that must be called luck [??]. We had a kind of signal. There were two curtains [?] on the window tied up with a ribbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3955.0,3968.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3968.0,3969.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e When Irene wanted to come up, she would take a look to ascertain whether the ribbon, the green one, was there...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3969.0,3978.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Well...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3978.0,3979.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3979.0,3980.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How can one tear away a ribbon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3980.0,3982.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: Not withstanding, while Germans were there, we got quietly to the window, and I took off the ribbon, and he [the German] noticed nothing. And as soon as she saw that, the ribbon was missing, she came up to us. The Germans had already gone, and we tell her what happened, so she says: ‘don’t get desperate, don’t get desperate.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3982.0,4009.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4009.0,4010.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: I shall do something immediately. And she went to a woman friend of hers, which had a store, an electric [or elector??] Street, and since it was Saturday, she requested: ‘I plead with you close up the store a bit earlier, and lock up my Jews.’ And so it was done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4010.0,4028.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And she was a Christian?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4028.0,4030.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A Christian, of course a Christian. So she locked us up in this store and left for home. All was well. Until Monday morning we remained, lying on the floor in that place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4030.0,4042.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of business did she have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4042.0,4043.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, women’s fineries, stationery...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4043.0,4047.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So. Also a Christian?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4047.0,4048.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, a Christian. It was outside the Ghetto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4048.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4052.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And by Monday, a new apartment was found. In this already the underground has helped a bit. And in the underground committee...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4052.0,4060.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A Jewish one?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4060.0,4061.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Poles and Jews together. All parties had united and I was given some relief because we already had nothing to live on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4061.0,4072.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4072.0,4074.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e With their help, we attained another dwelling and we settled there. There we had a small bare little room. Not more than a quarter of this one. Humid. If we put our shoes for the night under the beds, they were by morning molded green.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4074.0,4092.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Excuse me. She says ‘about a quarter of this room.’ Well this room is about 12 x 12. Go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4092.0,4104.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So we moved to that room. That is, the Christian woman who lived with us, she was the one who rented the room. The apartment consisted of three rooms with a kitchen. In two rooms, lived the owners of the apartment, and in one room lived that Christian woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4104.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e We had such a hideout. It was a ground floor apartment. Here in the wall was a small cupboard, it was like a little box [??] as big as this...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4133.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [She apparently points to some object in the room, but I failed to record at which] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4133.0,4135.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e This could be completely pulled out. And there was excavated a ditch, and in case somebody knocked at the door, the little box was pulled out, in one turn we crawled out, the little box was put back in place, and we were no more there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4135.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How many people were able to get into that ditch?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4150.0,4153.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4153.0,4154.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And who had dug out that ditch?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4154.0,4156.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The landlord of the apartment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4156.0,4157.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha. Did he already know, that you have to hide?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4157.0,4159.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. He knew. He constructed it specially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4159.0,4162.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Is that what was called a bunker?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4162.0,4166.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A hide out. Yes. A bunker it could be called a bunker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4166.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4170.0,4171.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e But now, my woman friend and her sister-in-law said, that they could not live under such conditions. They would rather pay off, they will go to [word not clear] they will work and that’s all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4171.0,4185.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Your Jewish woman friend?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4185.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4187.0,4188.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4188.0,4188.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they paid one hundred and twenty thousand zlotys....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4188.0,4192.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e For each one?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4192.0,4193.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu. All together. That was a large amount, and one needed great pull to arrange it. And they managed to find that pull. Unfortunately I am unable to find this person [now] I should like to square our accounts. She was the go-between.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4193.0,4213.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A Christian person?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4213.0,4213.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: [Hesitantly: a few words not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4213.0,4217.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4217.0,4218.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Unfortunately, I think it was a Jewish woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4218.0,4220.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4220.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they departed. Ad so there remained in the room...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4221.0,4227.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4227.0,4229.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I, my woman friend’s old mother, the friend of her brother, the same of whom Eisurovich spoke today, [She refers to Surovwich, an active workers of the ORT who made that morning a speech at the ORT convention in Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4229.0,4241.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. What is his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4241.0,4244.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That is comrade Bernard [?]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4244.0,4246.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Nu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4246.0,4248.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e We remained in that room. We had an agreement with the underground organization.. There used to come to us people who had nowhere to sleep. There would come in general a lot of people. And how we happened to remain alive is a question. Afterwards, it revealed itself that the Christian [?] owner of the building had known about that ditch, and he said nothing during all that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4248.0,4280.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A Pole?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4280.0,4281.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A Pole. And in spite of that [?] he kept silent. And some remained living there from the 23rd of September 1943 up to the first of August 1944. Up to the insurrection of Bor [This is the famous insurrection of the Polish general who adopted the alias, Bor] The first of August started the insurrection of Bor. And again started the cannon fire, again worries, we were sitting there. And it was not comfortable. There arrived also a sister of the friend of my woman friend’s brother. And the sister started talking, that now it is such a time, she does not know whether we all should remain together, and the 7th of August I departed from there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4281.0,4339.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did the place belong to her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4339.0,4342.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4342.0,4343.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e To whom did the place belong? You left — was it not your place?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4343.0,4349.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No. I decided to leave them. I decided not to live any more with them...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4349.0,4352.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4352.0,4355.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I decided to leave. I must tell you, that the underground committee had brought me on the first day of the outbreak of the insurrection a certain amount of financial support. They brought me food, they brought sugar, they brought candles...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4355.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And I figured I shall go to look for something. And I left. I had an acquaintance, a woman-feldscher [a special profession in Russia — a person trained for minor medical services, originally an assistant medical petty officer in the army] She just was giving injections...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e A Christian woman...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A Christian woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: So I decided to go to her. And I came there, and told her...And she received me very well. And she said, you must bring some food for yourself. I don’t have any. So I ran back. That was on [name not clear] Street. But I could not go back, because the Germans took hold again. Bor was driven out for good [??] and the Germans had returned. And I was not permitted to go back. I returned to her and told her: ‘I can’t get home. I have nothing but that what was on me.’ So she told me, remain, and so we [?] sat for nine weeks in the basement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4425.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In the basement?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4425.0,4426.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. The cannon fire was terrible. Around and around buildings were falling down. This house remained intact. And then, Bor’s army surrendered, the Germans issued an order that all [?] inhabitants of Warsaw must leave the city. Then I left with the whole crowd, with the whole population so to speak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4426.0,4461.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e With the Poles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4461.0,4462.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e With the Poles. With my Aryan papers, already as a Polish person. With Polish [papers]. We were transported in railroad cars. We were told we are being taken to Oświe̜cim. And so...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4462.0,4479.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oświe̜cim is...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4479.0,4480.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...in [word not clear] in [word not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4480.0,4484.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oświe̜cim...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4484.0,4485.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oświe̜cim...Treblinka was near Siedlce, and Oświe̜cim is in the region of Krakow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4485.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Is Birkenau near Oświe̜cim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4491.0,4494.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no. Birkenau was a different lager.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4494.0,4497.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4497.0,4498.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e But we were not taken to Oświe̜cim. We were transported to Oświe̜cim. We were transported into the region of Krakow. We were distributed in various villages and quartered with the peasants. I was placed with a peasant as a servant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4498.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And so I worked. It didn’t occur to them that I was a Jewess. And I worked until the 25th of January 1945, when I saw the first Red Army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Hum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4535.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I have seen the whole retreat of the German Army. In tatters, beaten, frozen, with bundles. Dragging themselves back on little peasant horses, dragging themselves back. And there arrived the army and I returned...[end of spool]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4535.0,4572.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In English] Ehm... Spool 53. Mrs Gurman[ova] continues. Paris, August the 17th.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4572.0,4583.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [In German] Now tell me, the Russians came, and so you were liberated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4583.0,4587.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4587.0,4588.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e All right. Now go on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4588.0,4592.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e It lasted a long time...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4592.0,4594.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e What lasted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4594.0,4595.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...until I was able to go to Warsaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4595.0,4598.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4598.0,4599.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Because it was difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4599.0,4602.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4602.0,4604.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e It happened...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4604.0,4607.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were you liberated?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4607.0,4609.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e That was in a village, Wąsów...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4609.0,4613.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, How far...?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4613.0,4614.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Fifteen, fifteen kilometers from Krakow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4614.0,4618.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4618.0,4619.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e There I was found by the liberation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4619.0,4624.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4624.0,4625.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a peasant a [word not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4625.0,4627.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4627.0,4629.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And they were very eager that I should not leave. I was a good servant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4629.0,4634.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Did they pay you anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4634.0,4636.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4636.0,4638.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they give you food to eat?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4638.0,4639.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Very little. Very bad food. When I was liberated I weighed 47 kilo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4639.0,4647.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4647.0,4647.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Before the war 72. So you may already understand how well I have eaten. And I worked very hard. And the circumstances were so difficult, that even to leave the village one needed a permit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4647.0,4667.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4667.0,4667.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And to get the permit one had to get in line at 5 in the morning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4667.0,4673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e From the Russians?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4673.0,4674.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. From the Poles. They would process it and the Russian commandant had to approve it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4674.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4680.0,4681.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: So it was necessary to get in line at 5 o’clock in the morning. And to get at 5 in line one had to stay overnight in the village. And then there was an order that no stranger could stay there overnight under penalty of death. And so, I went four times, there and back in one day. Fifteen kilometers back. And there in the town itself I had to walk about ten kilometers. I got sick, And could not get the permit. Until once, when I was going again to the village, I cried bitterly, and it happened that my mistress was also going to the village. And she asked me : ‘Why are you crying?’ So I tell her, ‘It won’t help you anything. You won’t be able to hold me...’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4681.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: I must get away. But I have to have a place to stay over. So she took pity on me. And she said: ‘Well then, I will ask my folks to let you stay overnight.’","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where, in the village?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4755.0,4756.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, in the village, so that I could get my permit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4756.0,4759.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4759.0,4760.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e So I pleaded with them, her sister took me in for the night, I got in line. And I got my permit and departed for Warsaw. And in Warsaw I found myself with no place to live. It was impossible to find a dwelling...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4760.0,4780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you find anybody from the ORT?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4780.0,4783.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, absolutely nobody. I remained all alone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4783.0,4787.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4787.0,4788.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e But I encountered the son of Yashunski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4788.0,4792.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4792.0,4792.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rachel Gurmanova: The young Yashunski. And he told me: ‘Here I live in Lodz. In Lodz there are already a few Jews. Lodz is an important city, there is need [of] working people. You will soon find work. So come there.’ So I departed for Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4792.0,4811.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e One did not need a further permit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4811.0,4813.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no. For Lodz one did not need a permit anymore. I took a rest, I departed for Lodz. I had — well he helped me out a bit, because I was without money....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4813.0,4826.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did he get it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4826.0,4827.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, he was already working. He was already the editor of a labor paper [the word not clear]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4827.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Because he had arrived before...because he was in Lublin, and Lublin was liberated in June...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4838.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4838.0,4839.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e ...’44. He came from Vilno to Lublin before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4839.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Who had occupied Vilno?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4845.0,4847.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e The Russians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4847.0,4849.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Not the Poles?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4849.0,4851.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4851.0,4852.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [not clear] it was occupied by the Russians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4852.0,4856.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And so I arrived, and soon, the same day — I arrived at 8 o’clock in the morning in Lodz, and at 11 o’clock, I was already among Jews. [??] And I stared working, things went well [??] I started taking an interest in ORT, and it was my idea from the first minute...We organized [word not clear], we have now already five thousand [pupils] in seven cities [words not clear] and we improved the activities, we have schools, we have courses, and I have returned so to say, to my original life work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4856.0,4892.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And where are your relatives?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4892.0,4894.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I lost everybody, I have one brother in the Union of the Soviets and one in the Land of Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4894.0,4903.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, you have a brother in the Land of Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4903.0,4904.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and one in the Soviet Union in Tashkent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4904.0,4908.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In what Soviet Union? [She used the somewhat uncommon name for the Soviets — Ratenverland, and therefore, the question]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4908.0,4909.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e In Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4909.0,4910.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e In Russia? In the Soviet Union...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4910.0,4913.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4913.0,4914.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did he go away to Russia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4914.0,4916.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, he remained there from the other war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4916.0,4918.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e From the other war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4918.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. And here I have lost everybody. Not a single person...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4920.0,4925.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Whom did you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4925.0,4927.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I had a mother. I had a sister with a husband and two [?] children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4927.0,4929.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e [Not clear they talk at the same time] How came you lost your mother?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4929.0,4932.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I had a son [weeps]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4932.0,4933.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e A son?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4933.0,4938.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [A pause, she apparently weeps, and continues through tears] my son did not enter the Ghetto...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4938.0,4942.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4942.0,4942.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e He said he shall not be put on the badge, he shall not wear the badge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4942.0,4949.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Nu...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4949.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e And he remained on the Aryan side. For some time I received from him messages, he used to telephone to Yashunski. Afterwards, I lost contact, and I don’t know anything about him. My mother lived in Wolin, and she was put to death the 29th of May, ’42.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4950.0,4996.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4996.0,4998.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e Some people came and told about it — My sister with her children was put to death the 29th Oct... [she apparently repeats the previous date, then corrects herself] the 7th of October ’42. My brother-in-law was shot earlier. And so the whole family, everybody, [the next few words are lost in tears]...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4998.0,5023.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me, Miss Gurman[ova] how is the situation of the Jews at present? What do you say about the Progrom of Kielce?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=5023.0,5032.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [Still in tears. One cannot help thinking her cautious reply has something to do with her necessity to return to Poland — first words not clear] Always after a war, it is understood that various things may happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=5032.0,5043.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e It is a time of transition? And you think the Jews...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=5043.0,5048.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [In a conciliatory tone..??] Well they hanged the people...who were guilty — they were hanged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=5048.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e And you think things will become normal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it will. Poland, where there were three and a half million Jews, will probably have the Jews again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Boder:\u003c/strong\u003e How many Jews are there in Poland?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eRachel Gurmanova:\u003c/strong\u003e [Her spirit seems low and she apparently does not like the topic] I can’t tell exactly, I don’t know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Boder: I thank you very much Miss Gurman[ova] We shall talk again about these things.... [Note: There is no customary signoff. The interview ended in a depressed mood.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,5060.26594"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/transcript/7975/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/975/original/export_transcript_Gurmanova.txt?1689903927","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/007/975/original/export_transcript_Gurmanova.txt?1689903927"}]},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["gurmanovaR_annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lublin\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lublin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4838.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lublin\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lublin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=0.0,4838.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoder is mistaken -- this is Spool 51. Spool 50 is the interview with Dr. Jacob Wilf.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=14.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=14.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=14.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=51.0,57.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=63.0,68.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=68.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=68.0,71.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=85.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=88.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=97.0,101.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=118.0,127.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=129.0,134.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=136.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=152.0,162.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=152.0,162.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=164.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=164.0,196.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=209.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=242.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=256.0,259.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=256.0,259.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=432.0,445.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. 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The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1914.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. 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The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1940.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003efolk-german (Volkdeutsche): \u003c/b\u003eThe Nazi term for ethnic Germans living outside of Germany. The Nazis made every effort to win the support of these German minorities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1961.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=1984.0,1993.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2056.0,2067.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Poniatowa\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Poniatowa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2113.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2113.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2113.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2113.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Poniatowa\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Poniatowa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2180.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2193.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2220.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2417.0,2423.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2417.0,2423.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Majdanek\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Majdanek\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2424.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Majdanek\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Majdanek\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2424.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2424.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2447.0,2472.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2567.0,2598.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2599.0,2600.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2600.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2643.0,2673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2643.0,2673.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Poniatowa\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Poniatowa\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2679.0,2755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Trawniki\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Trawniki\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2679.0,2755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2679.0,2755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGestapo: \u003c/b\u003eContraction of Geheime Staatspolizei: \"Secret State Police.\" The German internal security police (secret police) under the Nazis, headed by SS chief Heinrich Himmler. Organized in 1933 to protect the regime from political opposition. Often used by Holocaust victims generically to refer to any German police or military unit.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2679.0,2755.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2760.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2760.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eaction: \u003c/b\u003eEpisodes of coordinated violence against Jewish communities, including the rounding up of Jews for deportation to ghettos, concentration camps, or killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2760.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2760.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=2808.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. 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Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. 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href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3455.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3455.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3455.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3455.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3567.0,3597.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3597.0,3597.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3601.0,3602.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3602.0,3610.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3610.0,3612.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3612.0,3626.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3612.0,3626.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3628.0,3666.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3628.0,3666.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3687.0,3688.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3688.0,3696.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=3700.0,3739.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/ghetto/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4048.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4229.0,4241.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4229.0,4241.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4229.0,4241.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4426.0,4461.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4462.0,4479.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4462.0,4479.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4479.0,4480.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4484.0,4485.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4485.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Treblinka\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4485.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Siedlce\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Siedlce\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4485.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4485.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4485.0,4491.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Birkenau\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Birkenau\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4491.0,4494.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4491.0,4494.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Birkenau\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Birkenau\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4494.0,4497.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003elager: \u003c/b\u003eGerman military term for camp or encampment. In the Nazi system these could include transit, labor, concentration, and death camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4494.0,4497.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4498.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/camp/Auschwitz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4498.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Oswiecim\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Oswiecim\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4498.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Paris\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4572.0,4583.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4595.0,4598.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4609.0,4613.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Krakow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4614.0,4618.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4760.0,4780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Warsaw\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4760.0,4780.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4780.0,4783.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4792.0,4811.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4792.0,4811.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4792.0,4811.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4792.0,4811.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4813.0,4826.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4813.0,4826.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vilnius\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vilnius\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4839.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lublin\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lublin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4839.0,4845.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vilnius\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Vilnius\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4845.0,4847.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Lodz\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4856.0,4892.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eORT: \u003c/b\u003eAcronym for the Russian, Society for Handicrafts and Agricultural Work. Founded in 1880 by Russian Jews, its goal was to promote and develop vocational training in skilled trades and agriculture among Jews. Following the Holocaust, ORT ran programs in Displaced Persons camps and in western European countries, especially in France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4856.0,4892.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tashkent\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Tashkent\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4904.0,4908.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eghetto: \u003c/b\u003eA Yiddish word referring to a walled section of a city in which Jews were required to live during the Middle Ages. The concept was revived by the Nazi regime as part of the \"Final Solution\" to the \"Jewish Question.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4938.0,4942.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAryan: \u003c/b\u003eDerived from a Sanskrit word meaning “noble,” the term was used in Nazi pseudo-scientific jargon to denote a race which had supposedly superior blood and culture. During the Holocaust, “Aryan” came to mean anyone who was not Jewish or Roma (Gypsy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4950.0,4996.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wolin\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Wolin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=4950.0,4996.0"},{"id":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072/annotation_set/1078/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor more information and related content, see \u003ca href=\"https://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kielce\"\u003ehttps://voices.library.iit.edu/location/Kielce\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iit.aviaryplatform.com/collections/231/collection_resources/17617/file/73072#t=5023.0,5032.0"}]}]}]}